BIOS242 STUDY GUIDE 2026 MASTER
SOLUTION DIGEST
◉Ribosomes. Answer: Structures composed of RNA and protein that
are the site of protein synthesis.
◉Nucleoid. Answer: A dense area of the cytoplasm where bacterial
chromosomes are aggregated.
◉Endospores. Answer: Structures that protect genetic material
during harsh conditions. Composed of calcium and dipicolinic acid.
Resistant to heating, drying, freezing, chemicals, and even different
types of radiation.
◉Plasmids. Answer: Separate, nonessential, double-stranded circles
of DNA. These are in addition to the essential chromosomes.
◉Archaea. Answer: Organisms with cell walls composed of
chemicals other than peptidoglycan. These chemicals may be
polysaccharides or proteins. Additionally, the ribosomal RNA of
these organisms is distinct from that of bacteria. They are not known
to cause any disease.
