Pregunta Yacimientos - Ejercicios de Paleontología

Scanned by CamScanner

° m n m n w n mA°mon

E \1 Ï 1n d 9)COnn o rT( ] 999) E?11 iTLtïip11e?1tal"rl]ïa[o,i

, hmo Lnnwnn n scie n h h c n nt] 'ch C cHEssev lohn w H m :°ndun and ;, C

j n

hw \nrk

3. 4 Lagerstätten

341 Exceptional l y Prese r v ed Fossils

DEGBRI G CS

colìfintu >L) c e rt, l]ïl vt t i n\ a n d wl1aA pnJcesses lead tk

on the taphonom} Ctf V)

ftb{Xhed ir)s\iJs i\ ne wide,

the fos h iliz a A

jt ) n ( 1f hí)ft A

is s uesFurthermoreresearch

significanc e , such \ pt . (i menb prc5\ ltje e idtnce of the

impa c t of mi c mbr aJ a c trvity in jAd 1me n ts'J&t

h. dt cay

a n d preservation Ff L) r ;<n] c materand l h. F

ürmatiün of

a u th i genic miner,

ìls

Introduction

Extr a ordina r y fossil occ u r r enc e s a r e c om m only refe r r e d

to as FossilLagerstät t en (s e e Seila c her et i1/1985)Two

ty p es o f Fo s s ilLagerstät t e n are n o r m a l l y re c o gniz e d : (1)

con c entration depo s its, wher e the o cc u rr e n c e is r e ma

able for the sheer abu n dan c e of spe c ime n s (egBo n e

beds, c o quina s ) and (2) co n s e r v a tion deposits w here

the pr e s e r v ation is o f u n u su a l quality (egArticulated

skeletons, fossilized soft tissue s )Co n c e ntration depo s its

(Konze n tratLagerstätten) ty p ic a l l y a c c umulate o v er a

significa n t period of time a nd the fossils have the r efore

been s u bje c ted to time a v eraging (s e e Sectio n 3 2 7)

Cons e r v a tion deposits (Kons e r v atLagersti

t t e n ), on the

othe r hand, are u s ually the re su lt of a c atastr o phic e v e n t,

s u ch as rapid bu r ial, and r e present a n instant in ge

gic a l timeCons e rvation deposits have attractetl more

attentio n be c au s e o f their higher info r mation content

particula r ly tho s e that pre s e r v e the n onbiomine r alized

(soc a lledsoft') tissu e s o f orga n isms, which are the

fo c us he r eTheir majo r impo r tanc e to the study of the

history of life lies in the much more complete picture of

a n cie n t commu n itie s that they afford, compared to the

normal fo s sil reco r d of ha r d skeletons

The histo r y of l i fe a n d the

distribution of the co n tinents

Kons e rvatLage r s täuen are abu n da t parhm0

ar s

tings du r ing differe n t inte n ,ì. of ge0l 0 ca: timtThe

distribution of the s et aphL)nomi whd owi i5 C

trolled largely by m a jor e

\ e n ts in the e vL\0

utio n of life

and by the clistributiL)

n LìF the c o n tinents 4 A0listìn and

Brigg s 199 1, 199 3)

Prior to the appe a rance LìF biA

ìmineralizeL

l skeleton s /n

the late Prec a mbrin,

md E,

triv Cambrian ( e e fie(tio n

122), special conlitiL) ns w e r e required tor pr e s e r ation

T h e wi d e s pre l Ll ooc11r r enc e L\f E dia c a r a n fos ils in

shallow marine settings r etle c ts the a bse nc e tìf grazing

invertt brates[ ì nLï the re s i 1ltdnt prevalence of micr oha+

mats (md tgmunLìs : Seilacher 1999)The diver iDcation

of inw?rtebr a tus in the Cambria n e nsur e d that mi cmbi 1l

The c o ntext and style o f pr e s e r v ation of softbodied

fo s sils is deter1

T tined by a hie r archy of con trois

Although these c o n trols are not yet fully unclerstood,

they help to e x plain why e x ceptional prese r vation is

mats we r e n o longe r ubiquitou s , and the pr e ser ation of

soft tissues required othe r s pe c ial circumstancesThe

Burgess Shaletype Lagerstät t en of the CamtTfian ar

most abundant in de e per slope/hiìsin settings, 1

4 heri?

finegrained sedime n t accumulated in episodic dep°

tional eventsAt this time de e p bioturbators had vet tLl

invade deepe r wate r s e ttings in large number ; E

helf

subsequent radiatio n fro m o nshor e to offshore coJ1

tributed to the abs e n c e of Burges s shaletype Lagers.À

ten in younger rocks (Alliso n a nd Briggs 19931

Vista previa parcial del texto

¡Descarga Pregunta Yacimientos y más Ejercicios en PDF de Paleontología solo en Docsity!

° m

n m n w n

m A

m o n

E \ 1

Ï

1 n

d 9

) C

O n

n o r T

( ]

E

? 11 i

T Lt ï i p 1 1 e ?1t

a l

" r

l ]

ï a [ o

h

m o

L n n

w

n n n s c i e n h h c n n

t] '

h C c

H Es s e v

l o

h n

w H m

: ° n

d u n

a n

d

;

C j

n h

\

n r

k

L a

e r

ä t t e n

3 4 1 E

x c e

t i o n a

l l

r e s e r v e

d F

o s

s

i l

s

D E G B

R I G C S

c o l ì

f

i n

t u

L ) c e

r t

l ] ï l vt t i n\

a n d

l

1 a A

n J c e s s

e s l

e a d

t

n t

h

t

h o n o

}

f

V )

f t b{ X

h

d i r

) s \ i J

s i

n e

w i

d

e ,

t h e

f

o s h

i l i z a

Aj t

)

n ( 1

f

h í )

f

t Ai s s u

e s

F

u r

t h

e r m o r e r e se

a r

c h

i

n i f

i

c a n c e

s u c

h

\ pt. ( i menb p

5 \ l t j

e e i

d

t n c e

o f

t h

i

a c

t o

f mi c mbr aJ a c

t r v i t

i

n j A d

1 m e n t

s ' J& t h

. d

t ca

a n

d

r e s e r v a t

i

o n F

f

L) r ; <n] c

m a t

e r a n d

l h. F ü r m

a ti

ü n o

f

a u t

h i

n i

m i n e r

l

I n t

r o

u c t

o n

E

t

r a o r

d

i n a r

f

o s s

i l

o c c u r r e n c e s a r e c

o m m o n

l

r e

f e r r e

d

t o a

F

o s s i

l

L a

r s

t ä t t

e n (s e e Se i l a c h e r e t i

)

T

w o

t

y p

e s o

f F

o s s i l L

e r s

t ä

t t e n a r e n o r m a l l

r e c o

i

z e

d

: (

)

c o n c

e n t r a t i o n d e

o s

i t

h

e r e t

h

e o c c u r r e n c e i

s r e m

a

a b l e

o r t

h

e s

h

e e

r a

b

u n

d

a n c e o

f s

e c i m e n

s (e

B o n e

b e d s

c o

i

n a s ) a n d (

) c o n s e r v a t

i

o n d e

o s

i t

s w

h

e r e

t

h

r e s e r v a t

i

o n i

s o

f u n u s u a

l

u a

l i

t

y

A

r t i

c u

a t e

s k e l e t o n s

f o s s i l i z e d s o

f t t i

s s u e s ) C o n c e n t r a t i o n

d

o s i t s

(K o n z e n

t

r a t

L

e r s t ä t t

e n )

t

y p

i

c a

l l

a c c u m u

l

t

e o v e r a

s i

n i f i

c a n t

e r

i

o d

f t i

m e a n

t

h

f

o s s i l

h

a v e t

h

e r e f o

r e

b e e

n s u

e c t e d t o t i

m e a v e r a

i n

(s e e

e c t i o n 3 2 7

)

C o

n s e r v a

t i

o n d e

o s

i t

s (

K

o n s e r v a

t

Lagerst i

t t

e n )

o n t h e

o t h

e r

h

a n

d

a r e u s u a

l l

t

h

e r e s u l t o

a c a t a s t r o

h i

c e v e n t

s u c

h

a s r a

i d b u r i a

l

a n

d

r e

e s e n t a n i n

t

a n t i n

e o

i

c a

l t i

m e C o n

s e r v a t i o n d e

o s

i

t s h a v

e a t t r a c t

e t

l

m o r e

t t

e n

t i

o n

b

e c a u s e o

f

t

h

e i r h i

h

e r i

o r m a t i

o n c o n t

e n t

a r

t i

c u

l

a r

l

t h

o s e

t h

a t

r e s e r v e t h e n o n b i o m

i

n e r a

l i z e d

(s o c a

l l

d

s o

f t

) t

i

s s u e s o

f

o r

a n

i

s m s

h i c h a r e t h e

f o c

u s

h

e r e T h

i

r m a

o r i

o r t a

n c e t o t h

e s t

f t h e

h

i s t

o r

f l

i f e l

e s

i

n t h

e m u c

h

m o r e c o m

e t

i

t

u r e o

a n c i

e n

t

c o m m u n

i t i

e s t h a

t

h e

f f

o r d

c o m

a r e

t

t h e

n o r m a

l f

o s s

i l

r e c o r

d

o f h

a r

d

s k

l

e t o n

T h

e

h i

s

o r

o

f l i f

e a n

t

e

i s t r

i b u t

o n o

f t h e

c o n

t i

n e n t

s

K

o n s e r v a

t L

e r s t

ä

u e n a

r e a

b

u n

d

a t

a r h

a r

s

t

i

d u r

i

d i f f e r

e n

t i

n t e n

ì.

ge0l 0 ca:

t i

m t Th

d i

s t r

i b

u t i o

n o

f t h

e s e

t aphL) nomi wh d o wi i 5 C l

t r o l l e d l a r

l

b

m a

o r e \ e n t s i n t h e e v L

t i

o n o f l

f

a n d b

t

h e cl i s t r

i b u

t i

L) n L

ì F t h

e c o n t

i n e n

t

A

0 l

is

ì n a n

d

B

i

g g

s 199 1

19 9 3 )

P

r i

o r

t

t h e a

p p

e a r a n c e L

ì F b i A

m i n

r a

l i z e L

l

k e

l

e t o n s

t h

l a

t

e P

r e c a m b r i n , m

d

E

, t r

i v

C a m

b

i

a n ( e e

i

e( t

i

o n

2 )

e c

i

a l c

o n

l i

t i

) n s w e r e r e

u i r

d t o

r e s e r a t

i

o n

T h e w i d e s

r e l L

l o o c 1 1r r e n c e L

\ f E d

i a c a r a n

f o s

i

l

in

h a

l l o

w m a r i

n e s e t t i

s r e t l e c

t

t h e a

b s e n

c e tì

r a z

i

g

i

n v e r

t

t b r a

t

e s [ì n L

t

e r e s i 1

t d n t

r e

v a

l e n c e o

f m

i

c r

h

m a t s

(m d t

m u n L

ì s :

S e i l a c

h e r

19 9 9 ) T h e

d i v e r

i

D

c a

t

i

o f i n w? r

t

r a t

u s i n t h e

C a m b r i a n e

n s u r e

d t h a t

mi cmbi

l

T h e c o n

t

e x t

a n

d

s t

l

e o

f

r e s e r v a

t i

o n o

f

s o

f

t b o

d

i

f

o s s

i l

s i

d

e t e r 1

T t

n e d b

a h i e r a r c h

o f c o

n t r o i

A

l t h o u

g

h

t h

e s e c o n

t

r o l s a r e n o

t

y

t f

u l l

u n c

l

e r

s t o

t h

y

h

l

t o

e x

l a i

n w h

e x c e

p

t

i

o n a

l

r e s

e r v a t i

o n

i

m a t

s w e r e n o l o n

e r u

b i

i

t o u s

a n

d t h e

r e s e

a t

i

n o

s o

f t

t i

s s u e s r e

u i r e

d o t h e r s

e c

i

l

i r c u m

s t a

n c e

The

B u r

e s s Sh a l e

t

y p

L a

e r s t ä t t e n o

f t h e

C a

tTf

ia n

m o s t

b u n d

a n t i

n d e e

e r s

l o

e /

h i

ì s

i

s e t

t in

4 h

e r

f i n e

r a i

n e

s e

d i m e n

t

a c c u m u

a t e

d i n e

i s o

i c

t i

o n a l

e v e n t

s A t

t

h i s t i m e

d e e

b i o t u r

b a t

o r s

h a

d v

t t

i

n v a d e d e e

e r w a

t

e r s e t t i n

i

l a

n u

be r ;

Eh

e l

s u b s e

u e n t

r a d i a

t i

o n f r o m o

n s

h o r e

t

f f s

ho

r e

t r i b

u t

d t o t h e a b s e n c e o f B u

e s s

s h a

l

t

y p

L a

e r

À

t

e n i

o u n

e r r o c k s (

A l l i s o n a n

B

i

g

l

t r s h ï t i e n

1 3

l

h

11t 11

1 I

I t

o u

w \ c1mr achr i l L' dhywi L1ar casuf

s a

l i

n i t

y

1 n t h

o s e s e

t t i

g

s m

i

c r r J b ì a

l

m a t m

y

b

a n

\ n

i t l

( ì l l

l 1 r t

ì m t t r r c »

t r

i

l t

u m a r i

n e

i

n t e r c

l i s

2 4 ) T

h e

y

f

u n c t i o

b

v s

t a

b i l i

z i n

g

t h

e \ (

i

m > f

A a n

d

b

d

, H

h

w

Ä

I

W W n

f

1 v u u r c

p

i s n d i

c s e M

r n e n t a

s e t h

g

p g

e o c h e r n i

c a

l

R

r a

d

k n ß w

h k h

p

r o +1u

ó e a r

Yv

1l i

ï r

:

\ 11 1

i

l 1 n

u :l

u c

t u a

t i

g

s a l i

i t

y

M

a z o n

i

n e r a

l i

z a t

o n p

r e s e r v a t

i

n n 1n

h

A

s l

l i

c e o u

s \

p

i

e y

L

k

t v p

l

ì l

1 ï

l 1

\ \ r L

r

r A t

LI L

n t i n

u c

h

s e t t i n

g

i

n t h

Se c t

o n 3 4 5 )

a m

b

e r

s e c Se c t m n

3 4 1 1 ) a n

d

p

e a t

b A

h

ì n

ó

r t

h M

l h° o

c c u r i n t

h

e 1

i

a s s i c

Gr è s à

s

e c h o n 3 3

8 i n v o l v e

s e

y

p

e c

i h

c e

n ° r o n m

= r l t a

ì

Vt

l t

i

>r

1 11

1 t

Ï

h

L y

p

r L

s c r v L 1 w e a l t h

f

a n i m a l

a n d

c o n t r o

l

s a n d

c a n

b

e c a

t e c 1 r

i

z e

d

cr 5nwwat i o n

t r a

p

phnt

ÍL*

\ 5

H

r >

t l > c

h n

p

t h

c° ni phxHy

Of ó

r r e M r i

l

a n d

SeHac hc r

U

M

W W

n

] r

hL

f t

l u r

i n

h \

b i t

t \

r,' it)n

r t

l t i n

\ h

t

a t

i l i

t L

I w, l t t r b

d

y

t h

l

o w

( \ x y en

S e

d i m e n

t

h

e m

i

t

d

h

h h

h n

' m n

l M u n s

I

v o u r

t h

R

r u w t h n l

n ó r

o N u n h i o m Ä

r ñ h Æ ] h w u w

d n

p

h

y

q

e c t r u

n r

N

r e 1

PÄenk

l k

vhi ch

n r c

d

p

n $ t e d i n

s u c

h

s c Ä n

g

s v e r e

i d (x

p

r A \

l 9

r i n

R

t h

M

t? ñ o i c (

p

l r

t i

c u

l

a r

l

y

h c L

d

c t

) \ t \

n n

d w ( J( , ¢

l

y

t i

w u e

s o

f

p

l , f t \ v

h i c

h

a r '

d

A c a

n 10 5

t v

/ 1

n \

i

t n n

A

a m

j m

l b ¢

l

r l ° 1

p

r at f d i n

t ( J

c h

f

o \ \

]

Tï _9or(j

ti

o n

]

r c

= r

v a

t i o n

: m m t

h

C

a r

b

Lì n

i f

t ?r o u s t o t h

i

s s u e s s u c

h

a \

m u v t ) r

g

t w

h i

h

J

e r

d

v e r

y

Ter t i af

r a

p

i d Y

v ;

t

h

y

a r e

o n l

y p

1 il

A T V e

d w

h

e n

T Yd

a r e

r

ep

tio n

b

y

t e c

t o n

i c i l c

t i

i t

a n

d t h

e m a j

o r i t

y

f l a

c u s

t

i

n e

a n

d i

n o

g

a n

i c

p

t j e

T v a

b f

n m a

(K c J r

/ n

t h s a m

s e

q

u e

n c

e s

a r

T

e r

t i

y

i

n a

g

T h e i r

l

a m i n a t e

d

s e

d i

m e n t s

d

p

o s

i t

o r e

v e

n i n

t h a m e

f

J s

s 1

l

ie

ld e

x c

t i o n a

l l

y

p

r e s t

r v e d

p

l

a n

t

i

n s e c

t

fi

h

e s a

n d

T h e fo r m a

t i

n o f a u

t h i

g

e n 1 c

m i r L

e r

a t /

s c

o n t r o

l 1 =

d b

y

v e

bi

d s a

u t e t r

p

o d s

E

a r

l i

e r e

x a m

p

l

e s s u c

h

a s

t h

e c

h

m i s t

s

f t h e c a

r c a / j a

T ,

d h e /

u r r F u n

d

i n

g

c r e

t a c e

o u s

f L a s

H o

y

a s

S

p

i n (s e e

S

e c

t i

o n

) ,

a r e

s e d i m e n

t i

c l u

d i

g

t h e

d

i

p

n e n!

r j

f

e (

h e m

i c a

l

a r e

r a

d t h e r e

f

o r e

a r t i c u

l

r l

y

i m

o r

t

n t

g

r a

d i

n t s

d

u r

i n

g

d

t c a

v a n

d t

h

e c

o n c e f

\ t r a t

i o

n s o

f

T

h

e p

e s e r v

a t

i

o n

f f

o s s

i l s

i

n r e s

i

d e

e n

d

s o n

t h

i n e r a

l f

r m i n

g

i

n s A n u

b

e r

o f m

n e

r a

l

s m

a v

e a r a

n c

e o

f r e s

i n p

r o

d u c i n

g p

l

n t s T

h

e o

l d

s t fo s s

i l

i

p

i t

t e a r o u n

d a

d

e c a v

i n

c a r c

a / s t o

f o r m a

c o n c

r e t

i o n

r e s

i n s a

r e

c

a r

b o n

i f e r o u s

t h e

r o

d

c t o

f

p

t

e r

i d

p

e r m s

o r r

l i

c a

t

t h e

mor phol 0

f t

.. R

g

a n

i s

b

y

p r

c

Th

l d

e s

t

i

l

u s

i

n s i n a

m b e r a r e

Tr i a s s

i

p

o r e s a

n d

i t a t

i

n o r w

i t h

n t

h

t

i s s u e s

\ <

i c r o

b

a l

d

c a v

i

r o o r

a n

i

m s

i

n s e c

t s a r e

k n o w n

f r o m a m

b e r a s o

l d a s

e s s a r

y

t o

g

n e r a

t

h

e c

o n

d

t i o n

s r e

q

i r e

d

f

o r

c r e

t a c e o

u s

T h e m o s

t

d i v e

r s e a n

d a

b

u n

d a n t a

m b e r

i

n e

r a

h

z a

t i o

n a n

d i n s o m e

c a s e s

t

l

e a s e

t h e

i

n s t

h

t

a s s e

b l

e s a r e

Te r t

i a r

m a

i

l

y

f r o

H

1 n

e t t a ea

t r e e s

f

o r

m t

h

e m

i n e r a

l

T h

e s e

t t

i n

g

r e

u i r e

d f

r t

h i s

t

y p

f

(s e e

Se c t

i

o n

)

p

r e s

e r v a t

i

n c a n

b e i n t e r

r e d

f

r o

m f o s s

i l e x a m

l e s

b u t

o n

l

y

e x

e r

i m e n

t

s c i

p

r o

d e

i

f

r m a

t i

n o n c o

d i

t

i

n s

n v

r o n m

e n t o

f d e

o s

i t

o n

a n

d l e n

g

t

h

f t i m e

r e

i

r e L

ï fo r r e

l i c a t

i

E

e r

i

m e n

t s

Th

s e t t i n

s i n w

h i c

h

K o

n s e r v a

t

L a

e r s

t ä t t e n

a r e

r e

h o w

t h a

t

t e e

h e m

i

c a

l

graAi ent s

f o

r m a r

o u n

d a

se r v e

d

e x

t

e n

d f r o

m o

f fs h o r e

m a r

i n e

h

c a m

b

i

a n

1l ecayi Lìl

c a r c a

s s

i

r t o m

i n e r a

l i

a t i o n

h i

h o c c u r

B

u r

e s s Sh a

l e )

t

h r o u

h s

h a

l l o w

w a t e r

(m o

s t

Ed i a c a r a n

i t h i n w

e e k s u r m

o n

t h

i

t

a s )

t o r e s t r

i

t

d m a r

i n e

b a s

i n s

h e J

u r

a s s

i c

s e n t

d i

n l a

k e

d e

s i t s

a n

d m a

b e

t r a

p p

d i n a m

b e

f i t t

f

c o n s

e r v a t

i

o n

d e

o s

i t

a r e

t

h o s e

h i c

h e

l i

i n a

t e

i s a

a t

i t

(s e

S e c

t i o n

8 ) 1 t s

f o r m a

t i o n r e

i

r e

s a

ti

o n ) (s e

il a c

h e r e

t

l 198 5 )

Ex c e

t

i

o n

r e s e

r v a

t

i

d e c a

i n

c a r c a

s s e s

a n

d a c c u m

l a

t

B

t h e s u

r r o u n

d i n

i

f

l u x e s o f s e

i m

n t

T h e o r

a n

i s m s

t

h a

t

b e c o

m e

f o

a t

i t e

r e c

i

i t a

t e s v e

r a

i

d l

a s

t i n

c r

t

l l

i t

e s

u n f a v o u r a

t

l i f e (e

B u

e s s

Sh a

l e

l n

h o

f e n

L i m e

h i

h e s

t

f i d

e l i t

e v e n

s u

b c e

l l u

l a

i

s o m e

i

r c

u m s

t a n c e s

w h

m e d i n s

i t

a n d a

n o x

i

c c

o n

d i t

i

n s e

t

b

l i s

h e

d a s

i

c r

b e

t h a t

d r

i v e

i

n e

r a

l i z a

t

i

o n

t

h e m

s e

l v e s

b

c o m e

" s u l

t o f

i

t i a l u e c a

H u n s

r ü c

k

s 1 a t e )

s c a v e n g

e r s

Xe"

X X

X

i

X :

^

B

F

4 " \ n d l

! 4 o b

t e x c l u d e

d b

o t

h

e r

f a c

t

o r s

s u c

h a

s e

Pregunta Yacimientos, Ejercicios de Paleontología

Documentos relacionados

Vista previa parcial del texto

¡Descarga Pregunta Yacimientos y más Ejercicios en PDF de Paleontología solo en Docsity!

m A

m o n

E \ 1

Ï

d 9

) C

n o r T

( ]

E

? 11 i

a l

l ]

h

L n n

w

n n n s c i e n h h c n n

t] '

h C c

H Es s e v

l o

h n

w H m

: ° n

d u n

d

\

k

x c e

r e s e r v e

o s

s

s

D E G B

R I G C S

f

r t

a n d

l

1 a A

e s l

e a d

t

n t

h

t

h o n o

f

V )

h

) s \ i J

s i

n e

d

t h e

f

i l i z a

Aj t

f

f

t Ai s s u

F

c h

i

n i f

i

h

5 \ l t j

e e i

d

o f

t h

i

t o

t r v i t

i

n j A d