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Higher Nationals in Computing
Unit 2: Networking
ASSIGNMENT 1
Learner’s name: NGUYEN GIA HUY
ID: GCS200801
Class: GCS0905C
Subject code: 1619
Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM
Assignment due: Assignment submitted:
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P a g e | 1 ] 4
Higher Nationals in Computing
Unit 2: Networking
ASSIGNMENT 1
Learner’s name: NGUYEN GIA HUY
ID: GCS
Class: GCS0905C
Subject code: 1619
Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM
Assignment due: Assignment submitted:
P a g e | 1 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name NGUYEN GIA HUY Student ID GCS Class GCS0905C Assessor name Tam Phan Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing
Student Name/ID Number: NGUYEN GIA HUY Unit Number and Title: Unit 2: Networking Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Tam Phan Assignment Title: Networking Infrastructure Issue Date: November 17, 2021 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: ● The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor. ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/. ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS. Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student. ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment. Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols. LO 2 Explain networking devices and operations. Assignment Brief and Guidance: Assignment scenario You are employed as a network engineer by Nguyen Networking Limited, a high-tech networking solution development company, which has branches in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang and Can Tho. The company has been contracted to implement a networking project from a local educational institute. The specification of the project is given below:
- People: 200 students, 15 teachers, 12 marketing and administration staff, 5 higher managers including the academic heads and the programme managers, and 3 computer network administrators.
- Resources: 50 student lab computers, 35 staff computers, and 3 printers.
- Building: 3 floors, all computers and printers are on the ground floor apart from the IT labs – one lab located on the first floor and another located on the second floor. Task 1 The CEO of the company, Mr. Nguyen, has asked you to investigate and explain networking principles, protocols and devices and submit a report. You will need to produce a report that includes the following:
- An introduction to provide an overview of your report.
- Benefits and constraints of different types of networks and networking standards.
- The impact of network topology, speed of communication and bandwidth requirements.
- Effectiveness of networking systems.
- Discussion on operating principles of networking devices and server types and networking software.
- Discuss the relationship of workstation hardware with networking software.
- Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization.
- For the given specification, identify the topology protocol for the efficient utilization of a networking system.
Table of Contents
ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWERS
P1. DISCUSS THE BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF DIFFERENT NETWORK
TYPES AND STANDARDS
I. What is network?
- A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes. The interconnections between nodes are formed from a broad spectrum of telecommunication network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio- frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies.
II. Network type:
There are 3 types popular of computer networks: LAN :
- A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. It is a widely useful network for sharing resources like files, printers, games, and other application. The simplest type of LAN network is to connect computers and a printer in someone's home or office. In general, LAN will be used as one type of transmission medium.
- It is a network which consists of less than 5000 interconnected devices across several buildings. WAN:
- WAN (Wide Area Network) is another important computer network that which is spread across a large geographical area. WAN network system could be a connection of a LAN which connects with other LAN's using telephone lines and radio waves. It is mostly limited to an enterprise or an organization. MAN:
- LAN will indeed save cost because of shared computer resources, but the initial cost of installing Local Area Networks is quite high.
- The LAN admin can check personal data files of every LAN user, so it does not offer good privacy.
- Unauthorized users can access critical data of an organization in case LAN admin is not able to secure centralized data repository.
- Local Area Network requires a constant LAN administration as there are issues related to software setup and hardware failures. 1.2. WAN 1.2.1. Characteristic of WAN:
- The software files will be shared among all the users; therefore, all can access to the latest files.
- Any organization can form its global integrated network using WAN. 1.2.2. Advantages of WAN:
- Here are the benefits/ pros of using WAN:
- WAN helps you to cover a larger geographical area. Therefore, business offices situated at longer distances can easily communicate.
- Contadins devises like mobile phones, laptop, Tablet, computers, gaming consoles, etc.
- WLAN connections work using radio transmitters and receivers built into client devices. 1.2.3. Disadvantages of WAN:
- Here are drawbacks/cons of using WAN:
- The initial setup cost of investment is very high.
- It is difficult to maintain the WAN network. You need skilled technicians and network administrators.
- There are more errors and issues because of the wide coverage and the use of different technologies.
- It requires more time to resolve issues because of the involvement of multiple wired and wireless technologies.
- Offers lower security compared to other types of networks. 1.3. MAN 1.3.1. Characteristic of WAN:
- Here are important characteristics of the MAN network:
- It mostly covers towns and cities in a maximum 50 km range
- Mostly used medium is optical fibers, cables
- Data rates adequate for distributed computing applications. 1.3.2. Advantages of WAN:
- Here are pros/benefits of using MAN system:
- It offers fast communication using high-speed carriers, like fiber optic cables.
- It provides excellent support for an extensive size network and greater access to WANs.
- A MAN network mostly includes some areas of a city or an entire city.
- The dual bus in MAN network provides support to transmit data in both directions concurrently. 1.3.3. Disadvantages of WAN:
- Here are drawbacks/ cons of using the MAN network:
- You need more cable to establish MAN connection from one place to another.
- In MAN network it is tough to make the system secure from hackers. 2. Constraint of the network:
- Expensive to Install.
- Large campus networks can carry hefty price tags. Cabling, network cards, routers, bridges, firewalls, wireless access points, and software can get expensive, and the installation would certainly require the services of technicians. But, with the ease of setup of home networks, a simple network with internet access can be setup for a small campus
II. Protocol and Standards: A network protocol is a set up set of decides that decide how data is designed, communicated, and got between devices across networks. An internet protocol is basically a language that two devices can both comprehend to speak with one another, paying little mind to internal process, infrastructure, or design aberrations. Network protocols are utilized for worldwide correspondence, and neither LAN nor WAN could work without utilizing network protocols. Backing for this protocol can be incorporated into software, hardware, or both.
1. TCP/IP AND OSI:
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the language a computer uses to get to the internet. It comprises of a set-up of conventions intended to build up a network of networks to furnish a host with admittance to the internet. TCP/IP is answerable for undeniable internet data connectivity and transmitting t h e data end to end by giving different functions, including addressing, mapping and acknowledgment. TCP/IP contains four layers, which vary somewhat from the OSI model. The innovation is normal to the point that one would seldom utilize the complete name. All in all, in like manner use, the abbreviation is presently the actual term.
- Application layer (software layer): first layer that is closest layer to the end user, produces the data that needs to be sent over the network.
- Presentation layer (software layer): the data that is sent by the application layer is extracted in this layer and it is controlled as needs be to the required format for sending over the Network layer.
- Session layer (software layer): liable for building up an association, keeping up with the sessions, and guaranteeing validation and security. Network protocols loke NFS, SQL, and RPC work in this layer.
- Transport layer (hardware layer): is liable for start to finish correspondence over a network. This layer addresses the progress point between the lower layers that arrangement with information conveyance issues, and the higher application information ones that work with application software. Transport layer applications are liable for dividing into blocks for transmission and might be either connection-oriented or connectionless.
- Network layer (hardware layer): gives the ways to data routing for network correspondence and furthermore allows the various networks to be interconnected. The best logical path selection is finished by the network layer for data move between various nodes. The data are moved as packet with the assistance of logical network paths. It relies upon the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for mistake taking care of and diagnostics to guarantee that packets are sent effectively.
3. HTTP:
HTTP implies Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the fundamental protocol utilized by the World Wide Web and this protocol characterizes how message are designed and sent, and what activities Web server and browser should take because of different orders. 4. DNS: DNS (Domain Name System) is a various leveled classification system that arrangements with domain area name space management. Its essential assignment is to determine the naming solicitations. The clarification of this capacity can be by correlation
with a phone data administration that has current contact information and gives them when somebody demands them. To do this, the domain name system utilizes a worldwide network of DNS server, which partition the domain into regions oversaw autonomously of one another. This permits the decentralized administration of domain data. Each time a client enrolls a domain, it makes a WHOIS passage in the comparing vault. What’s more, it is put away in the DNS as in asset record. The database of a DNS server consequently turns into the assemblage of all records in the domain namespace that it oversees.
5. Some standard organizations and standard’s names: Networking standards define the rules for data communications that are needed for the interoperability of networking technologies and processes. Standards help in creating and maintaining open markets and allow different vendors to compete based on the quality of their products while being compatible with existing market products. - International Standards Organization (ISO) - International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) - American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - Internet Research Task Force (IETF) - Electronic Industries Association (EIA)