Download ASSIGNMENT 2 1633 website design and development and more Schemes and Mind Maps Technical Writing in PDF only on Docsity!
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing
Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Unit 10: Website Design & Development Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Assignment Title: Web Technologies Issue Date: 01 April 2021 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: The submission is in the form of two documents/files ● A ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentation which can be shared with your colleagues for feedback. The presentation can include links to performance data with additional speaker notes and a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The presentation slides for the findings should be submitted with speaker notes as one copy. ● An extended guidebook or detailed report that provides more thorough, evaluated or critically reviewed technical information on all of the topics covered in the presentation. Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor. ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/. ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS. Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student. ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment. Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites. LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites. Assignment Brief and Guidance: You currently work for a software training company that produces courses and topic presentations to established companies and, importantly, to new start-ups. MWS wishes to pursue a bespoke web-based e-commerce solution. As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help inform and train staff members on the tools and techniques associated with front- and back-end development together with the technologies and services required to set up, host and manage a typical commercial website. You will find more information in the file MWS-CaseStudy.docx. In addition to your presentation, you will also provide an extended guidebook containing further information for staff members or a detailed report containing a technical review of the topics covered in the presentation. Your presentation should include:
- Server technologies and the management services associated with hosting and managing websites.
- A review of different website technologies supported with the tools and software used to develop websites (including the differences between online website creation tools and custom-built sites). Your extended guidebook or detailed report should include a summary of your presentation as well as additional, evaluated or critically reviewed technical notes on all of the expected topics.
Table of Contents
2.2. Explain presentation layer (GUI) and application layers (load balancing & web server)
- Server technologies and management services
- 1.1. Explain DNS and its purpose
- 1.2. How domain names are organised and managed
- 1.3. Explain the purpose of HTTP protocols (giải thích HTTP và công dụng của nó)
- 1.4. Explain 02 different Operating Systems (Linux and Windows) which run on a server
- 1.5. Explain the purpose of Web server software
- 1.6. Explain related technologies to
- 1.6.1. Tools/technologies are used to design a website.................................................................................................
- 1.6.2. Tools/technologies are used to publish a website.
- 1.6.3. Accessing a website: explain how client can request a website on a server
- Website technologies, tools and software.........................................................................................
- 2.1. Website front-end and back-end technologies
- 2.1.1. Front-end technologies
- 2.1.2. Back-end technologies
- 2.3. Explain a certain Front-End technologies of your choice (usually Javascript)
- 2.4. Explain Back End technology (NodeJS)
- 2.5. Review Databases (mongoDB)
- 2.6. Review IDEs (Visual Studio Code)
- 2.7. Review CMS (2 of your choice)
- 2.8. Review Website Builders (1 of your choice)............................................................................
- References
Table of Figure
Figure 1 NodeJS advantages ......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2 MongoDB ....................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 3 WordPress....................................................................................................................... 27
network of distributed and scalable DNS servers to ensure that users can quickly look up and resolve the requested server’s location, wherever they are around the globe. The DNS Lookup Process: The purpose of DNS is to translate a domain name into the appropriate IP address. This is done by looking up the dns records of the requested domain. There are typically eight steps in this DNS lookup process that follow the information path from the originating web browser to the DNS server and back again. In practice, DNS information is often cached to reduce the DNS lookup response time. When the DNS information is not cached, the eight-step lookup process is as follows: The eight steps in a DNS lookup: A user enters a domain name (e.g., facebook.com) into their browser, and the browser sends the query via their internet service provider isp to a DNS recursive resolver. The DNS recursive resolver, in turn, sends a query to the root DNS nameserver (.). The root server returns to the resolver the address of the top-level domain (i.e., “TLD”) DNS root server, which has the needed information for the facebook.com domain. (Examples of a top- level domain tld include “.com”, “.net”, and “.org,” which each TLD having it’s own root DNS server.) In turn, the resolver then sends the information request to the Top-Level Domain server (In this case, the “.com” TLD nameserver). The TLD name server responds to the resolver with the targeted IP address of the domain’s nameserver. (In this case, the DNS server for “facebook.com”.) Next, the DNS recursive resolver sends the query to the domain’s DNS server. The domain’s DNS server then returns the IP address to the DNS resolver for the requested domain (e.g., “facebook.com”. Finally, the DNS resolver returns the IP address of the requested domain to the requesting web browser. The browser sends the HTTPS request to
the targeted IP address, and the server with that address returns the webpage, which renders in the user’s browser.
1.2. How domain names are organised and managed
Domain names are organized in specialized databases. These databases are part of the worldwide system of domain registrars. The mapping of IP names corresponding to human-readable hostnames is done via DNS (Domain Name System). The domain names are a combination of second-level domains and top-level domains. The second-level domain is the human-readable hostname of the domain. The other type Top-level domains are categorized into three types of top-level domains: gTLD, ccTLD and nTLD. Domain names are registered via The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN. So, the management of these domains’ rests with the ICANN. It deals with assigning IP addresses. iNET Systems offer a place to buy your favorite domains. With iNET, you can boost your business with industry-leading services at reasonable prices. If you wish to have a domain registered or sell an unused business domain? Feel free to contact an iNET expert today.
1.3. Explain the purpose of HTTP protocols (giải thích HTTP và công
dụng của nó)
The name hypertext transfer protocol refers to HTTP's role in transmitting website data across the internet. Hypertext refers to the standard form of websites in which one page can refer users to another page through clickable hyperlinks, usually simply called links. The purpose of the HTTP protocol is to provide a standard way for web browsers and servers to talk to each other. Web pages are designed using the hypertext markup language, or HTML, but HTTP is used today to transfer more than simply HTML and the cascading style sheets, or CSS, used to indicate how pages should be displayed. HTTP is also
is more reliable than DOS and handles errors with ease due to various tools available for debugging and error handling. Linux: Linux is a freely distributed multitasking and multi-user operating system that behaves like UNIX. It was originally developed by a Finnish student, LINUS TORVALDS in 1991. It is the best known and most commonly used open-source operating system. It is a cross-platform operating system based on UNIX that can be installed on PCs and laptops. Feature WINDOWS LINUX Development Developed by Microsoft. Linux is developed by Open Source Development. License Proprietary Open-source Interface It supports Graphical User Interface It supports both Command-line interfaces/Graphical user interfaces. Multitasking Windows supports multitasking Linux supports multitasking Distribution Windows was distributed by Microsoft. Linux is distributed by various vendors, such as Red Hat, Fedora, etc. Usage Windows can be installed on PC desktops, laptops, servers, and some mobile phones. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, mobile phones, and video game consoles to mainframes and supercomputers. Customization It is possible to change the background and general color schemes and fonts for windows desktops. One can rewrite the code for Linux so that it can be customized further. Reliability Windows is not even reliable, with it crashing/needing to be restarted all the time. Linux is very reliable and is known for being run for months or even years without needing to be rebooted. Management Easy to manage. Difficult to manage. Cost It is not free. Linux is free to download.
Feature WINDOWS LINUX User- Support Windows is a multi-user operating system. Linux is a multi-user operating system.
1.5. Explain the purpose of Web server software
A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to users. Besides HTTP, web servers also support SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), used for email, file transfer and storage. Web server hardware is connected to the internet and allows data to be exchanged with other connected devices, while web server software controls how a user accesses hosted files. The web server process is an example of the client/server model. All computers that host websites must have web server software. Web servers are used in web hosting, or the hosting of data for websites and web-based applications -- or web applications. How do web servers work? Web server software is accessed through the domain names of websites and ensures the delivery of the site's content to the requesting user. The software side is also comprised of several components, with at least an HTTP server. The HTTP server is able to understand HTTP and URLs. As hardware, a web server is a computer that stores web server software and other files related to a website, such as HTML documents, images and JavaScript files. When a web browser, like Google Chrome or Firefox, needs a file that's hosted on a web server, the browser will request the file by HTTP. When the request is received by the web server, the HTTP server will accept the request, find the content and send it back to the browser through HTTP.
Dynamic web browsers will consist of a web server and other software such as an application server and database. It is considered dynamic because the application server can be used to update any hosted files before they are sent to a browser. The web server can generate content when it is requested from the database. Though this process is more flexible, it is also more complicated.
1.6. Explain related technologies to
1.6.1. Tools/technologies are used to design a website The web developers must constantly upgrade their skills in technology and gather knowledge on the latest tools for increasing their productivity. Technology is changing at a rapid pace, so to stay competitive, it is vital that the developers upgrade their skillsets. But the upgrades and developments are happening at an unprecedented rate. In this article, we are going to discuss some of the trending technologies in 2018 and the tools that the web developer needs to get accustomed to. First and foremost, we are going to discuss some of the technologies that help in web development. These are: Artificial Intelligence : Artificial Intelligence (AI) will enable the developers to create programs that act and even think similar to a human – without any requirement of manpower. There is a web design program called grid that creates slick websites – the AI program used is called Molly. Internet of Things : There is an increasing application of the Internet of Things (IoT) on our household appliances, not just our smartphones. So, we remotely turn on our heater or refrigerator, use timers to put on shining lights or even time our kettle’s settings to prepare a hot cup of coffee as we walk through the door. Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, makes use of an iOS voice app and a messenger bot for a similar system at his home.
Conversational UI with Bots : The popularity of the messaging platforms has its own impact on web designing and development. 2018 has emerged as the year of conversational commerce. The websites have started to use conversational interfaces. Websites that are developed with the conversational-first approach and are gaining immense popularity. Many a website is taking help of the chatbots. The utility of the chatbots lie in providing customer support, give personalized answers to queries and boosting online sales. The web development tools that help the developer to ease the workflow of development are: JavaScript Libraries Front-end Frameworks Databases Programming Languages Task Runners Icons JavaScript Libraries JavaScript happens to be one of the most popular programming languages for the developer community. The library contains a set of already prepared libraries – that helps in easy access to web development. Some of the famous JavaScript libraries are: Backbone JS React jQuery jQueryUI jQuery Mobile Front-end Frameworks The front-end frameworks constitute of folders and files. JavaScript, CSS and HTML are some of the examples to be cited. If the developers need to
Name Description Key feature Price Pico A program that makes creating and tracking forms easier. This smart signup form generator is ideal for landing pages, popups, and HTML types. Publishers can use Pico to add social login options to their forms. They can also entice individuals to join up by providing unique goodies, such as enhanced newsletters, VIP content, and downloads. These kinds of incentives have been demonstrated to enhance conversions, which is critical for publishers who rely on revenue from their online audience. Professional CRM techniques Integrations Rich texts and preview pages are available Social login buttons that help convert visitors to customers Free up to 500 contacts Libsyn Helps make the distribution procedure as simple and painless as possible. It is one of the most popular podcast networks at the moment. They host tens of thousands of shows, including mine, with millions of downloads and viewers. If you're thinking about starting a podcast and want to make the process of distributing your show as simple as possible, Libsyn has everything you'll need. For all that this gadget can achieve, the investment is low. Powerful audience insights User data statistics Geographic heat map Custom episode publishing Custom HTML5 media player Start at 5$ Anchor Podcasts are really popular right now and if you're a publisher who intends to enter a podcast to their site, Anchor can help. Anchor is an exclusive platform for creating, distributing, and monetizing podcasts. The platform provides audio recording and uploading facilities, as well as one-click dissemination for new podcast episodes on Offers recording options Unlimited hosting Streamlined distribution Insightful analytics Performance tools to grow audience Free
Name Description Key feature Price leading podcast networks like Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and Spotify. Podcast subscriptions TimelineJS TimelineJS solves the challenge faced by digital news publishes in interactive graphics to accompany articles on websites. The open- source application can be used to construct dynamic timelines with lots of visuals. Publishers should use TimelineJS to generate graphic timelines for stories that have a strong chronological narrative, where each event is described as part of a bigger story. Uses google spreadsheet to operate Integrated with JSON Allows users to pull in media Several templates are available Open source Calameo Calameo can assist you in creating and publishing accessible ebooks, pamphlets, and journals whenever you need to disseminate material across multiple mediums. You import your PDFs, and the software creates an appealing page-flipping ebook for you. It emphasizes style and functionality to ensure that the end products are pleasing to the eye and that the material is simple to customize and distribute. Calameo designs for both small and large publications, as well as major companies such as Fiat and Lidl. Allows you to schedule your publication date and time Lets you upload interactive content Analyzes readership behavior Has an attractive widget library Sharing options are available Free Otter The Otter tool is used by digital reporters to easily make rich notes from their interviews and other critical voice exchanges using the Otter tool. Reporters can use this online publishing tool to not only record and analyze discussions on a real-time basis, but also to Automatically takes notes Updates voice notes and publish them Analyzes discussions in real-time Voice exchanges 600 minutes of transcription for free
response, it closes the TCP connection. If user reopen the website in client browser, or if client browser automatically requests something from the server, a new connection will be opened following the same procedure described above. A GET request is a type of HTTP method that the client can call. User can learn more about other common ways (LOGIN, LOG IN and DELETE) in this article. Let's explore an example of how a GET request (the most common type of request) is used to help client computer (the client) access resources on the web. Let's say user want to see the latest course offerings from http://example.com. After user type the URL into client browser, client browser will extract the http part and recognize that as the name of the network protocol to use. It then takes the domain name from the URL, in this case “example.com” and asks the internet Domain Name Server to return an Internet Protocol (IP) address. The client now knows the IP address of the destination. It then opens a connection to the server at that address, using the http protocol as specified. It will initiate a GET request to the server containing the server's IP address and optionally a data payload. The GET request contains the following text: GET / HTTP / 1. Server: www.example.com This determines the request type, the path on www.example.com (in this case “/”), and the protocol “HTTP/1.1”. HTTP/1.1 is a revision of the first HTTP, now known as HTTP/1.0. In HTTP/1.0, every resource request requires a separate connection to the server. HTTP/1.1 uses a single connection multiple times, so additional content (like images or stylesheets) is retrieved even after the page has been retrieved. Therefore, requests using HTTP/1.1 have less latency than requests using HTTP/1.0.
The second line of the request contains the server's address "www.example.com". There may also be additional lines depending on what data client browser chooses to send. If the server can locate the requested path, the server can respond with the header: HTTP / 1.1 200 OK Content type: text/html This header is followed by the requested content, in this case the information needed to display www.example.com. The first line of the header, HTTP/1.1 200 OK, is confirmation that the server understands the protocol the client wants to communicate with (HTTP/1.1) and the HTTP status code indicates that the resource was found on the server.. The second line, Content-Type: text/html, shows the type of content it will send to the client. If the server cannot locate the path requested by the client, it responds with the header: HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FINDED In this case, the server determines that it understands the HTTP protocol, but the 404 NOT FOUND status code indicates that the requested specific body of content was not found. This can happen if the content has been moved, or if user entered the wrong URL, or if the page has been deleted. User can read more about 404 status codes, commonly known as 404 errors.
