Grammar 1 – 2ºEEII
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Theme subject matter of the action/state described by the predicate
1. Affected theme: an entity which undergoes the effect of some
action (a change is involved). Destroy Vs + change of state Vs + change of
position Vs, etc.
2. Unaffected theme: an entity described by the predicate / an
entity that represents the subject matter of what is denoted by the predicate.
Description of state / position.
Cause non-volitional causing factor.
1. The avalanche destroyed several houses.
2. John broke the window (unintentionally)
Agent volitional causing factor.
1. The IRA killed three spectators.
2. John broke the window (on purpose).
Goal destination towards which sth (a theme) moves.
1. He passed the book to Mary
2. John went home at 6:00 p.m
3. John received a prize.
Source origin from which sth (a theme) moves.
1. John returned from Paris
2. John left the room
Locative place in which sth (theme) is placed /takes place.
1. The book stands on the shelf.
2. This hotel holds 500 people.
Experiencer the participant that experiences some psychological
state or perceptual process.
1. That doctor thinks/knows he is very intelligent.
2. Thunderstorms frighten Bill.
3. John saw the scene.
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