BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
what are the 5 major groups of microorganisms? - ANSWER-1) bacteria (prokaryote)
2) fungi (eukaryote) -> yeast & mold
3) viruses
4) Protozoa (eukaryote)
5) Algae
the cytoplasmic membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that .... - ANSWER-1) acts as a
barrier to the environment
2) facilitates transport in and out of the cell
3) has extensive metabolic activity
What is peptidoglycan? - ANSWER-a network of sugar polymers cross-linked by
polypeptides (NAM-NAG)
Which type of bacteria contain a very thick layer of peptidoglycan? - ANSWER-gram
positive
which type of bacteria contain an inner and an outer membrane? - ANSWER-gram
negative
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - ANSWER-Molecule that makes up the outer layer of the
outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
O-antigen - ANSWER-immune activator from LPS that is responsible for many signs of
inflammatory syndrome
what are the three bacterial shapes? - ANSWER-bacillus (rod)
coccus (sphere)
spirillus (spiral)
what are 4 types of special bacteria? - ANSWER-1) naturally variant streptococci
2) bacterial L forms
3) bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall
4) obligate intracellular bacteria
bacterial L forms - ANSWER-temporary artificially induced variants of bacteria that lose
their cell wall due to environmental factors such as abx exposure
obligate intracellular bacteria - ANSWER-bacteria that can't live outside the host and
must replicate within it
- rickettsiae and chlamydia
