Download APEA STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DIGEST and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
APEA STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
ANSWER DIGEST
◉Heart failure. Answer: Condition with decreased cardiac output, causes congestion. ◉Jugular venous distention. Answer: Sign of heart failure, indicates fluid overload. ◉Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Answer: Condition with heartburn and regurgitation symptoms. ◉Peripheral artery disease. Answer: Causes leg pain during activity, known as claudication. ◉Papilledema. Answer: Swelling of optic disc due to increased pressure. ◉Cullen's sign. Answer: Bruising around umbilicus, indicates hemorrhagic conditions.
◉Gray Turner's sign. Answer: Bruising on flanks, suggests retroperitoneal hemorrhage. ◉Hiatal hernia. Answer: Stomach bulges through diaphragm, causes GERD symptoms. ◉Keloid. Answer: Raised scar from excessive collagen formation. ◉Cutaneous cyst. Answer: Benign closed sac in skin, may contain fluid. ◉Chondrodermatitis. Answer: Painful skin condition, often on ear or nose. ◉Iron deficiency anemia. Answer: Low iron levels causing fatigue and weakness. ◉Valsalva maneuver. Answer: Forces air against closed airway, can trigger headaches. ◉Urge incontinence. Answer: Sudden urge to urinate, often treated with anticholinergics.
◉Migraine characteristics. Answer: Family history is a common factor. ◉Small bowel obstruction symptoms. Answer: Includes vomiting, pain, and abdominal distension. ◉Unilateral rhinitis causes. Answer: Foreign body or nasal polyp may be responsible. ◉Acute sinusitis treatment to avoid. Answer: Antihistamines should be avoided in children. ◉Acromegaly features. Answer: Elongated head with prominent facial bones. ◉Deferoxamine use. Answer: Eliminates excess iron in beta thalassemia. ◉TSH levels in hypothyroidism. Answer: Expected to be higher than normal. ◉Secondary syphilis symptoms. Answer: Rash with red lesions on palms and soles.
◉Prostatic hypertrophy risks. Answer: Increases risk of UTIs and acute urinary retention. ◉Primary syphilis lesion. Answer: Typically presents as a painless chancre. ◉Gout treatment to avoid. Answer: Allopurinol should not be prescribed during attacks. ◉Essential vitamins for women. Answer: Folic Acid and Iron are crucial in multivitamins. ◉Bacterial meningitis headaches. Answer: Caused by increased intracranial pressure. ◉Janeway lesions. Answer: Associated with infective endocarditis. ◉Aminoglycosides. Answer: Class of antibiotics that can cause hearing loss. ◉Methyldopa in pregnancy. Answer: First choice antihypertensive for pregnant women.
◉Kyphosis findings. Answer: Symmetric thorax with decreased chest expansion and diaphragm descending 2 cm bilaterally. ◉Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) use. Answer: Recommended for very short-term use in patients with urinary tract infections due to potential adverse effects. ◉Estrogen-progestin contraceptives contraindication. Answer: Should be avoided in women with migraines with aura. ◉Benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin. Answer: Improves the efficacy of erythromycin for acne treatment. ◉Antihistamines and BPH. Answer: Should be avoided due to the risk of urinary retention. ◉Fine silky hair appearance. Answer: May be seen in patients with hypothyroidism. ◉ACE inhibitor cough. Answer: Typically resolves 1-4 days after discontinuation of therapy but may linger up to 4 weeks. ◉Metronidazole (flagyl) contraindication. Answer: Important to check if the patient drinks alcohol before prescribing.
◉Atypical pneumonia findings. Answer: Includes low-grade fever, malaise, and clear lung fields on auscultation. ◉Dabigatran etexilate reversal. Answer: Idarucizumab (Praxbind) is the medication indicated for reversing its anticoagulated effects. ◉Common finding in asthma. Answer: Hypertrophy of smooth muscle. ◉Cranial nerves for eye movement. Answer: CN III, IV, VI are responsible for eye movement. ◉Severe acute aortic regurgitation presentation. Answer: Includes sudden severe shortness of breath and rapidly developing heart failure. ◉Kidney and ureter pain locations. Answer: Pain is usually located in the flank area, abdomen, or groin. ◉Tender prostate gland finding. Answer: Consistent with acute bacterial prostatitis.
◉HIV late stage symptoms. Answer: Includes rapid weight loss and night sweats. ◉Diabetic nephropathy. Answer: First sign is microalbuminuria. ◉Pleural effusion. Answer: Fluid accumulation between pleural spaces. ◉Down syndrome anomalies. Answer: Requires cardiac system evaluation. ◉Meniscal tear. Answer: Positive McMurray's test indicates this injury. ◉Trichomoniasis. Answer: Common complaint includes vaginal discharge. ◉Atopic dermatitis treatment. Answer: Next choice is topical corticosteroids. ◉Tail of Spence. Answer: Located laterally across anterior axillary fold.
◉Headaches with nausea. Answer: Tension headaches typically do not cause nausea. ◉Cardiac evaluation indicators. Answer: LDL of 190 mg/dl suggests further evaluation. ◉Alpha-adrenergic blockers. Answer: Relax prostate smooth muscle to increase urine flow. ◉Scoliosis concern. Answer: Greatest concern is 13 y/o female with 100 curve. ◉Diabetic retinopathy. Answer: Papilledema is unusual finding in this condition. ◉Uterine fundus at 12 weeks. Answer: Should be palpable midway to symphysis pubis. ◉Pterygium. Answer: Triangular conjunctival growth on cornea. ◉Warfarin missed dose. Answer: Resume with 5 mg and continue daily dosing. ◉Croup symptom. Answer: Characteristic barking cough is common.
◉Bulimia weight characteristic. Answer: Patients are often of average weight. ◉Chronic bloody diarrhea. Answer: Suggestive of Crohn's disease. ◉Parkinson disease features. Answer: Includes mask-like face and decreased blinking. ◉Benign positional vertigo treatment. Answer: Initial treatment is Meclizine (Antivert). ◉Sensorineural hearing phase. Answer: Involves cochlea and cochlear nerve. ◉Renal insufficiency pneumonia treatment. Answer: Requires lower dose of antibiotics.
