Vista previa parcial del texto
¡Descarga Sintaxis- ejercicios y más Ejercicios en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity!
12 — English syntactic structures: workbook 17. Which of the relative pronouns can be used with sentential reference? 18... In what ways can the word one be used? 19. Mention some quantifiers that can function both as the head of a noun phrase and as a determiner. 20. Whatis the major difference between interjections and the other word classes? Exercises 31 Assign the italicized words to classes, on the basis of their morphological and syntactic features: 1. The transparency of your lies is embarrassing 2. * You shouldn't give up so easily — life has its ups and downs Please, don't get me wrong; I had no intention of offending you . 4. You know that you look lovely in thar dress Asa doctor, he could tell which of the two drinks had been doctored 6. - One bullet went clean through his shoulder 7... The stately homes in Kent have lately been neglected 8. Itseems to me to be impossible to rationalize such behaviour 9. Hewasananti-nationalist of long standing 10. His timely arrival saved them the humiliation of defeat 11. The car skidded on the ¡cy surface, slewed heavily around to the right and crashed into a wall of snow banked up along the side of the road 12. Asheadmaster, he has to put in an appearance occasionally 13. Thisis one of the commonest and most objectionable mistakes made by foreigners in pronouncing English 14, The postganglionic sympathetic neuron tested by means of the 1 acetylcholine fest has a small unmyelinated axon .. . ¡ The word 13 15. - While these resolute and determined preparations for the conservation of the King's peace were pending, Mr Pickwick and his friends, wholly unconscious of the mighty events in progress, had sat quietly down to dinner 2.2 Put the following nouns into the plural: hero gas quiz spoonful runner-up boy-friend prospectus life genius area thesis erratum parenthesis lay-by tooth house embryo fungus manhole 2.3 leaf species campus soprano grown-up shelf dilemma woman doctor stimulus wife museum criterion basis desideratum analysis mouse wharf virus formula 200 passer-by father-in-law tomato loaf series alumnus drama synopsis addendum phenomenon hypothesis still life sitin woman mouthful chief manzof-war womanhater Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives: sore dry cruel bad clever gay brutal free far curious sincere grey hot personal sky little near happy cunning intelligent afraid stupid modest minute sinister hostile vivid Narrow lovely slippery polite messy radical queasy Narrow lively 14 — English syntactic structures: workbook 2.4 Which of the following adjectives can be used (a) predicatively only; (b) attributively only; (c) both predicatively and attributively without difference in meaning; (d) both predicatively and attributively with semantic differentiation? foolish wooden gold opposite joint upper golden lone afraid present. economica well ashamed alike sick principal old sorry 2.5 Are the italicized words in the following sentences adjectives or adverbs? 1. Why did you arrive so early? 2. You'd better do it quick He spoke louder than anyone else 4. Tryto draw the line straight Please go straight in He was deadly pale 7. That kind ofcriticism is absolutely deadly 8. Sheis very dear to me A This will cost you dear 10. 1 thought that cats were regarded as cleanly animals 2.6 Write out the following forms of the verbs below: (a) 3rd pers. sing. present tense indicative; () -ing-participle; (c) past tense; (d) -ed-participle. catch lie (2x) deter echo picnic dye lay change age The word gallop cut prefer say die cancel pay difíer cry Qu) Say of each of the italicized verbs in the sentences below to which of the following subclasses it belongs: a. monotransitive verbs d. transitive PC verbs b. di-transitive verbs £. copulas e. complex transitive verbs f. non-transitive PC verbs 1. 1 :hink that this would be extremely unwise 2. Thesecurity guards gave whoever entered the bank a penetrating look 3. The public consider it improper that he is still in office 4. This reminds me of my schooldays 5. Acapulco is the best place there is to spend a holiday 6. That remark must have escaped him 7. Who has been appointed? 8. Heshowed his friends his stamp-collection 9. Do you take mé for a fool? 10. You can't compare this dictionary with Roget's Thesaurus 11. That proposal sounds quite interesting 12. The policeman affected not to hear me 13. Last night they revealed who had done it 14. We'll ger Timmy a new pair of shoes tomorrow 15. We found the headmaster in a good mood 16. Doris convinced the policeman that he was wrong 17. How did you get to know him? 18. Sue felt the sweat trickle down her spine 19. 1 call that putting the cart before the horse 15 18 English syntactic structures: workbook 2.11 State whether have is (a) an auxiliary or (b) a lexical verb They have had their living-room redecorated 2. They told me that they had redecorated their living-room 3. Did you have a good holiday? 4. L have told you a million times that I won't have you do that 5. Rumour hasit that he has already resigned - 2.12 Say of each of the italicized words in the sentences below whether i adverb; (b) a preposition; (c) a conjunction: 1. Since when have you had that camera? 2. After all, Jack didn't arrive until after Jill had left, and that was after six 3. It's been a long time since 1 met him 4. By working hard we should be able to put by enough money for John to go to a good school 5. When do you intend to call the police? When 1 am finished with this 6. Whereis the box 1 put my rings in? 7. Lennox gave in eventually, but not in what can be called a graceful manner 8. No one but Charlie would ever go along with a proposal like that 2.13 Say whether the following sentences contain instances of word coordination, Phrasal coordination or clausal coordination: 1. ltwasa hotand muggy day 2. You can and should help your mother 3. Frank reads English at Cambridge and Anne at Durham 10. 2.14 The word 19 Nervous and unable to make up his mind, he did nothing The Joneses were very disappointed and left early Ellen proved to be a plain but nice girl He told us that his wife was unwell and preferred not to come The man was waving a black and white flag He was wearing a brown and blue sock This beautiful car, an example of British craftsmanship, is yours at the price of £16,000 Write out the following figures in letters: 2.15 4 18 4th 21st 8 40 9th 23rd 13 41 12th 48th 14 103 14th 80th 19 119,000 20th 5002nd Select the appropriate pronoun. Note that in some cases there are two possibilities, which differ in meaning. . John thinks that I admire me/myself too much I believe that John admires me/myself too much She wants us to admire her/herself She does not want us to admire us/ourselves Mary considers her/herself to be a genius 1 consider me/myself to be responsible for this mistake For a man like him/himself this shouldn't be too difficult Putit behind yow/yourself You should take care of you/yourself Veronica should take care of her/herself 20 English syntactic structures: workbook 2.16 Say whether the self-pronouns in the following sentences are used (a) reflexively or (0) in apposition to another noun: T'm sure he was not himself when he said that 2. Larry himself cannot have been there at the time 3. Are they coming themselves? 4. Nobody knows why she is so pleased with herself He was beside himself with anger 2.17 Fill in the appropriate form(s) of the demonstrative pronoun. 1s ... book yours? .. Tamsecing Dorothy ... afternoon w» .. ...are my friends 4. . — ... were the days John taught ... who were only beginners 6. ...isall for now 7... Y'mstanding at the bar and in comes ... strange-looking character 8. fe is tough ... days 9. Whatwas... noise? 10. You may not believe it, but ... is what he told me last night 2.18 Replace the dots in each of the following sentences with one of the relative pronouns who, whose, whom, which or that. Note that some sentences allow more possibilities, including the possibility that the relative pronoun is left out (=D). .. Myson David, ..... is a psychologist, lives in Dallas 2. These are some of the factors ..... have to be taken into account The word Until quite recently we lived in London, ..... is not a cheap place either 4. The men for ..... they are looking robbed the bank in our street 5. Dolly is not the beautiful girl ..... she used to be . Some of the men ..... had been invited were absolutely disgusting . The man ..... wife Dick went out with threatened to beat him up . you received from your friend in Russia? 6. 7. 8. Isthis the letter 9. . They elected Bruce chairman, Was an enormous surprise 10. Thisis the best car ..... I have ever had 2.19 Say whether the relative pronoun can be left out in the following sentences. Ifa preposition is involved, put it in its proper position. He is not the man that I mean 2. Sheis no longer the meek creature that she used to be 3. The people who live next door are Methodists 4, Thisis the best film that was released last week 5. The manto whom you were talkingis our chairman —, 6. [hada flat tyre, as a result of which I missed my train 7. The subject of which he spoke ceased to be interesting twenty years ago 8. Dish-washing is not the kind of job for which there is much competition 9. Thesituation in which he found himself was delicate 10. The person who planted the bomb should be sent to prison 2.20 Fillin an appropriate form of the interrogative pronoun. To ... do these books belong? 2. ... of your sisters did he marry? a A - 17. Give examples of adverb phrases functioning as pre- and as postmodifiers in noun phrases. 18. Give an example of an adverb as premodifier of a preposition, 19. What are the differences between adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts? ! 20. What are the markers of the perfective and the progressive aspect? 21. Whatis the marker of the passive voice? 22. Give an example of a verb phrase exhibiting tense, perfective aspect, progressive aspect and passive voice. 23. Whatis the difference between a finite and a non-! finite verb phrase? 24. Give the names of three moods, and an example of each. 25. Give an example of concord of number and person between subject and verb. 26. Under what conditions can detachment of prepositional and prepositional complement occur? 27. Give an example of a prepositional phrase functioning as prepositional complement. Exercises 3.1 Say which of the italicized parts of the sentences below constitute phrases and, if they do, what kind of phrase. l A A You were driving faster than 100 m.p.h. It is surprising that he should have given up so easily His account was much more truthful than we expected Such offenders are treated less tolerantly than in the past She is not satisfied now and never will be When did you see her last? Have you picked up your credit card yet? 5. vnen in tome, do as the Komans do 9. | met her for the first time in Paris years ago 10. The Allisons live two miles down the road 11. The mecting will take place two days later 12, In terms of money ¡Us the best we can do 13. Dotry and be careful 14. Castiron is apt to break 15. Students interested in this course should register as soon as possible 3.2 Which of the italicized noun phrases contain a descriptive modifier and which a classifying modifier? 1. We've had almost polar temperatures this summer 2. Did you see any polar bears? 3. This disease was rampant among industrial workers in the twenties Constable Buckley was the average type of rural policeman 5. Cant you keep a civil tongue in your head? 6. Fora criminal lawyer he knows a lot about civil law . 7. She is married to a medical man; | think he's a general practitioner 8. They seem to have a very musical child 9. Sotheby'sis having an auction of /7th-century musical clocks 10. You should have given a much more general account of what happened 11. He has a distincily rural manner 12. She was wearing unattractive tan shoes 13. Asan intermediate course itis unsuitable for advanced students 14. He has very advanced ideas about feminist theology 15. The hostages have come to no bodily harm Do the italicized noun phrasi sentences? s function (a) as constituents of phrases or (b) of 1. Lsaw her lastweek > 2. 1 haven't seen her since last week - 3. It happened a week after his death 4. Although an expert marksman, he missed twice 5. For an expert marksman, he had a great many misses 6. People were making sort of sly remarks aboutthe wo men living together 7. The victim had been killed with what seemed to be « Tibetan sabre 8. The victim had been killed with what looked like a Tiberan sabre We can't have our Party now, with a dead body lying in the front garden 10. My old-fashioned fear tor the girls honour was. you will say outof the future which is your enlightened present, a plain absurdity as well as pure hypocrisy 3.4 Identify the appositions in the following sentences, if there are any. 1. The taxi-driver Peter Lennon had seen nothing 2. His wife, the singer Patty Smith, was killed in the accident 3. The singer Patty Smith interviewed used to be a member of the Who 4. The city of Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus 5. You may call Tom, Dick, Harry, whoever you like 6. Dick called Tom a scoundrel and Harry a fool 7. Tom, the baker has called (2x) 8. The taxi-driver Peter Lennon talked to had seen nothing 9. Peter Jones, that successful businessman and wonderful guitar player. died at his home in Birmingham last night 10. The late President of the Soviet Union and Leader of the Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev, who had a heart attack at the age 0f75, had not chaired any cabinet meetings for the last two years before his death 3.5 Are the italicized constituents adjective phrases (a) or adverb phrases (b)? You should have taken an earlier train 2. John was right when he said that You should have taken the train earlier 4. John was right behind you when he said that The police found the front window wide open 6. The patient is feeling well enough to see you 7. The window had been pushed wide open The prisoners are treated well enough 9. Hespoke to us very kindly 10, Try to work as hard as possible 11. Hespoke to us in a kindly manner 12. Fewshows are broadcast live 13. Why did you arrive so late? 14. Live broadcasts are very few ry conflict looms very large 15. The threatofa mi 3.6 Are the following adverbials adjuncts, disjuncts or conjuncts? 1. Nervously, he untied the package 2. Frankly, | can't stand her husband try to be nice to him. however 4. Unexpectedly he turned up at the funeral Pa IÓ nn -=mDg mE DPI E Dmp DD DDD On a ID -mxi mi mPIPEXI XEPEXSEXX SD DD an. -miaDa DDD ----D--D-- O --s DDD DO -----D--D-- O --D Dn naa Dann xD xa xananaaa 32 English syntactic structures: workbook End Somebody must have set fire to the house 9. They are going to execute the prisoners at dawn 10. You are supposed to finish the jub by the end of next week 11. Weshall pay careful attention to all the points you raised (2x) 12. They had to put off their marriage until next month 13. Why didn't you bring up that problem during our discussion? 14, They took hardly any notice of his criticism (2x) 15. The government has put great pressure on the committee (2x) 16. We will send you the appropriate forms as soon as possible (2x) 17. What they pay you for that old sewing machine? 18. 1 want you to pay me as soon as possible 19. He was certain of the board appointing him 20. Why are you so surprised at somebody sending you a specimen copy? (2x) 3.9 Are the italicized prepositional phrases in the sentences below immediate constituents of the sentence or immediate constituents of phrases within the sentence? Note that some of the sentences have more than one interpretation. 1. My friend has bought the house at the corner! 2. He wrote his last book about the behaviour ofapes 3. Winter in that region is very cold and wet 4. After next Tuesday would suit me better 5. His wife was furious at seeing him in chains 6. Atseeing him in chains, his wife burst into tears 7. We had lunch at the King's Head 8. Lunch at ¡he King's Heud is famous for its smoked salmon 9. He hit his opponent with the tennis racket 10. He hit his opponent with his tennis racket The phrase 3.10 'Transform the sentences below into WH-questions, as in the following example: (a) | gave the parcel to a small boy (b) Who did you give the parcel to 1. We can rely on the porter 2. He said he had to put up with his eigh1y-year-old aunt 3. Lam quite familiar with (he gospel according to John 4. Lam going to play a partin The Merchant of Venice 5. Suddenly they were standing in front of the town hall 6. Lam fondof decaffeinated coffee 7. The trophy was presented to (he youngest participant 8. She was extremely jealous of her girlfriend 9. We had better cut down on expenses 10. Ethink you should make allowances for his luck of experience Join the sentences below by inserting the second into the first as a restrictive relative clause. se Example: (a) I didn't like the boy E had to share a room with him (b) 1 didn't like the boy 1 had to share a room with 1. Thelibrary didn't have the book I was looking for the book 2. The head of the department offered him a job He didn't feel up to the job There are still a great many biological prenomena We cannot account for the phenomena 4. TI still remember some of the boys I went to school with the boys 33 The structure of the phrase Questions 50 Is the head of a noun phrase always realized by a noun? Can a genitive noun function as the head of a noun phrase? What functions can be distinguished within the noun phrase? Mention some co-occurrence restrictions between: a. - predeterminers and central determiners b. central determiners and postdeterminers €. predeterminers and the head of the noun phrase d. central determiners and the head of the noun phrase €. postdcterminers and the head of the noun phrase What is understood by 'shifted premodification'? Give some examples. What test can we apply to distinguish a classifying genitive from a specifying genitive? In what cases do we find adjective phrases as postmodifiers? Give examples. Which three types of finite cl use can realize the function postmodifier in the noun phrase? : Mention at Icast two differences between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses. What test can be applicd to distinguish relative (hat-clauses from appositive that-clauses Mention at Icast four differences between appositive that-clauses and relative that-clauses. Mention at least three words that can introduce finite clauses functioning as postmodificrs in adjective phrases. Give an example of each. The structure of the phrase — 51 Mention two different realizations of the function postmodifier in the adverb phrase. Explain the difference between the functions premodifier, postmodifier and discontinuous modifier in the structure of the noun phrase, the adjective phrase and the adverb phrase. How many verbal forms can the verb phrase maximally contain? Which type of finite clause can realize the function prepositional complement? Exercises 6.1 Identify each of the noun phrase: the following sentences and analyse them into their functional and categorial constituents. Example: Heis my rich uncle l He . He=H : Pers. pro 2. myrichuncle my = Det : Poss. pro rich = Prem : Adj. P uncleH : N From January we'll have to pay both these high amounts He showed us the way out - He lost all the money he had Your aunt told us a sad and moving tale His parents are people rich enough to pay that amount of money It was a bigger room than we had imagined The Sun had the story of the accident at the funfair in Battersea Park None of us had heard the news that he had been fired We have no indication where to look Girls your age shouldn't wear that kind of dress Our link with the outside world was the news we heard over the radio 54 English syntactic structures: workbook 6.6 Which of the relative clause: the following sentences are restrictive and which are 1. The power he used to have begun to decline 2. Mis passport. which he had lost at the airport. had been found by a policeman Kathleen, who was Jimmy 's best friend, now lives in Edinburgh 4. "The food they had bought at the supermarket was very expensive 5. "The dogs, which guarded the house against strangers, looked very nasty 6. The many lovers she has had arc all dead "The Jockey Club, which controls horse ra time ago ing in Britain, was founded a long 8. We bought two tables which had been damaged by fire 9. “The dogs that guarded the house against strangers looked very nasty /0. Are yousure that he is the man whose son applicd for the job? 6.7 ve clauses and which arc appositive re referred to here are well-known This film offers possibilities that are very interesting for young graduates 4. Do you believe in the saying that it takes two to make a quarrel? Some of the sto: s that were published by him are unreliable . 6. The news that the BBC broadcast this morning said nothing about events in 7. Lam not interested in the fact that he is a millionaire 8. The story that he married her in Rome is untrue The structure of the phrase 9. Thereisa possibility that Sally might fail her exam 10. We did not have any hope that she would turn up 6.8 Which of the following nouns can be followed by (a) a relative clause as well as an appositive clause; (b) a relative clause only? 1. hope 11. wisdom 2. energy 12. knowledge 3. course 13. subject 4. claim 14. work 5. proposal 15. claim 6. examination 16. news 7. letter 17. rumour 8. impression 18. cause 9. hesitation 19. wish 10. conclusion 20. suggestion 6.9 The sentences below contain noun phrases with finite clauses as postmodifiers. Replace them by the appropriate non-finite postm: ing clauses. Mr Long is the man you should talk to 2. Who were the first men that landed on the moon? . 3. Students who wish to enrol should contact the registrar 4. The techniques that are used in the production of this article involve a great deal of computational work The men who were said to be guilty could not be found 6. They are children who are difficult to educate 7... The next visitor who comes in will receive a present 8. He wrote several books that describe the effects of World War ll on Western Europe 9, Marks a boy who is easy to persuade 10. Thereis no cause why she should be so upset 55 56 English syntactic structures: workbook 6.10 The noun phrases below contain adjective phrases functioning as postmodifier. Which of these can be turned into discontinuous modificrs? Example: a car faster than your Jaguar — a faster car than your Jaguar 1. a plan less ambitious than we expected 2. books hard to come by 3. customers unwilling to pay ter is clever 6. thcory difficult to explain 7. a house different from yours boy interested in bird-watching 9. a point se trivial itis not worth mentioning 0. people averse to hard work 6.11 Identify the adjective phrases in the sentences below and analyse them into their functional and categorial constituents 1. He was quite exceptionally brave 2. Careless people are aptto make mistakes Lam very worried that he might get involved with that crowd 4. His quite clear that she feels uncertain what to tell her husband E was very surprised at what happened next He was so ungracious as to call ita point 100 trivial to be worth mentioning 7. The children were all very cager for the party to start “That is tantamount to blackm: 9. Meis becoming too big for his boots 0. The prisoners were given quite unnecessarily brutal treatment The structure of the phrase 57 6.12 Which of the following adjectives take an obligatory postmodifier? clear loath glad kind subject apt fond upper averse cager principal tantamount likely casy grateful 6.13 The sentences below contain noun phrases with relative clauses as postmodifier. Replace the clausal postmodifiers by adjective phrases, changing the word order wherever this is necessary. L 6.14 All the visitors who were early got a good viewing All the visitors who were present got a good viewing Don't worry about things that are unlikely to happen Students who are interested in grammar are few and far between Students who are really intelligent are few and far between The people who are most difficult to contact are the welfare workers themselves Where do we find a man who is wealthy enough to sponsor a project like that? We found nothing that was interesting We found an object that was most interesting This is a noun phrase that is much more complicated Identify the adverb phrases in the following sentences and analyse them into their functional and categorial constituents. 1 2. She spoke more hesitatingly than we had expected Quite frankly, his sister behaved hardly less foolishly The late afternoon train left earlier than the stationmaster had told us In my opinion such people can never be taken seriously 60 English syntactic structures: workbook We were late through John having mislaid his keys 4: was quite put out by what he said The baby crawled from under the table 6... Eromthisit follows that you are wrong 7. Unfortunately, in addition to being the richest man in the country he is also the biggest rogue 8. Not since visiting Florida in mid-August have | seen such extreme temperatures 9: Hescems to he quite happy in spite of his handicap 10. Is everything accordance with your wishes, sir? 6.19 How is the prepositional complement realized in the following prepositional phrases? 1. bysaying such awful things 2. exactly a month before his departure 3. (plcased) with the way she behaved 4. from behind the wall S. onarrivingat the palace rch of what they had lost 7. in spite of the things he did 8. until quite recently 9. from the moment he left the room 10. from where 7 The structure of the sentence: functions Questions 1. Whatiis the difference between a functional description of a sentence and a categorial description? , 2. Intermsof what functions can the constituents of an English sentence be described? 3. Which function-labels are given to immediate constituents of the sentence and which to immediate constituents of the predicate? 4. Use the two sentences below to show that a functional description of a sentence should be supplemented with categorial information: a. Philip works very hard b. Philip works if he has nothing else to do 5. Use the two sentences below to show that a categorial description of a sentence should be supplemented with functional information: a. Hemade hera cup of tea b, He made her his wife 6. Show by means of examples that the same categorial string NP - VP - NP — NP can be given to sentences whose functional descriptions are different. 7. Show by means of examples that the same functional description Su - P DO - A - Acan be given to sentences whose categorial descriptions are different. 8. Use the following sentences to show that there is no one-to-one correspondence between semantic role and syntactic function: a. The policemen opened the door b. A screwdriver would not open this door c. The door was opened suddenly 62 English syntactic structures: workbook The structure of the sentence: functions 63 9. Mention the four criteria in terms of which it is possible to define the function subject. . Ttalked to the man last week You should have known the answer to that question 10. Define the difference between the functions predicate and predicator. . Olivia carried the box with the books 1. Whyis the function predicator so casy to identify? They will be visiting all the museums of London 12. Whats the difference in structural terms between constituents functioning as subject and constituents functioning as complement? (cf. ESS, page 130, Olivia could carry the box with my help Figure 7.2 SP. —aKQ*Op » . You should have known the answer yesterday 13. How many complement types can we distinguish? 8. She spent all the money she had inherited 14, What is the difference between single complements and companion complements? 9. They will be visiting all the museums next month 15. — How do we distinguish between constituents functioning as indirect object 10. She will make your son very happy iand constituents functioning as bencfactive object? 11. The porter called my father a fascist lor complement or as subject attribute. How do we 12. Italked to the man next door distinguish between these three function: 13. She will make your son a good wife 17. “1 the predicator is followed by two complements, the first complement always functions as indirect object”. Give examples to show that this 14. The porter called my father a taxi : statement is fals 15. John's father used to be Master of a Cambridge college 18. What tests can be applied to show that the italicized constituents in the following sentences have different syntactic functions? r gave Daisy a bottle of perfume 7.2 called Daisy a taxi A Describe the sentences below in categorial terms: €. Oscar called Daisy a nincompoop . L been selling cars for five : v 19, the difference in structural terms between constituents functioning as My uncle has been selling cars for five years complement and constituents functioning as adverbial? (cf. ESS, page 130, 2. Itrained very hard last night Figure 7.2). a 3. Heis the best boss you could imagine 4. The Prime Minister made a very good speech last week Exercises . Cyrilis growing old 7.1 ribe the following sentences in functional terms 5. 6. They will accept your apology in the following example: 7... The programme he relished most was Panorama Our neighbours-spent-their holidays-in Spain uu 8. P DO A . She is meeting an old school-friend of hers tomorrow L. She spentall the money in Pari 9. They have ten cats next door 66 English syntactic structures: workbook 4. She ill make a good wife He died a millionaire 6. Everybody admires courage 7. Martin's death will remain a mystery 8. Whenare they publishing his book? 9. Itappears a true story 10, Does she resemble her daughter? 7.6 Identify the constituent that functions subject in the following sentences: 1. Whois going to be held responsible? 2. Did the man who rang up say who he was? Mer father she had never known 4. Which whisky would you like me to buy for you? A genius she has never been 6. What were they looking for in Athens? 7. Would the Labour Party Conference agree to these proposals? 8. Who can look after your wife? 9. What caused all the fuss was a mystery 10. Who does the Cabinet hold responsible for this? 11. What caused all the fuss? 12. Who can your wife look after? 13. In came the man we had all been waiting for 14. Whatwere you pu charge of? 15. Who did the police suspect? The structure of the sentence: functions 17 Identify the predicate (Pred) and the predicator (P) in each of the following sentences: 1. She makes no conscious effort to limit what she eats 2. A hundred years ago this question might have occasioned no great surprise 3. Tea-time news and current affairs on BBC 1 are getting a new look 4. Another impressive feature is our new teletext system The fact that it goes out live makes the show different 6. Break-ups of marriages are the stuff of farce 7. He joined the campaign against cancer 8. Oneoof the pleasures of listening is not being interrupted while enjoying the music 9. A taste for the finer things in life calls for the odd sacrifice 10. - You can lose your no-claims bonus 7.8 Say which of the following English verbs a. do not require a complement b. require a single complement c. - require cither a single complement or companion complements In each case specify the kind of complement that is required (e.g. DO). to abolish to hesitate to skate to pause to compare to buy to grunt to misplace to enjoy to hit to sleep to awake to make to catch up with to forgive to entail to envy to grow up to despair to reign to cause to discover to seem to lóok for to make up for 67 68 — English syntactic structures: workbook 7.9 Which of the sentences below contain a constituent that functions as direct object? Identify this constituent. 1. Here arc a few examples of the power of television's visual symbolism 2. Mozart wrote that symphony shortly before he died 3. Tolive in such a place is my heart's desire 4. Tamafraid that the novelty has worn off 5. How many books has he translated into French? 6. The man looks definitely younger than his years What did your doctor prescribe for your illness? 8. The passenger compartment is as spacious as it is comfortable 9. Everyone will remember him for his cloquence 10. She finds him a prig 7.10 Which of the following sentences contain a constituent that functions as indirect object and which contain a constituent that functions as benefactive object? Identify these constituents. 1. The police would not show him the body 2. Lam going to make myself some tca Come on, do me a favour 4. Hesold me the car at last She refused to read us the letter 6. Hasanyone ever bought you a ring? 7. Why don't you play us that sonata again? 8. - Has she paid you the money yet? 9. He has left her all the shares he possessed 10. Could you cash me this cheque? The structure of the sentence: functions 69 11. We've made them two new proposals recently 12. Atthe endof the recital she sang us another Schubert song 13... T cannot give you a job now 14. This has done her reputation incalculable harm 15. She told me an incredible story about her brother-in-law 7.11 Some of the sentences below contain copula verbs followed by a constituent that functions as subject attribute. Others contain a transitive verb followed by a constituent that functions as direct objert. Distinguish between these two sets. 1. Thisexplanation sounds incredible 2. Therain kept us indoors 3. Let's remain calm 4. She should not have been so optimistic . Will he make a good teacher? |. Did you taste this wine? 7. Why did she become his wife? 8. I'm getting tired of his jokes 9. You'd better keep warm 10. Suddenly he felt an electric shock 11. Who made these new rules? 12. Peteris going to sound the headmaster on this 13. Her black hair is turning grey 14. Can you receive the BBC on your radio? 15. Weshould turn his offer down 16. All her dreams have come true 17. These pills taste horrible 
