PHP Y MYSQL, Apuntes de Ingeniería Aeronáutica

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PHP & MySQL

FOR

DUMmIES

2 ND EDITION

by Janet Valade

PHP & MySQL

FOR

DUMmIES

2 ND EDITION

PHP & MySQL ^ For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-

Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

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About the Author

Janet Valade is the author of PHP 5 For Dummies as well as the first edition of this book. In addition, Janet has authored and revised chapters for Linux books, written chapters for a Certified Internet Webmaster (CIW) book, and written the Apache section for a book on LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP).

Janet has 20 years of experience in the computing field. Most recently, she worked as a Web designer and programmer in a Unix/Linux environment for four years. Prior to that, Janet worked for 13 years in a university environ ment, where she was a systems analyst. During her tenure, she supervised the installation and operation of computing resources, designed and devel oped a data archive, supported faculty and students in their computer usage, wrote numerous technical papers, and developed and presented seminars on a variety of technology topics.

To keep in touch, see janet.valade.com.

Author’s Acknowledgments

First, I wish to express my appreciation to the entire open source community. Without those who give their time and talent, there would be no cool PHP and MySQL for me to write about. Furthermore, I never would have learned this software without the lists where people generously spend their time answering foolish questions from beginners.

I want to thank my mother for passing on a writing gene, along with many other things. And my children always for everything. My thanks to my friends Art, Dick, and Marge for responding to my last-minute call for help. I particu larly want to thank Sammy, Dude, Spike, Lucky, Upanishad, Sadie, and E.B. for their important contributions.

And, of course, I want to thank the professionals who make it all possible. Without my agent and the people at Wiley Publishing, Inc., this book would not exist. Because they all do their jobs so well, I can contribute my part to this joint project.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/.

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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Using PHP and MySQL Part I: Developing a Web Database Application
• Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP and MySQL
• Chapter 2: Setting Up Your Work Environment
• Chapter 3: Developing a Web Database Application
• Part II: MySQL Database
• Chapter 4: Building the Database
• Chapter 5: Protecting Your Data
• Part III: PHP
• Chapter 6: General PHP
• Chapter 7: PHP Building Blocks for Programs
• Chapter 8: Data In, Data Out
• Chapter 9: Moving Information from One Web Page to the Next
• Part IV: Applications
• Chapter 10: Putting It All Together
• Chapter 11: Building an Online Catalog
• Chapter 12: Building a Members Only Web Site
• Part V: The Part of Tens
• Chapter 13: Ten Things You Might Want to Do Using PHP Functions
• Chapter 14: Ten PHP Gotchas
• Part VI: Appendixes
• Appendix A: Installing MySQL
• Appendix B: Installing PHP
• Appendix C: Installing and Configuring Apache
• Index
• Introduction
• About This Book
• Conventions Used in This Book
• What You’re Not to Read
• Foolish Assumptions
• How This Book Is Organized
• Using PHP and MySQL Part I: Developing a Web Database Application
• Part II: MySQL Database
• Part III: PHP
• Part IV: Applications
• Part V: The Part of Tens
• Part VI: Appendixes
• Icons Used in This Book
• Where to Go from Here
• Using PHP and MySQL Part I: Developing a Web Database Application
• Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP and MySQL
• What Is a Web Database Application?
• The database
• The application: Moving data in and out of the database
• MySQL, My Database
• Advantages of MySQL
• How MySQL works
• Communicating with the MySQL server
• PHP, a Data Mover
• Advantages of PHP
• How PHP works
• MySQL and PHP, the Perfect Pair
• Advantages of the relationship
• How MySQL and PHP work together
• Keeping Up with PHP and MySQL Changes
• Chapter 2: Setting Up Your Work Environment
• The Required Tools
• Finding a Place to Work
• A company Web site
• A Web hosting company
• Setting up and running your own Web site
• Testing, Testing, 1, 2, xii PHP & MySQL For Dummies, 2nd Edition
• Testing PHP
• Testing MySQL
• Chapter 3: Developing a Web Database Application
• Planning Your Web Database Application
• Identifying what you want from the application
• Taking the user into consideration
• Making the site easy to use
• Leaving room for expansion
• Writing it down
• Presenting the Two Running Examples in This Book
• Stuff for Sale
• Members Only
• Designing the Database
• Choosing the data
• Organizing the data
• Designing the Sample Databases
• Pet Catalog design process
• Members Only design process
• Types of Data
• Character data
• Numerical data
• Date and time data
• Enumeration data
• MySQL data type names
• Writing it down
• Taking a Look at the Sample Database Designs
• Stuff for Sale database tables
• Members Only database tables
• Developing the Application
• Building the database
• Writing the programs
• Part II: MySQL Database
• Chapter 4: Building the Database
• Communicating with MySQL
• Building SQL queries
• Sending SQL queries
• Building a Database
• Creating a new database
• Deleting a database
• Adding tables to a database
• Changing the database structure
• Moving Data In and Out of the Database Table of Contents xiii
• Adding information
• Retrieving information
• Combining information from tables
• Updating information
• Removing information
• Chapter 5: Protecting Your Data
• Controlling Access to Your Data
• Understanding account names and hostnames
• Finding out about passwords
• Taking a look at account permissions
• Setting Up MySQL Accounts
• Identifying what accounts currently exist
• Adding new accounts and changing permissions
• Adding and changing passwords
• Removing permissions
• Removing accounts
• Backing Up Your Data
• Restoring Your Data
• Repairing tables
• Restoring from a backup copy
• Part III: PHP
• Chapter 6: General PHP
• Adding a PHP Section to an HTML Page
• Writing PHP Statements
• Using PHP Variables
• Naming a variable
• Creating and assigning values to variables
• Dealing with notices
• Using PHP Constants
• Working with Numbers
• Working with Character Strings
• Single-quoted strings versus double-quoted strings
• Joining strings.....................................................................................
• Working with Dates and Times
• Formatting a date
• Storing a timestamp in a variable
• Using dates with MySQL
• Comparing Values
• Making simple comparisons
• Matching character strings to patterns
• Joining Comparisons with and/or/xor
• Adding Comments to Your Program
• Chapter 7: PHP Building Blocks for Programs xiv PHP & MySQL For Dummies, 2nd Edition
• Useful Simple Statements
• Using echo statements
• Using assignment statements
• Using increment statements
• Using exit
• Using function calls
• Using PHP Arrays
• Creating arrays
• Viewing arrays
• Removing values from arrays
• Sorting arrays
• Getting values from arrays
• Walking through an array
• Multidimensional arrays
• Useful Conditional Statements
• Using if statements
• Using switch statements
• Using Loops
• Using for loops
• Using while loops
• Using do..while loops
• Infinite loops
• Breaking out of a loop
• Using Functions
• Using variables in functions
• Passing values between a function and the main program
• Using built-in functions
• Chapter 8: Data In, Data Out
• PHP/MySQL Functions
• Making a Connection
• Connecting to the MySQL server
• Selecting the right database
• Sending SQL queries
• Getting Information from a Database
• Sending a SELECT query
• Getting and using the data
• Using functions to get data
• Getting Information from the User
• Using HTML forms
• Making forms dynamic
• Using the information from the form
• Checking the information
• Giving users a choice with multiple submit buttons
• Putting Information into a Database
• Preparing the data
• Adding new information
• Updating existing information
• Getting Information in Files Table of Contents xv
• Using a form to upload the file
• Processing the uploaded file
• Putting it all together
• to the Next Chapter 9: Moving Information from One Web Page
• Moving Your User from One Page to Another
• Moving Information from Page to Page
• Adding information to the URL
• Storing information via cookies
• Passing information with HTML forms
• Using PHP Sessions
• How PHP sessions work
• Opening sessions
• Using PHP session variables
• Sessions without cookies
• Making sessions private
• Closing PHP sessions
• Part IV: Applications
• Chapter 10: Putting It All Together
• Organizing the Application
• Organizing at the application level
• Organizing at the program level
• Keeping It Private
• Ensure the security of the computer
• Don’t let the Web server display filenames
• Hide things
• Don’t trust information from users
• Use a secure Web server
• Completing Your Documentation
• Chapter 11: Building an Online Catalog
• Designing the Application
• Showing pets to the customers
• Adding pets to the catalog
• Building the Database
• Building the Pet table
• Building the PetType table
• Building the Color table
• Adding data to the database
• Designing the Look and Feel
• Showing pets to the customers
• Adding pets to the catalog
• Writing the Programs xvi PHP & MySQL For Dummies, 2nd Edition
• Showing pets to the customers
• Adding pets to the catalog
• Chapter 12: Building a Members Only Web Site
• Designing the Application
• Building the Database
• Building the Member table
• Building the Login table
• Adding data to the database
• Designing the Look and Feel
• Storefront page
• Login page
• New Member Welcome page
• Members Only section
• Writing the Programs
• Writing PetShopFront
• Writing Login
• Writing New_member
• Writing the Members Only section
• Planning for Growth
• Part V: The Part of Tens
• PHP Functions Chapter 13: Ten Things You Might Want to Do Using
• Communicate with MySQL
• Send E-Mail
• Use PHP Sessions
• Stop Your Program
• Handle Arrays
• Check for Variables
• Format Values
• Compare Strings to Patterns
• Find Out about Strings
• Change the Case of Strings
• Chapter 14: Ten PHP Gotchas
• Missing Semicolons
• Not Enough Equal Signs
• Misspelled Variable Names
• Missing Dollar Signs
• Troubling Quotes
• Invisible Output
• Numbered Arrays
• Including PHP Statements Table of Contents xvii
• Missing Mates
• Confusing Parentheses and Brackets
• Part VI: Appendixes
• Appendix A: Installing MySQL
• On Windows
• Downloading and installing MySQL
• Starting the MySQL server
• Setting up the server to start when the computer starts
• On Linux/Unix
• Using RPM (Linux only)
• From binary files
• From source files
• On Mac
• Configuring MySQL
• Appendix B: Installing PHP
• Installing PHP on Unix/Linux/Mac with Apache
• On Unix/Linux
• On Mac OS X
• Installation Options
• Configuring Apache for PHP
• On Windows
• Configuring Your Web Server for PHP
• Configuring Apache
• Configuring IIS
• Configuring PHP
• Appendix C: Installing and Configuring Apache
• Selecting a Version of Apache
• Installing Apache
• On Linux/Unix
• On Windows
• On Mac
• Configuring Apache
• Changing settings
• Changing the location of your Web space
• Changing the port number
• Index