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ATI MATERNAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 MASTER
SOLUTION DIGEST
◉Common discomforts of pregnancy. Answer: Nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, UTI, fatigue, heartburn, constipation, hemorrhoids, backaches, shortness of breath, leg cramps, varicose veins and lower-extremity edema, gingivitis, nasal stuffiness, and epistaxis, braxton hicks contractions, and supine hypotension ◉Risk factors that could affect adequate nutrition. Answer: Age, culture, education, and socioeconomic issues ◉Reasons for a biophysical profile. Answer: Premature rupture of membranes, maternal infection, decreased fetal movement, intrauterine growth restriction ◉Goodell's sign. Answer: Softening of cervical tip ◉First trimester danger signs. Answer: Burning on urination, severe vomiting, diarrhea, fever or chills, and abdominal cramping or vaginal bleeding
◉Maternal PKU. Answer: Maternal genetic disease in which high levels of phenylalanine pose a danger to the fetus ◉Interpretation of BPP findings. Answer: Assesses fetal well-being by measuring 5 variables with a score of 2 for each normal finding and 0 for each abnormal finding for each variable ◉Variables of a BPP. Answer: FHR, fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume ◉Second and third trimester danger signs. Answer: Gush of fluid from the vagina prior to 37 weeks, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, changes in fetal activity, persistent vomiting, severe headaches, elevated temperature, dysuria, blurred vision, edema of face and hands, epigasric pain ◉If a client does not like milk what other source of calcium can be recommended?. Answer: Dark green leafy vegetables ◉Positive signs. Answer: Changes that can be explained only by pregnancy ◉Examples of positive signs. Answer: Fetal heart sounds, visualization of fetus by ultrasound, and fetal movement
◉Procedure of NST. Answer: A Doppler transducer and a tocotransducer are attached externally to a cleint's abdomen to obtain tracing strips. The client pushes a button attached to the monitor whenever she feels a fetal movement, which is then noted on the tracing ◉What should the nurse include in teaching about nausea during the first trimester?. Answer: Eat crackers or plain toast before getting out of bed ◉Higher levels of hCG. Answer: Can indicate multifetal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, or a genetic abnormality such as Down Syndrome ◉Lower levels of hCG. Answer: Might suggest a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy ◉A client who is at 8 weeks of gestation tells the nurse that she isn't sure she is happy about being pregnant. What should the nurse say in response?. Answer: It is normal to have these feelings during the first few months of pregnancy ◉Disadvantages of an NST. Answer: High rate of false nonreactive results with the fetal movement response blunted by sleep cycles of the fetus, fetal immaturity, maternal medications, and nicotine use disorder
◉Nagele's rule. Answer: Take the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle, subtract 3 months, and then add 7 days and 1 year ◉Reasons for an NST. Answer: Decreased fetal movement, intrauterine growth restriction, postmaturity, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, maternal chronic hypertension, history of previous fetal demise, advanced maternal age, sickle cell disease, and isoiummunization ◉Gravidity. Answer: number of pregnancies ◉Interpretation of NST findings. Answer: Reactive if FHR is a normal baseline rate with moderate variability, accelerate at least 15/min for at least 15 seconds and occurs two or more times during a 20 minute period. Nonreactive if does not demonstrate at least two qualifying accelerations in a 20-min window ◉Nulligravida. Answer: A woman who has never been pregnant ◉Nipple-stimulated contraction test. Answer: When a woman lightly brushes her palm across her palm across her nipple for 2 min, which causes the pituitary gland to release endogenous oxytocin, and then stopping the nipple stimulation when a contraction begins
◉Primipara. Answer: Has completed one pregnancy to stage of viability ◉Positive CST. Answer: Abnormal finding, indicated with persistent and consistent late decelerations with 50% or more of the contractions, may indicate uteroplacental insufficiency ◉Multipara. Answer: Has completed two or more pregnancies to stage of viability ◉Amniocentesis. Answer: The aspiration of amniotic fluid for analysis by insertion of a needle transabdominally into a client's uterus and amniotic sac under direct ultrasound guidance ◉Viability. Answer: The point in time when an infant has the capacity to survive outside the uterus ◉AFP. Answer: Alpha-fetoprotein, level determines fetal abnormalities ◉Cardiovascular changes. Answer: Cardiac output increases 30-50% and blood volume increases 30-45%, and heart rate increases
◉Use of AFP. Answer: Can be used to assess for neural tube defects in the fetus or chormosomal disorders ◉Blood pressure changes. Answer: Only a slight decrease in diastolic pressure around 24-32 weeks ◉High levels of AFP. Answer: Associated with neural tube defects, such as anencephaly, spina bifida, or omphalocele ◉Chloasma. Answer: An increase of pigmentation on the face ◉Low levels of AFP. Answer: Associated with chromosomal disorders, such as down syndrome, or gestational trophoblastic disease ◉Linea Nigra. Answer: Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area ◉Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. Answer: A 2:1 ratio indicates fetal lung maturity ◉Striae Gravidarum. Answer: Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and thighs
◉Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Answer: Assessment of a portion of the developing placenta which is aspirated through a thin sterile catheter or syringe, first trimester alternative to amniocentesis ◉A client is experiencing maternal hypotension and asks why this is happening what should the nurse say?. Answer: This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava ◉Quad marker screening. Answer: A blood test that ascertains information about the likelihood of fetal birth defects, but does not diagnose the actual defect ◉Tests included in quad marker screening. Answer: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Estriol, and Inhibin A ◉Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP). Answer: A screening tool used to detect neural tube defects ◉A nurse is reviewing findings of a BPP, what variables are included?. Answer: Fetal breathing movement, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume ◉Which test should be used to assess fetal lung maturity. Answer: Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
◉A client asks why a nurse is using an acoustic vibration device, what should the nurse's response be?. Answer: It awakens a sleeping fetus ◉Which information should the nurse include in the teaching about an amniocentesis. Answer: You should empty your bladder prior to the procedure ◉What are the indications for a CST?. Answer: Decreased fetal movement, intrauterine growth restriction (UGR), postmaturity
