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Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a. alcohol abuse b. biliary disease c. hyperlipidemia d. parathyroid disease - answer>>>b. biliary disease
Which of the following congenital anomalies is most likely identified in this sonogram of the right kidney? a. horseshoe kidney b. fetal lobulation c. renal duplication d. crossed fused ectopia - answer>>>c. renal duplication
On the basis of the cortical thickness, which of the following abnormalities is most likely identified in this single image of the right kidney? a. pyelonephritis b. acute tubular necrosis c. chronic renal disease d. medullary sponge disease - answer>>>c. chronic renal disease
Which of the following congenital anomalies is most likely demonstrated in this sonogram? a. renal ptosis b. horseshoe kidney
c. sigmoid kidney d. renal duplication - answer>>>c. sigmoid kidney
Which of the following abnormalities is the most likely cause of the sonographic finding(s) in this image of the distal calf? a. cellulitis b. muscle tear c. multiple lipomas d. superficial thrombophlebitis - answer>>>a. cellulitis
Which of the following peritoneal spaces demonstrate a fluid collection? a. subphrenic space and Morison pouch b. subphrenic and subhepatic spaces c. subphrenic space and lesser sac d. subhepatic space and Morison pouch - answer>>>b. subphrenic and subhepatic spaces
The sonographer's technical impression of the gallbladder should state: a. cholelithiasis b. acute cholecystitis c. hydropic gallbladder d. probably noninflammatory wall thickening - answer>>>d. probably noninflammatory wall thickening
Which of the following structures separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver? a. left portal vein b. falciform ligament c. main lobar fissure
d. gallbladder - answer>>>a. stomach
To aid in demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing, the sonographer should: a. decrease image depth b. decrease the dynamic range c. increase the transducer frequency d. decrease the number of focal zones - answer>>>c. increase the transducer frequency
A patient presents with a mass in the lateral aspect of the neck. An anechoic structure is demonstrated just beneath the jawline. Which of the following cystic structures is most likely identified? a. lingual cyst b. parotid gland cyst c. thyroglossal cyst d. brachial cleft cyst - answer>>>d. brachial cleft cyst
Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the surrounding tissues is termed a(n): a. abscess b. pseudocyst c. hemorrhage d. phlegmon - answer>>>d. phlegmon
The IVC is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds: a. 1.7 cm b. 2.5 cm c. 3.0 cm d. 3.7 cm - answer>>>d. 3.7 cm
Which of the following organs is associated with an elevation of aldosterone? a. testes b. thyroid c. pancreas d. adrenal gland - answer>>>d. adrenal gland
An incidental finding of a round, homogeneous, solid mass medial to the splenic hilum is identified. The mass is most likely a(n): a. gastric neoplasm b. accessory spleen c. adrenal adenoma d. visceral lymph node - answer>>>b. accessory spleen
Which of the following vascular structures is commonly mistaken as the pancreatic duct? a. splenic artery b. splenic vein c. gastric artery d. gastroduodenal artery - answer>>>a. splenic artery
Cortical thickness of the normal adult kidney should measure a minimum of: a. 0.7 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm - answer>>>b. 1.0 cm
Which of the following conditions is associated with a complete failure of the adrenocortical function? a. Cushing disease
d. gallbladder - answer>>>b. stomach
Which of the following patient positions is typically used during a thoracentesis? a. prone b. sitting c. decubitus d. Trendelenburg - answer>>>b. sitting
Which of the following structures is commonly mistaken as a renal neoplasm? a. psoas muscle b. extrarenal pelvis c. junctional parenchymal defect d. hypertrophied column of Bertin - answer>>>d. hypertrophied column of Bertin
Which of the following lab tests will likely elevate in cases of nonobstructive jaundice? a. serum albumin b. indirect bilirubin c. alkaline phosphatase d. conjugated bilirubin - answer>>>b. indirect bilirubin
Which region of the gallbladder is located most superiorly? a. body b. neck c. fundus d. phrygian cap - answer>>>b. neck
Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk in developing a thyroid malignancy?
a. Graves disease b. de Quervain syndrome c. Hashimoto disease d. Addison disease - answer>>>c. Hashimoto disease
Which of the following invasive procedures removes a small piece of living tissue for microscopic analysis? a. core biopsy b. paracentesis c. fine-needle biopsy d. cyst aspiration - answer>>>a. core biopsy
A pancreatic pseudocyst is most commonly located in which of the following regions? a. lesser sac b. subphrenic space c. pararenal space d. Morison pouch - answer>>>a. lesser sac
A patient presents to the ED w/ severe LUQ pain. Lab values demonstrate an elevation in serum lipase. An abdominal ultrasound is ordered to rule out: a. cirrhosis b. splenomegaly c. biliary disease d. hepatic malignancy - answer>>>c. biliary disease
Which of the following anatomical variants demonstrates an outward bulge to the lateral renal cortex? a. fetal lobulation
b. remove foreign material from the blood c. convert excess amino acids into glucose d. maintain homeostasis of calcium concentration - answer>>>b. remove foreign material from the blood
An abnormality of the gallbladder wall exhibiting a "comet tail" artifact describes: a. pneumobilia b. adenomyomatosis c. porcelain gallbladder d. gallbladder carcinoma - answer>>>b. adenomyomatosis
A transplant kidney is more commonly placed in which of the following regions? a. LLQ b. periumbilical area c. right lower quadrant d. right upper quadrant - answer>>>c. right lower quadrant
Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays the sonographic appearance and location of a Meckel diverticulum? a. hyperechoic mass located near the anal canal b. isoechoic mass located near the ileocecal valve c. anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus d. complex mass, slightly inferior to the ligamentum venosum - answer>>>c. anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus
Which of the following terms describes a noninflammatory degenerative change in a tendon? a. tenalgia
b. tendonitis c. tenodynia d. tendinosis - answer>>>d. tendinosis
Within 5 years, the risk for rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 5 cm in diameter is: a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 75% - answer>>>a. 5%
Before the bifurcation, the last major visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: a. lumbar artery b. hypogastric artery c. median sacral artery d. inferior mesenteric artery - answer>>>d. inferior mesenteric artery
Which of the following abnormalities commonly coexists in patients with a popliteal aneurysm? a. synovial cyst b. deep vein thrombosis c. congestive heart failure d. abdominal aortic aneurysm - answer>>>d. abdominal aortic aneurysm
Which of the following peritoneal spaces is located superior to the liver? a. lesser sac b. prevesical space c. subphrenic space
The pyramidal lobe the thyroid gland arises from the: a. inferior aspect of thyroid lobe b. superior aspect of the isthmus c. anterior aspect of the thyroid gland d. posterior aspect of the isthmus - answer>>>b. superior aspect of the isthmus
Under normal conditions, which of the following arteries supply the majority of blood to the brain? a. vertebral arteries b. external carotid arteries c. internal carotid arteries d. middle cerebral arteries - answer>>>c. internal carotid arteries
Which of the following abnormalities involves the distal ureter and the urinary bladder? a. ureterocele b. diverticulum c. urachal sinus d. bladder polyp - answer>>>a. ureterocele
Postvoid residual in a normal adult urinary bladder should not exceed: a. 5 mL b. 20 mL c. 50 mL d. 100 mL - answer>>>b. 20 mL
Malignant neoplasms involving the colon are more commonly located in which of the following regions? a. anus
b. cecum c. rectum d. sigmoid colon - answer>>>c. rectum
Which of the following vascular structures courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery? a. splenic vein b. splenic artery c. left renal vein d. SMV - answer>>>c. left renal vein
On ultrasound, visualization of a needle during an invasive procedure is attained in a plane: a. parallel to the needle path b. perpendicular to the needle path c. medial to the needle path d. perpendicular to the exam table - answer>>>a. parallel to the needle path
The sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? a. candidiasis b. liver metastasis c. cirrhosis d. focal nodular hyperplasia - answer>>>b. liver metastasis
A round anechoic mass is identified in the medial portion of the liver. Which of the following structures does this anechoic mass most likely represent? a. gallbladder b. hepatic cyst
d. Budd-Chiari syndrome - answer>>>b. Caroli disease
The sonographic characteristics of this mass are most consistent with a(n): a. renal cyst b. renal abscess c. malignant neoplasm d. adrenal hemorrhage - answer>>>a. renal cyst
Which of the following abnormalities is most likely identified in this transverse sonogram of the abdominal aorta? a. aortic rupture b. aortic dissection c. mycotic aneurysm d. aneurysm with intraluminal thrombus - answer>>>d. aneurysm with intraluminal thrombus
Which of the following structures is most consistent with these sonographic findings? a. lipoma b. lymph node c. hematoma d. thrombosed vein - answer>>>b. lymph node
An image of the left kidney in a pediatric patient demonstrates which of the following conditions? a. pyelonephritis b. mild hydronephrosis c. multiple peripelvic cysts d. normal neonatal kidney - answer>>>d. normal neonatal kidney
An incidental finding is identified in the urinary bladder. Which of the following abnormalities does this finding most likely represent? a. ureterocele b. hydroureter c. bladder diverticulum d. catheter balloon - answer>>>a. ureterocele
An older patient presents with a history of epigastric pain. A calculus is identified in the neck of the gallbladder. The echogenic foci are suspicious for tumefactive sludge or: a. adenomyomatosis b. metastatic lesions c. chronic cholecystitis d. gallbladder carcinoma - answer>>>d. gallbladder carcinoma
An ultrasound exam of the abdomen is ordered on a thin female patient to evaluate a liver mass demonstrated on a CT scan. Which of the following pathologies does the arrow most likely identify? a. hepatoma b. adenoma c. cavernous hemangioma d. focal area of fatty infiltration - answer>>>c. cavernous hemangioma
Which of the following imaging artifacts is identified in this sonogram? a. mirror image b. reverberation c. focal banding d. edge shadowing - answer>>>b. reverberation
Which of the following sonographic techniques will be most helpful in narrowing the differential considerations in this case? a. decubitus position b. ingestion of a fatty meal c. increasing the transducer frequency d. increased transducer pressure over the gallbladder - answer>>>a. decubitus position
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this sonogram of the main portal vein? a. hepatopetal flow b. hepatofugal flow c. portal vein thrombosis d. Budd-Chiari syndrome - answer>>>b. hepatofugal flow
This abnormality is a sonographic finding for which of the following conditions? a. cirrhosis b. steatosis c. chronic hepatitis d. portal hypertension - answer>>>d. portal hypertension
These sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions? a. gastritis b. volvulus c. pyloric stenosis d. normal pyloric canal - answer>>>c. pyloric stenosis
Which of the following abnormalities is identified in this sonogram of the pancreas? a. pseudocyst
b. cystic fibrosis c. acute pancreatitis d. malignant neoplasm - answer>>>d. malignant neoplasm
Which of the following ligaments is demonstrated in this sonogram of the upper abdomen? a. falciform b. venosum c. coronary d. hepatorenal - answer>>>c. coronary
Fluid collections are identified in which of the following regions? a. bilateral pleural spaces b. bilateral subphrenic spaces c. bilateral paracolic gutters d. subhepatic space and lesser sac - answer>>>a. bilateral pleural spaces
Which of the following is identified in this sonogram of the LUQ? a. an accessory spleen b. an adrenal adenoma c. renal cell carcinoma d. retroperitoneal neoplasm - answer>>>a. an accessory spleen
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this post void image of the urinary bladder? a. polyp b. sludge c. carcinoma
