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Present perfect (l have done) and past simple (l did) (3): adverbs used with these tenses Some time adverbs that connect (he past to the present are often used with the present perfect: 2 Dore disturb Amy. She's just gone to slcep. (20% ...she just went to sleep.) + Have you seen Robert lately? (10t Did yon see...) Other time adverbs like this inchade alrcady, since (last week), so far, still, up to now, yet. When we use time adverbs that talk about firished periods of time we use the past simple rather Ñ ¿than the present perfect: é » Marie dicd, at the age of 86, in 1964. (not Marie has died...) Other time adverbs like this include (a month) ago, at (3 o'cloci), last (week, month), on (Monday), once (=2t some time in the past), then, yesterday. We often use hefore, for, and recently with the present perfect and also the past simple. For example: ...witb present perfect 20th past simple » We've had the dishwasher for three years. + We had the car for six years. : (= we have still got it) (= we no longer have it) | | > Nothinglike this has happened before. | + Way didalt you ask me before? : l I » A.new school has recently opened in New Road. h a Isaw Dave recently. Time adverbs that refer to the present, such as today, this morning/weel/month, can also be used with either the present perfect or past simple. Lf we see today etc. as a past, completed period of time, then we use the past simple; if we see today, exc. as a period including the present moment, then we usc the present perfect. Compare: 3 1 didn't shave today (= the usual time has passed; suggests I will nut shave today) and + Lhaven't shaved taday. (= today is not finished; I may shave later or may not) e Ivwrote three letters this morning. (= the morning is over) and « Pve written three letters 1/rís 104x151. (= it is still morning) “We nse since to talk about a period that started at some Point in the past and continues until the present timo. This is why we often use since with the present perfect: a Since 1990 1 have lived in a small house near the coast, 2 Tom has becn ll since Christmas. In a sentence which includes a since-clause, the usual pattern is for the sirce-clause to contain a past simple, and the main clause to contain a present perfect: e Since Mr Hassan became president, both taxes and unemployment have increased, + T haven't been able to play tennis since l broke my arm. However, we can use a present perfect in the sínce-clause ¡f the wo situations described in the main and since-clause extend until the present: e Since Pve lived here, l haven't seen my neighbours. We use the present perfect with ever and never to emphasise that we are talking about the whole of a period of time up until the present: $ Tés one of the most magnificent views 1 have ever seen. (= in my whole life) e Pve never had any problems with my car. (= at any time since 1 bought it) ¿We use the past simple with ever and never to talk about a completed period in the past: % * When he was young, he never bothered too much about his appearance. Present perfectand past simple (1) and (2) => ¡OE Pastoontinuoss and past simple => Since: reasons MER 
