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Unit 9

SUBJECTIVE TECHNIQUES

Prof. Ana Soto-Rubio Psychological Assessment University of Valencia

TABLE OF CONTENT

• Concept.

• Adjective List (AL)

– Adjectives Check Lists (ACL).

– Depression Adjectives Check List (ST-DACL ).

• Q-sort Technique.

• Semantic Differential Test. Osgood.

• Test of Personal Constructs. Kelly.

• References.

ADJECTIVE LISTS (AL)

Group of adjectives that the person associates

with a concept (themselves, other person, an

object…)

Types of adjective scales

– Intensity scales.

– Forced-choice scales.

– Graphic scales.

– Cumulative scales.

– Order scales.

INTENSITY SCALES

Quantifying the intensity with which an

adjective can be applied. Also called response

scale.

Very applicable Quite Little Not applicable Distracted Active Adventurer Beautiful

GRAPHIC SCALES

Gradation of a characteristic through various

adjectives.

Heartbroken Sad Good Happy Euphoric

CUMULATIVE SCALES

Dichotomous consideration of an adjective.

Depressed Active x Sad Adventurer x Happy x Calm Responsible x Suspicious

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL)

Authors : Harrison G. Gough & Alfred B. Heilbrun, Jr.

The Adjective Checklist (ACL) consists of 300 adjectives and adjectival phrases

commonly used to describe a person’s personality. It may be administered to

an individual to elicit a self-evaluation or a characterization of someone or

something else.

The ACL is unique in that the number of items checked is unspecified so that

adjectives selected are ones that are salient for the person being evaluated.

The 37 original scales provide a powerful assessment of personality. For these

scales, the standard scores are adjusted according to the number of items

that are endorsed. Administration time varies from ten to fifteen minutes.

Two reports are available, The original 37 scale report and the Success

Factors at Work (SFW) report. The SFW report presents results on 30 carefully

chosen scales to assess 6 Work Success Factors, that is, collections of

characteristics, skills, and competencies which over time have proven to be

central and important to success at work. The six Work Success Factors

are: Managing Self, Thinking and Deciding, Getting Things Done, Managing

Work, Working with People and Leading People.

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL)

Features of the ACL

Purpose: assess psychological traits of an individual

Length: 300 adjectives

Average completion time: 10-15 minutes

Target Population: High School and older

Administration: For individual or group

administration

Norms: Education Level by Gender

Validation: Valid across cultures

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES

Need scales: Fifteen scales assessing psychological needs or wants identified as important in Henry A. Murray’s need-press theory of personality. Achievement: To strive to be outstanding in pursuits of socially recognized significance Dominance: To seek and maintain a role as leader in groups, or to be influential and controlling in individual relationships Endurance: To persist in any task undertaken Order: To place special emphasis on neatness, organization, and planning in one's activities Intraception: To engage in attempts to understand one's own behavior or the behavior of others Nurturance: To engage in behaviors that provide material or emotional benefits to others Affiliation: To seek and maintain numerous personal friendships Heterosexuality: To seek the company of and derive emotional satisfaction from interactions with opposite-sex peers Exhibition: To behave in such a way as to elicit the immediate attention of others Autonomy: To act independently of others or of social values and expectations Aggression: To engage in behaviors that attack or hurt others Change: To seek novelty of experience and avoid routine Succorance: To solicit sympathy, affection, or emotional support from others Abasement: To express feelings of inferiority through self-criticism, guilt, or social impotence Deference: To seek and maintain subordinate roles in relationships with others

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES

Topical scales: Nine scales assessing a diverse set of attributes, potentialities, and role characteristics. Counseling Readiness: Readiness to accept counseling or professional advice in regard to personal problems, psychological difficulties and the like Self-Control: The extent to which self-control is imposed, and valued Self-Confidence: Self-confidence, poise, and self-assurance Personal Adjustment: Good adjustment in the sense of the ability to cope with situational and interpersonal demands, and a feeling of efficacy Ideal Self: Strong sense of personal worth; or, harmony between what one is and what one wants to be Creative Personality: The desire to do and think differently from the norm, and a talent for originality Military Leader: Steadiness, self-discipline, and good judgment of the kind required in positions of military (or related) leadership Masculine: Role-qualities such as ambition, assertiveness, and initiative associated with everyday notions of masculinity Feminine: Role-qualities such as helpfulness, sympathy, and affection associated with everyday notions of femininity

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES

Origence-intellectence scales: Four scales assessing the balance between preferences for affective-emotional and rational-realistic modes of functioning from George Welsh’s structural dimensions of personality.

High Origence-Low Intellectence: Feelings and emotion (high origence)

valued more highly than detachment and rationality (low intellectence).

High scores suggest informality, vitality, and playfulness

High Origence-High Intellectence: High value place on both affect

(origence) and rationality (intellectence). High scores suggest versatility,

unconventionality, and individuality

Low Origence-Low Intellectence: No particular value placed on either

origence or intellectence. High scores suggest contentment,

conventionality, and optimism

Low Origence-High Intellectence: Rationality and analysis (intellectence)

valued more highly than feelings and emotion (origence). High scores

suggest logicality, industriousness, and cognitive clarity

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES

Success Factors at Work Scales The 6 Work Success Factors and Scales for each Factor presented in the reports are: Thinking and Deciding Independence Persistence Risk Tolerance Intuitive Mode Analytic Mode Managing Self Self-control Positive Attitude Self-sufficiency Self-esteem Communality

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES

Types of Assessment with the ACL

• When you select adjectives to describe yourself using the 300 possible adjectives of the ACL, it enables us to compute percentile scores for each of the 30 ACL scales with regard to your self-perception. Your self-perception percentile scores in the report indicate your ACL scale score compared to those in the ACL normative database. In turn, aggregating your various ACL scale scores within the various Success Factors, allows us to gauge how you view your own performance with regard to competencies that are valued in the world of work.
• If you choose the Multi-rater Report , you will ask a number of individuals with whom you interact to similarly choose from among the 300 ACL adjectives to describe the breadth and depth of their interactions with you. Again, we present percentile scores of their perceptions of your performance, aggregated to the same 6 Work Success Factors.
• Examining this rater data will vastly expand your understanding of your performance. You will be able to consider and compare your personal evaluations of strengths and style against the perceptions of others. Sometimes, your self- perception will closely match how others see you. At other times, your view of how you are performing will be at odds with the opinions of others. It is essential to your personal development and professional growth that you understand and act upon these differences.

ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) SCALES