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ASVAB Mechanical Comprehension
Typology: Exams
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Force โ Ans - Any influence that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction, or a change in shape. (a push or pull) Velocity โ Ans - Speed in a given direction Acceleration โ Ans - A change in velocity; the rate of change of velocity with time. Force = Mass x Acceleration โ Ans - Mathematical formula to determine Force For every action (force) in nature, there is an equal (in size) and opposite (in direction) reaction. (i.e. if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A) โ Ans - Isaac Newton's 3rd Law of Motion Action & Reaction forces โ Ans - Forces always come in pairs, known as ___ & ___ forces. As the propellers turn, they push the water behind the boat (action). The water reacts by pushing the boat forward (reaction). โ Ans - Motorboat Action & Reaction force example Vector Scalar โ Ans - Mathematical quantities that are used to describe the motion of objects can be divided into two categories. The quantity is either a ___ or a ___. Vector โ Ans - Forces are ___ quantities.
Increase Reduce โ Ans - Forces applied in the same direction as other forces ___ the total force, and forces that move in opposite directions ___ the total force. (note: an object can be acted on by several different forces at any one time) Scalar quantity (e.g. 256 bytes; 5 m) โ Ans - Quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone. Equilibrium โ Ans - The condition of a system in which competing influences are Balanced. When 2 or more forces interact so that their combination cancels the other(s) out. โ Ans - When does a state of Equilibrium occur? Rightward balanced by Leftward forces Upward balanced by Downward forces โ Ans - Forces are considered to be balanced if the ___ forces are balanced by the ___ forces and the ___ forces are balanced by the ___ forces. Pressure โ Ans - The force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object; measurement of force over an area P โ Ans - Symbol for Pressure Pounds per square inch (psi) โ Ans - Pressure is usually measured in ___. Pressure = Force (in pounds) / Area (in inches) โ Ans - Formula to solve for Pressure Barometer โ Ans - Gauge that measures atmospheric pressure 14.7 psi โ Ans - Normal atmospheric pressure is ___ psi.
the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (i.e. every object in the universe attracts every other object in the universe) โ Ans - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation F = G(m1 m2 / r^2) Where: F is the force between the masses, G is the gravitational constant, m1 is the first mass, m2 is the second mass, and r is the distance between the masses. โ Ans - Newton's law of universal gravitation to calculate Force Mass Distance โ Ans - (Gravity) The amount (force) of attraction between objects depends on what 2 things? Downward โ Ans - Gravity pulls objects ___ to toward the center of the Earth. Tension Force โ Ans - The force transmitted through a rope, string, or wire when force is applied to both ends. (note: equally pulls on the objects at both ends) Pounds-force or newtons (N); 4.45 newtons equal 1 pound-force โ Ans - Unit of measure for Tension Force Elastic Recoil โ Ans - If you exert a force on a solid shape, it responds by exerting a force in the opposite direction. This force is called ___. When a force (usually measured in pounds) moving over a measurable distance (usually measured in feet) overcomes a resistance. โ Ans - When does Work happen?
Foot-pound โ Ans - Unit of measure for Work in the U.S. One-foot pound of work occurs when a 1-pound weight is lifted to a height of 1 foot โ Ans - When does 1 foot-pound of work occur? Work = Force x Distance โ Ans - Formula to solve for work Effort โ Ans - The Force applied to an object to cause work Work โ Ans - The result of effort Power โ Ans - The rate of work Power = Work / Time (note: work measured in foot-pounds; time measured in minutes; power measured in foot-pounds per minute) โ Ans - Formula to solve for power Horsepower (hp) โ Ans - Unit of measure for power is commonly put in terms of ___. Horsepower โ Ans - Derived from the estimate that an average horse can do 33,000 foot-pounds of work in one minute. 33,000 foot-pounds per minute โ Ans - 1 horsepower = ___ foot-pounds per minute 550 foot-pounds per second โ Ans - 1 horsepower = ___ foot-pounds per second Machines โ Ans - Give you the ability to magnify and change the direction of forces. Mechanical advantage โ Ans - When a machine multiplies the force you use.
Wedges โ Ans - Form of inclined plane that can multiply your effort in much the same way as a ramp can Screws โ Ans - Inclined planes in spiral form Screw jack โ Ans - Tool used to lift houses up to build a new foundation that are a combination of a lever and an inclined plane Pulleys and Gears โ Ans - Simple machines that can be used to change the magnitude (size) and direction of force. Elevator Escalator Wind up watch โ Ans - Examples of use of pulleys and gears Block and Tackle โ Ans - a system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads; can also be used to change the direction of your pull. Reduce โ Ans - A block and tackle system can be used to ___ effort by magnifying force. To transmit motion from one place to another โ Ans - The purpose of using gears. Can be used to Change direction, Increase or decrease speed, or increase or decrease force โ Ans - Advantages of using gears True โ Ans - True or False Gears arranged in a series turn in the opposite direction of each other. Even โ Ans - If you have a/an ___ number of gears connected in a series, the first and last gear turn in OPPOSITE directions.
Odd โ Ans - If you have a/an ___ number of gears in a series, the first and last gear spin the the SAME direction. Teeth โ Ans - The speed at which a gear rotates (in relation to the driving gear connected to it) depends on the number of ___. Bevel gears โ Ans - Gears that can be used to connect gears that have shafts at different angles; used when gear shafts aren't parallel to one another. Same โ Ans - Turning directions of pulley & belt system: Unless the driving belt is reversed (twisted), pulleys connected in series rotate in the ___ direction. Diameter โ Ans - Speed of rotation of pulley & belt system: How fast a pulley rotates depends on the ___ of the pulley in relation to the ___ of the pulley that's driving it. Wheel-and-axle โ Ans - This machine multiplies the effort you use, producing greater force R / 1/2W = S / E (R is radius of wheel's circle, W is width of drill tip, S is resistance offered by material, E is force required to turn handle) โ Ans - Formula for Mechanical Advantage of wheel-and-axle Pitch โ Ans - The distance between the ridges of the spiral on a screw found in a vise Farther โ Ans - The greater the pitch of the thread, the ___ the jaws of the vice more for each revolution. More โ Ans - Larger pitches require ___ force to rotate the handle than screws with smaller pitches.