1633-Website Design- Assignment 1, Summaries of Systems Design

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Higher Nationals in Computing

Unit 10: Website Design and Development

ASSIGNMENT 1

Learner’s name: Nguyen Bao Khang

ID: GCS

Class: GCS1005C

Subject code: 1633

Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM

Assignment due: Assignment submitted:

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date: Signature & Date:

Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)

Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing

Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Unit 10: Website Design & Development Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Phan Minh Tam Assignment Title: Web Technologies Issue Date: 21 March 2022 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: The submission is in the form of two documents/files ● A ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentation which can be shared with your colleagues for feedback. The presentation can include links to performance data with additional speaker notes and a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The presentation slides for the findings should be submitted with speaker notes as one copy. ● An extended guidebook or detailed report that provides more thorough, evaluated or critically reviewed technical information on all of the topics covered in the presentation. Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor. ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/. ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS. Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student.

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria (Assignment 1): Learning Outcome Pass Merit Distinction LO1 (^) P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed. P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website. M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and management. M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidence-based support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimisation. D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom built website. LO2 (^) P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers. P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI). M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom built website.

Table of Contents

• Unit 10: Website Design and Development ASSIGNMENT
• Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)......................................................................................................................................
  • Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing.........................................................................................
• ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWERS.......................................................................................................................................
• managed.................................................................................................................................................................. P1. Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and
  • 1. Introduction to DNS.....................................................................................................................................
    • 1.1. What is DNS.......................................................................................................................................
    • 1.2. Types of DNS......................................................................................................................................
  • 2. How domain names are organised and managed......................................................................................
• and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.................................... P2. Explain the purpose and relationship between communication protocol, sever hardware, operating systems
  • 1. Communication protocols..........................................................................................................................
    • 1.1. Definition.........................................................................................................................................
    • 1.2. Purpose............................................................................................................................................
    • 1.3. Some protocol used in website.......................................................................................................
  • 2. Server hardwares.......................................................................................................................................
    • 2.1. Definition.........................................................................................................................................
    • 2.2. Purpose............................................................................................................................................
    • 2.3. Examples..........................................................................................................................................
  • 3. Operating systems.....................................................................................................................................
    • 3.1. Definition.........................................................................................................................................
    • 3.2. Purpose............................................................................................................................................
    • 3.3. Common OS.....................................................................................................................................
      • 3.3.1. Windows Server....................................................................................................................
      • 3.3.2. Mac OS X Server....................................................................................................................
      • 3.3.3. Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL).....................................................................................................
  • 4. Web server softwares................................................................................................................................
    • 4.1. Apache.............................................................................................................................................
    • 4.2. Apache Tomcat................................................................................................................................
    • 4.3. Microsoft IIS.....................................................................................................................................
  • server software.............................................................................................................................................. 5. Explain the relationship between Communication protocol, Sever hardware, Operating systems and Web
    • 5.1. Communication protocol.................................................................................................................
    • 5.2. Server Hardware..............................................................................................................................
    • 5.3. Operating System............................................................................................................................
    • 5.4. Web server software.......................................................................................................................
  • 6. How to publishing and accessing a website on internet............................................................................
    • 6.1. Publishing a website on internet.....................................................................................................
    • 6.2. Accessing a website on internet......................................................................................................
• how there relate to presentation and application layers...................................................................................... P3. Discuss the capabilities and relationship between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain
  • 1. Front-end...................................................................................................................................................
    • 1.1. What is Front-end............................................................................................................................
    • 1.2. Common front-end technologies.....................................................................................................
  • 2. Back-end....................................................................................................................................................
    • 2.1. What is Back-end.............................................................................................................................
    • 2.2. Common back-end technologies.....................................................................................................
      • 2.2.1. PHP with MySQL....................................................................................................................
      • 2.2.2. Asp.Net with C#.....................................................................................................................
      • 2.2.3. Asp.Net with SQLServer........................................................................................................
      • 2.2.4. Ruby on Rails.........................................................................................................................
      • 2.2.5. Cold Fusion............................................................................................................................
• flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience(UX) and User Interface(UI)............................................ P4. Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design
  • 1. What is UX..................................................................................................................................................
  • 2. What is UI...................................................................................................................................................
  • 3. Online website creation tools....................................................................................................................
    • 3.1. Definition.........................................................................................................................................
    • 3.2. Commons tools................................................................................................................................
  • 4. Custom build site.......................................................................................................................................
    • 4.1. Definition.........................................................................................................................................
    • 4.2. Some common custom build site....................................................................................................
  • 5. The differences between online website creation tools and custom build site.........................................
• Figure 1 What is DNS.................................................................................................................................................. Table Of Figure
• Figure 2 The DNS process step-by-step....................................................................................................................
• Figure 3 Server Board...............................................................................................................................................
• Figure 4 Processor....................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 5 RAM............................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 6 Hard Drive..................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 7 Raid Controller Board.................................................................................................................................
• Figure 8 Power Supply Unit......................................................................................................................................
• Figure 9 Mac OS X Server.........................................................................................................................................
• Figure 10 Present Layers..........................................................................................................................................
• Figure 11 UX.............................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 12 UI..............................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 13 WIX...........................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 14 TECNAM...................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 15 21 Capital..................................................................................................................................................

ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWERS P1. Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed.

1. Introduction to DNS 1.1. What is DNS Domain Name Server (DNS) is a standard protocol that helps Internet users discover websites using human readable addresses. Like a phonebook which lets you look up the name of a person and discover their number, DNS lets you type the address of a website and automatically discover the Internet Protocol (IP) address for that website. Without DNS, the Internet would collapse - it would be impossible for people and machines to access Internet servers via the friendly URLs they have come to know. For example, the domain name www.ns1.com you are viewing now, translates to the IP address 104.20.48.182 (in the old IPv4 format) or 2002:6814:30b6:0:0:0:0:0 (in the newer IPv6 format). Figure 1 What is DNS 1.2. Types of DNS There are two primary types of services that DNS servers provide: Authoritative DNS and Recursive DNS. Both are integral to the DNS infrastructure, but each serves a different purpose during a DNS query. The recursive DNS server at the beginning and the authoritative DNS server at the end of the DNS query.

• In turn, the resolver then sends the information request to the Top-Level Domain server (In this case, the “.com” TLD nameserver).
• The TLD name server responds to the resolver with the targeted IP address of the domain’s nameserver. (In this case, the DNS server for “facebook.com”.)
• Next, the DNS recursive resolver sends the query to the domain’s DNS server.
• Next, the DNS recursive resolver sends the query to the domain’s DNS server.
• The domain’s DNS server then returns the IP address to the DNS resolver for the requested domain (e.g., “facebook.com”.
• Finally, the DNS resolver returns the IP address of the requested domain to the requesting web browser. The browser sends the HTTPS request to the targeted IP address, and the server with that address returns the webpage, which renders in the user’s browser. **Figure 2 The DNS process step-by-step P2. Explain the purpose and relationship between communication protocol, sever hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website

1. Communication protocols 1.1. Definition** Network protocols are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, and thus play a critical role in modern digital communications.

1.2. Purpose Similar to the way that speaking the same language simplifies communication between two people, network protocols make it possible for devices to interact with each other because of predetermined rules built into devices’ software and hardware. Neither local area networks (LAN) nor wide area networks (WAN) could function the way they do today without the use of network protocols. 1.3. Some protocol used in website Here are a few examples of the most commonly used network protocols:  Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP ): This Internet Protocol defines how data is transmitted over the internet and determines how web servers and browsers should respond to commands. This protocol (or its secure counterpart, HTTPS) appears at the beginning of various URLs or web addresses online.  Secure Socket Shell (SSH) : This protocol provides secure access to a computer, even if it’s on an unsecured network. SSH is particularly useful for network administrators who need to manage different systems remotely.  Short Message Service (SMS) : This communications protocol was created to send and receive text messages over cellular networks. SMS refers exclusively to text-based messages. Pictures, videos or other media require Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), an extension of the SMS protocol.

2. Server hardwares 2.1. Definition Basically, a physical server has a server system structure like a regular PC. However, there are certain differences between the components of server hardware and PC hardware 2.2. Purpose A hardware server is a physical machine that has been configured to run an application or applications, such as web servers. Software servers can be used for multiple purposes including web hosting, email and chat services, file sharing, and databases. 2.3. Examples 2.3.1. Server board The chip set of the main server is always completely different from the PC because of its extremely strong virtualization support. These must be server- specific chips with specialized virtualization capabilities, especially with the

Figure 4 Processor 2.3.3. Memory (RAM) In the market, you can find DDR RAM I, II with Bus 400, 800, etc. Actually, RAM for server is similar but with ECC feature added. Figure 5 RAM  What are the advantages of EEC? When a collision occurs, RAM ECC simply requests to resend the correct packet that crashed. You will reduce risks and operating costs because ECC RAM is very stable. EEC helps your computer not to hang, dump blue screen when any 1 bit is faulty during data processing. Furthermore, these RAMs are hot-swappable for replacement when damaged without having to shut down the system. However, the motherboard must support this new RAM standard to be able to use this RAM 2.3.4. Hard Drive (HDD) To ensure the ability to store extremely high volumes of data, the hard drive and the speed of the hard drive are always a top concern. The storage capacity and rotation speed of dedicated hard drives for servers are always much higher than those of PC hard drives.

Figure 6 Hard Drive 2.3.5. Raid Controller Board This is an important component of server hardware in a modern server. This controller board will combine the hard drives into a unified whole with backup mechanisms. In the event of a physical failure, these fail-proof backup mechanisms keep your data safe. Depending on the board, the ability to support different levels of Raid. Two levels that are common in most servers are Raid 1 and Raid 5. However, you may not need to retrofit as some server boards already have this controller chip built in. Figure 7 Raid Controller Board 2.3.6. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

cloud computing. The obvious advantage:

• Windows Server is developed and sold by Microsoft. The company continually provides support and updates. Users who are familiar with Windows will find themselves comfortably using Windows Server.
• Most people using Windows Server hosting utilize Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. This is the main reason why people are turning to Windows Server hosting.
• Users can develop a web site using familiar Microsoft tool interfaces such as Microsoft FrontPage, Visual Interdev, and Microsoft Access.
• With ASP, users can develop a database-driven web site using Microsoft Access and Microsoft SQL as the database. The disadvantages :
• Unlike UNIX, Windows Server requires more system resources. You need a powerful machine to run Windows Server.
• Windows Server does not have a good reputation in terms of server stability. Windows Server needs rebooting more frequent than UNIX.
• If you are using Windows Server hosting services, you may find yourself investing a lot of money in development tools and most of them are Microsoft products. The costs of the applications that can run on your web site are usually higher than UNIX.
• For example, you can find a lot of free scripts to run web board, chat room, web stats, email (and more) for your UNIX-based web site, but you won't find many free applications in Windows Server world. 3.3.2. Mac OS X Server Mac OS X Server version 10.4 Tiger gives you everything you need to manage servers in a mixed-platform environment and to congure, deploy, and manage powerful network services. Featuring the renowned Mac OS X interface, Mac OS X Server streamlines your management tasks with applications and utilities that are robust yet easy to use. Apple’s award-winning server software brings people and data together in innovative ways. Whether you want to empower users with instant messaging and blogging, gain greater control over email, reduce the cost and hassle of updating software, or build your own distributed supercomputer, Mac OS X Server v10.4 has the tools you need.

Figure 9 Mac OS X Server 3.3.3. Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a distribution of the Linux operating system developed for the business market. RHEL was formerly known as Red Hat Linux Advanced Server. RHEL is based on free, open source code. Although Red Hat makes its source code available for download, verbatim copying of the distribution is forbidden. The RHEL operating system (OS) supports diverse workloads in physical, virtualized and cloud environments. RHEL editions are available for servers, mainframe, SAP applications, desktops and OpenStack. Advantages of RHEL:

• It has a really easy way to fix security issues, just "yum update" and you're ready
• [ Red Hat Enterprise Linux] (RHEL) is widely supported by vendors, so there's no need to compile drivers, modules, or applications from source to have a ready-to-use solution
• The way [ Red Hat Enterprise Linux] (RHEL) is supported help us to have a long server lifecycle (10 years), which simplify a lot our compliance Disadvantages of RHEL:
• [ Red Hat Enterprise Linux] (RHEL) should be more flexible with mount point, it is common to see a stuck server during booting because [of] a missing non-essential disk/volume/partition, it should at least permit (if possible) a remote (ssh) login to see what happened.