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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date 02/12/2021 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Phan Nhat Linh Student ID GCD Class GCD0905 Assessor name Tran Trong Minh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature (^) Linh Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
ASSIGNMENT 1
Subject: Networking (1619)
Table of Contents
CHAPTER VII: A RANGE OF SERVER TYPES AND JUSTIFY THE SECTION OF SERVER,
CHAPTER VIII: CONSIDERING A GIVEN SCENARIO, IDENTIFY THE TOPOLOGY
PROTOCOL SELECTED FOR THE EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF A NETWORKING SYSTEM.
- CHAPTER I: NETWORKING PRINCIPLES
- 1.Network
- 1.1 Definition
- 1.2 Advantages of a network
- 1.3 Types of network
- Personal Area Network (PAN)
- 2.1 Definition
- 2.2 Types of PAN network
- 2.3 Examples of PAN
- 2.4 Advantages of PAN
- 2.5 Disadvantages of PAN...............................................................................................................
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- 3.1 Definition
- 3.2 What's in a LAN?
- 3.3 Benefits of a LAN?
- Metropolitan area network(MAN)...................................................................................................
- 4.1 Definition
- 4.2 Working principle
- 4.3 Characteristics of Metropolitan Area Network
- 4.4 Advantages of a Metropolitan Area Network
- 4.5 Disadvantages of Metropolitan Area Network
- Wide Area Network (WAN)
- 5.1 Definition
- 5.2 Advantages of Wide Area Network...........................................................................................
- 5.3 Disadvantages of Wide Area Network
- CHAPTER II: NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
- Network protocols
- 1.1 The Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP):
- 1.2 DNS: Domain Name System protocol.......................................................................................
- 1.3 HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- 1.4 DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- 1.5 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
- 1.6 FTP: File Transfer Protocol
- 1.7 IMAP and IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol (version 4)
- 1.8 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
- 1.9 SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- 1.10 POP and POP3: Post Office Protocol (version 3)
- The international standard organizations and the names of the standards
- and Numbers (ICANN) 2.1 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
- 2.2 Internet Society (ISOC)
- 2.4 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- 2.5 Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)
- 2.6 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- 2.7 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER III: THE IMPACT OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY, COMMUNICATION AND
- Network Topology
- 1.1 Definition
- 1.2 Types of Network Topology......................................................................................................
- Network communication
- 2.1 Definition
- 2.2 Rules of communication
- Bandwidth
- 3.1 Definition
- 3.2 How does bandwidth work?
- 3.3 Bandwidth and speed
- 3.4 Why bandwidth is needed for networks?
- ENABLE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NETWORKED SYSTEMS CHAPTER IV: COMPARE COMMON NETWORKING PRINCIPLES AND HOW PROTOCOLS
- Common networking principles
- 1.1 Packet switching
- 1.2 Circuit Switching
- 1.3 Distinguish between Circuit and Packet Switching...................................................................
- Compare common networking principles........................................................................................
- 2.1 TCP and UDP
- 2.2 OSI model and TCP/IP model
- How protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems
- 3.1 Advantages of protocols
- 3.2 How networked system use protocols for their effectiveness
- TYPES CHAPTER V: THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF NETWORKING DEVICES AND SERVER
- Networking devices
- 1.1 Switches
- 1.2 Routers
- 1.3 Hub
- 1.4 Gateway
- 1.5 Firewall
- Sever types
- 2.1 Web server
- 2.2 Database Server
- 2.3 eMail Server...............................................................................................................................
- 2.4 Web Proxy Server
- 2.5 DNS Server
- 2.6 FTP Server
- 2.7 File Server
- 2.8 DHCP Server
- RELEVANT WORKING SOFTWARE CHAPTER VI: THE INTER-DEPENDENCE OF WORKSTATION HARDWARE WITH
- The meaning of interdependence
- Networking software
- 2.1 Sever software
- 2.2 Operating system
- 2.3 Client software
- 2.4 Firewall
- Workstation hardware
- 3.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)..................................................................................................
- 3.2 Random access memory (RAM)
- 3.3 Hard disk
- 3.4 Network interface card (NIC)
- The interdependence of workstation hardware and networking software
- 4.1 Workstation hardware................................................................................................................
- 4.2 Network software
- 4.3 Interdependence
- OPTIMISATION. CONSIDERING A GIVEN SCENARIO REGARDING COST AND PERFORMANCE
- Some of common server types
- Choosing sever and explanation.
- My design
- Topology
- Network devices
- References
- Figure 1: Network Table of Figures
- Figure 2: Types of Network
- Figure 3: Personal Area Network (PAN)
- Figure 4: Wireless PAN
- Figure 5: Wired PAN
- Figure 6: Local Area Network (LAN)
- Figure 7: Wi-Fi technology
- Figure 8: Metropolitan area network(MAN)
- Figure 9: Data transfer rate
- Figure 10: High Security
- Figure 11: Difficult to manage
- Figure 12: Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Figure 13:Great coverage
- Figure 14: Difficult to maintenance
- Figure 15: Network protocols
- Figure 16: The Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
- Figure 17: Domain Name System
- Figure 18: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- Figure 19: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Figure 20: Internet Control Message Protocol
- Figure 21: File Transfer Protocol
- Figure 22: Internet Message Access Protocol
- Figure 23: Simple Network Management Protocol
- Figure 24: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Figure 25: Post Office Protocol (version 3).............................................................................................
- Figure 26: Logo of ICANN
- Figure 27: Logo of ISOC
- Figure 28: Logo of ITU-T........................................................................................................................
- Figure 29: Logo of IEEE
- Figure 30: Logo of ITI
- Figure 31: Logo of ANSI
- Figure 32: Logo of ISO............................................................................................................................
- Figure 33: Example of Network Topology..............................................................................................
- Figure 34: Network Topology types
- Figure 35: A bus topology with shared backbone cable
- Figure 36: Every device is connected with another via dedicated channels
- Figure 37: A ring topology comprises 4 stations connected with each forming a ring
- Figure 38: A star topology having four systems connected to a single point of connection i.e. hub
- Figure 39: Example of Hybrid Network Topology
- Figure 40: Example of Tree Network Topology
- Figure 41: The average bandwidth or data transfer rate required by services
- Figure 42: Typical Campus Network
- Figure 43: Access, core, distribution layer
- Figure 44: Example of Packet switching
- Figure 45: Example of Circuit Switching
- Figure 46: A switch
- Figure 47: A switch operate in a network...............................................................................................
- Figure 48: A router
- Figure 49: Routers operate in network
- Figure 50: A hub
- Figure 51: A hub operate in a network
- Figure 52:Gateway...................................................................................................................................
- Figure 53: Firewall
- Figure 54: A server in a network
- Figure 55: Web server
- Figure 56: Database Server
- Figure 57: eMail Server
- Figure 58: Web Proxy Server
- Figure 59: DNS server
- Figure 60: FTP server
- Figure 61: File server
- Figure 62: DHCP server
- Figure 63: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Figure 64: Random access memory (RAM)
- Figure 65: Hard disk
- Figure 66: Network interface card (NIC)
- Figure 67: Database server
Here’s a real-life example: In a typical office, every workstation has its own computer. Without a network of computers, it would be very difficult for a team to work on a project since there would be no common place to share or store digital documents and information, and team members would not be able to share certain applications. In addition, many offices only have one printer or a few printers that are shared by everyone. Without a network, the IT department would have to connect every single computer to the printer, which is difficult to implement from a technical standpoint. A network elegantly solves this problem because all computers are connected to the printer via one central node. The main advantages of networks are:
- Shared use of data
- Shared use of resources
- Central control of programs and data
- Central storage and backup of data
- Shared processing power and storage capacity
- Easy management of authorizations and responsibilities
1.3 Types of network
Networks are often classified into several network kinds based on transmission type and range, or how and how far data is transferred. a. Wireless and wired Networks are classified by transmission type as either wireless or wired. Examples of wireless networks include Wi-Fi networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, or the LTE networks used for mobile devices and smartphones. Wired networks such as DSL are also known as broadband Internet. b. Network range
Figure 2 : Types of Network Networks are typically classified by range as follows:
- Personal Area Network (PAN): A PAN is used for interconnecting devices within a short range of approximately 10 meters. Examples include Bluetooth technology or Apple’s Airdrop ad hoc Wi-Fi service.
- Local Area Network (LAN): Local area networks are among the most widespread networks and are used in households or small and medium-sized companies.
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): These types of networks cover cities or single geographic regions.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): The nationwide broadband or cellular network in the US is an example of a Wide Area Network.
2. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2.1 Definition
A personal area network (PAN) is a network that links electronic devices in the close vicinity of a user. A PAN can be anything from a few millimeters to many meters in length. The link between a Bluetooth earpiece and a smartphone is one of the most popular real-world instances of a PAN. Laptops, tablets, printers, keyboards, and other technological devices may all be connected via PANs. Wired or wireless PAN network connections are available. USB and FireWire are wired connection techniques, whereas Bluetooth (the most prevalent), WiFi, IrDA, and Zigbee are wireless connection methods.
Figure 4 : Wireless PAN b. Wired PAN Wired PAN is connected through cables/wires such as Firwire or USB (Universal Serial Bus). Figure 5 : Wired PAN
2.3 Examples of PAN
- Body Area Network: A body area network is a mobile network that travels with a persona range, such as when a person attaches his smartphone to a Bluetooth headset and walks around the market.
- Offline Network: Multiple devices are linked together via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Your computer's peripherals, such as printers, mice, speakers, and other appliances, are connected through a
Personal Area Network (PAN) and do not connect to the internet. As a result, a communication network is built between devices in a tiny single place, such as a house.
- Home Office: A second smaller network is built up for business purposes in a Household Office configuration, which is different from the network used by other home equipment. This network functions as a distinct entity, with numerous additional devices linked for the purpose of office work.
2.4 Advantages of PAN
- PAN is relatively flexible and provides high efficiency for short network range.
- It needs easy setup and relatively low cost.
- It does not require frequent installations and maintenance
- It is easy portable.
- Needs less technical skill to use.
2.5 Disadvantages of PAN
- Low network coverage area/range.
- Limited to relatively low data rates.
- Devices are not compatible with each other.
- Inbuilt WPAN devices are little bit costly.
3. Local Area Network (LAN)
3.1 Definition
A local area network (LAN) is a group of devices that are connected in a single physical place, such as a building, business, or house. A LAN can be small or big, ranging from a single-user home network to an enterprise network in an office or school with thousands of users and devices.
LANs were created in the 1960s to connect computers at colleges, universities, and research centers (such as NASA). LANs were not extensively utilized until the invention of Ethernet technology (1973, at Xerox PARC), its commercialization (1980), and standardization (1983). Figure 7 : Wi-Fi technology While the advantages of having devices linked to a network have long been recognized, it wasn't until the widespread adoption of Wi-Fi technology that LANs became popular in almost every sort of setting. LANs are being used in restaurants, coffee shops, retailers, and even residences, in addition to companies and schools. The variety of devices that may be linked to a LAN have been substantially broadened thanks to wireless communication. From PCs, printers, and phones to smart TVs, stereos, speakers, lights, thermostats, window shades, door locks, security cameras, and even coffeemakers, refrigerators, and toys, practically anything may now be "linked."
4. Metropolitan area network(MAN)
4.1 Definition
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a huge computer network that often covers a whole city or a big campus. A MAN Network, unlike a LAN, is designed to cover a broader geographical region, ranging from a few blocks of buildings to whole cities.
Multiple LANs are linked together to form a MAN network. MAN Networks are therefore bigger than LANs but smaller than wide-area networks (WAN). Figure 8 : Metropolitan area network(MAN) The purpose of MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is to provide the link to the internet in the long run. MAN Network provides Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to wider area networks like the Internet. ” It can also be used in cable television. The primary use of metropolitan area networks is the customer that has high-capacity needs in a metropolitan area. A MAN is intended to provide the required capacity at a lower cost and greater efficiency than obtaining an equivalent service from the local telephone company.
4.2 Working principle
A metropolitan area network is larger than a local area network but smaller than a wide area network. It's commonly used to link geographically separated LANs. As a result, MAN's purpose is to create a communication link between two separate LAN nodes. Optical fiber is commonly used to build a MAN Network. Routers and switches are used to set up the network. A switch is a port that is responsible for filtering data, which is often in the form of frames. Any switch functions as a dual-port device, filtering data on one end and controlling connections on the other.
