KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
(KM)
Session # 16
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
(KM)
Session # 16
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Approach To Knowledge Management 3-Knowledge Management-Lecture Slides, Slides of Knowledge Management
Knowledge Management is about creation, codification, transfer, sharing and ethical issues of knowledge. It also contains collaborative and knowledge management technologies. This lecture has following points: Strategic, Approaches, Economic, Knowledge, Microsoft, Multinationals, Widening, Organizational, Physical
Typology: Slides
2011/2012
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KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
(KM)
Session # 16
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
(KM)
Session # 16
Three Schools of Thoughts!1.The Economic School2.The Organizational
School
3.The Strategic School
Approaches to KM
1.The Economic SchoolSecond Economic Wave:
upto 2000 AD …Industrial
Economy
driven by Machine Powerand Collar workers
Approaches to KM
1.The Economic SchoolThird Economic Wave:
21
st
century Knowing
Economy driven byICT and KnowledgeWorkers.
Approaches to KM
1.The Economic School
Three decades ago, market-to book value ratio in mostcompanies was close to ONE.Today this ratio has grown toFOUR on average.
Approaches to KM
1.The Economic School
If today Microsoft is worth 200 billion dollars and its book value in1997 was 10 billions, then its IC is190 billion dollars.Market-to-Book value ratio is 20and this ratio is caused by IC.
Approaches to KM
Widening Gap
8 6 4 2 0
14 12 10
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
K-based firmsAverage
Market/BookValue Ratio
A Typical Example
0
60 50 40 30 20 10
Glaxo Wellcome Assets
£bn
Physical
Goodwill
Market Value
Drugs in Development,Patents, and otherIntellectual propertyetc. etc.
Value Chain
a linked set of Value Creating Activities
- from Raw Material to end use Product
Procurement
R&D
Manufacturing
Marketing
Distribution
Service
Customer
ValueChain
CustomerBasis
Vertical Integration
The process that
links the aquisitionof raw material tothe sale of thefinished product
-examples:
-Oil companies-Fast-foodcartons
Natural Gas
Ethane Styrene
Polystyrene
Cartons
Fast-Food Restaurants
Final Customer
ISO-9000 (2000) defines
Product / Service
As
An Output of
a set of Activities
or a Process.
Axiom 1
=
Product/Service isan outcome of aprocess.
Axiom 2
=
Activities are thebasic componentsof processes andtransform inputsinto output.
Activity
G
O
R
I
K. Input
= K. present prior to activity
K. Output
= K. present in output as a result of activity
K. Goal
= K. which directs and constrains the activity
K. Resource
= K. which acts on the Input to produce the
Output
Fundamental Assumptions of KVA
Underlying Model:
Change, Knowledge, and
Value are Proportionate
P
X
Y
Input
Output
P(X) = YFundamental assumptions:1. If X = Y, NO value has been added.2. “Value” is proportional to “ Change”3. “Change” can be measured by the Amount of
Knowledge required to make the change.So “Value” is proportional to “Change” which isproportional to “ the Amount of Knowledge required tomake the change”