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Question 1. Which HTML5 element is most appropriate for enclosing the primary navigation links of a website? A) B) C) D) Answer: B Explanation: The element is semantically intended for a block of major navigation links. **Question 2.** In the HTML5 doctype declaration, what does the term “html” signify? A) The version of HTML being used (HTML5) B) The language of the document C) The root element of the document D) The character encoding of the page Answer: C Explanation: “html” tells the browser that the document’s root element is `` and triggers standards mode. Question 3. Which of the following global attributes can be used on any HTML element to provide additional information to assistive technologies? A) data-* B) title C) lang D) accesskey Answer: B Explanation: The title attribute offers advisory information and is exposed to screen readers.
Question 4. Which input type provides built‑in validation for a correctly formatted email address? A) type="text" B) type="email" C) type="url" D) type="search" Answer: B Explanation: type="email" triggers browser validation that the entered string matches an email pattern. Question 5. In a form, which attribute pairs a element with its corresponding control? A) `for` on the label and `id` on the control B) `name` on the label and `id` on the control C) `class` on the label and `name` on the control D) `href` on the label and `src` on the control Answer: A Explanation: The `for` attribute’s value must match the `id` of the associated form control. **Question 6.** Which CSS selector selects every element that has a required attribute, regardless of its value? A) input[required] B) input:required C) input.required D) input[required="true"] Answer: A
Answer: C Explanation: display: flex initiates the Flexbox layout model for its children. Question 10. In CSS Grid, what does the grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; declaration do? A) Creates two columns, the first twice as wide as the second B) Creates two columns, the second twice as wide as the first C) Creates a single column that spans the full width D) Creates two rows, not columns Answer: B Explanation: fr units allocate free space proportionally; 2fr gets twice the width of 1fr. Question 11. Which JavaScript keyword creates a block‑scoped variable that cannot be reassigned? A) var B) let C) const D) static Answer: C Explanation: const declares a constant reference; attempts to reassign cause a runtime error. Question 12. What will the following code output?
let x = 0; for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) { x += i; } console.log(x);
A) 0 B) 1 C) 3 D) 6 Answer: C Explanation: The loop adds 0 + 1 + 2 = 3 to x. Question 13. Which of the following is a correct arrow function that returns the square of its argument? A) x => { return x * x; } B) x => x * x; C) (x) => { x * x } D) => (x) x * x Answer: A Explanation: Option A includes braces and an explicit return. Option B is also valid but lacks parentheses; however both are correct—A is the safest answer. Question 14. Which DOM method returns a live HTMLCollection of elements with the class name “card”? A) document.querySelectorAll('.card') B) document.getElementsByClassName('card') C) document.getElementById('card') D) document.getElementsByTagName('card') Answer: B
Explanation: Mobile‑first means writing default styles for small screens, then enhancing with min‑width queries. Question 18. Which CSS property makes an image scale proportionally to its container’s width while preserving its aspect ratio? A) width: 100%; height: auto; B) width: auto; height: 100%; C) object-fit: fill; D) max-width: none; Answer: A Explanation: Setting width to 100% and height to auto maintains the original aspect ratio. Question 19. Which of the following statements about Flexbox’s justify-content: space- between; is true? A) Items are centered vertically within the container. B) The first item is flush with the start edge, the last with the end edge, and remaining items are evenly spaced. C) All items receive equal space on both sides. D) Items are stacked on top of each other. Answer: B Explanation: space-between distributes free space between items, leaving no space at the container edges. Question 20. Which tool can automatically add vendor prefixes to CSS rules during build time? A) Babel B) PostCSS with autoprefixer C) ESLint
D) Webpack dev server Answer: B Explanation: autoprefixer is a PostCSS plugin that inserts necessary vendor prefixes based on browser data. Question 21. Which of the following is a primary advantage of using a CDN for static assets? A) Reduces server‑side processing time B) Guarantees 100 % uptime C) Serves content from locations geographically closer to the user, lowering latency D) Eliminates the need for SSL/TLS Answer: C Explanation: CDNs cache assets at edge nodes, delivering them faster to end users. Question 22. Which image format provides lossless compression and is ideal for icons and logos? A) JPEG B) GIF C) SVG D) WebP Answer: C Explanation: SVG is a vector format that scales without loss and is perfect for crisp icons. Question 23. What does “lazy loading” refer to in web performance optimization? A) Loading all resources after the DOM is fully parsed B) Deferring the download of non‑critical resources (e.g., images) until they are needed C) Pre‑fetching every page in a site’s navigation tree
Answer: C Explanation: PATCH applies partial modifications and, when repeated, yields the same result (idempotent). Question 27. In an Express.js application, what is the purpose of middleware? A) To directly render HTML templates B) To handle static file serving only C) To execute code during the request‑response cycle, such as parsing bodies or authentication D) To replace the routing system entirely Answer: C Explanation: Middleware functions intercept requests, perform actions, and then pass control onward. Question 28. Which SQL statement correctly adds a new column named birthdate of type DATE to an existing table users? A) ALTER TABLE users ADD birthdate DATE; B) UPDATE users SET birthdate = DATE; C) INSERT INTO users (birthdate) VALUES (DATE); D) CREATE COLUMN birthdate DATE ON users; Answer: A Explanation: ALTER TABLE … ADD is the syntax for adding columns. Question 29. In a relational database, which keyword is used to retrieve only distinct rows from a query? A) UNIQUE B) DISTINCT C) ONLY
D) SEPARATE
Answer: B Explanation: SELECT DISTINCT column FROM table; eliminates duplicate rows. Question 30. Which NoSQL database model stores data as JSON‑like documents? A) Key‑Value store B) Column‑family store C) Document store D) Graph database Answer: C Explanation: Document databases (e.g., MongoDB) keep data in BSON/JSON documents. Question 31. Which HTTP status code indicates that the client must authenticate itself to get the requested response? A) 200 OK B) 301 Moved Permanently C) 401 Unauthorized D) 403 Forbidden Answer: C Explanation: 401 signals that authentication is required and has failed or not been provided. Question 32. Which of the following is a characteristic of a RESTful API? A) Uses only XML for payloads B. Requires SOAP envelopes C) Operates over HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and is stateless D) Must be hosted on port 8080
Answer: C Explanation: Setting SameSite=Strict or Lax on cookies prevents them from being sent with cross‑origin requests. Question 36. Which of the following is a proper way to hash a password before storing it in a database? A) MD B) SHA‑ 1 C) bcrypt D) Base64 encoding Answer: C Explanation: bcrypt is designed for password hashing with built‑in salting and work factor. Question 37. What does the Content-Security-Policy header primarily protect against? A) Man‑in‑the‑middle attacks B) Cross‑Site Scripting and data injection C) SQL injection D) Directory traversal Answer: B Explanation: CSP restricts sources for scripts, styles, and other resources, reducing XSS risk. Question 38. Which protocol is used to encrypt HTTP traffic? A) FTP B) TLS/SSL C) SMTP D) SSH Answer: B
Explanation: HTTPS is HTTP over TLS (formerly SSL). Question 39. Which Git command stages all modified and deleted files for the next commit? A) git add . B) git commit - a C) git push D) git stash Answer: A Explanation: git add . adds changes in the current directory recursively. Question 40. In Git, what does the command git merge --no-ff feature accomplish? A) Fast‑forward merges without creating a merge commit B) Forces a merge commit even when a fast‑forward is possible C) Rebases the feature branch onto master D) Deletes the feature branch after merging Answer: B Explanation: --no-ff creates an explicit merge commit to preserve history. Question 41. Which npm script command runs the script named “build” defined in a project's package.json? A) npm start build B) npm run build C) npm exec build D) npm build Answer: B Explanation: npm run executes custom scripts.
Question 45. Which ARIA attribute explicitly defines the role of a custom widget as a dialog? A) role="alert" B) aria-dialog="true" C) role="dialog" D) aria-modal="true" Answer: C Explanation: role="dialog" informs assistive technologies that the element behaves like a modal dialog. Question 46. Which HTML element provides the most semantic meaning for a block of introductory content? A) B) C) D) Answer: C Explanation: `` denotes introductory or navigational content for its nearest sectioning element. Question 47. When testing with a screen reader, which keyboard shortcut typically reads the current element on macOS VoiceOver? A) Ctrl + Alt + N B) Ctrl + Option + Space C) Shift + F10 D) Alt + S Answer: B
Explanation: Ctrl + Option + Space (VO + Space) triggers the “Speak” command. Question 48. Which CSS property controls the minimum contrast ratio between text and its background? A) color-contrast B) contrast C) filter: contrast() D) None; contrast is defined in WCAG guidelines, not CSS Answer: D Explanation: Contrast requirements are guidelines; CSS does not have a native property to enforce them. Question 49. Which of the following HTML attributes improves keyboard navigation by defining the tab order? A) accesskey B) tabindex C) role D) aria-label Answer: B Explanation: tabindex sets an element’s position in the sequential focus order. Question 50. Which of the following best describes the “fixed” positioning scheme in CSS? A) The element scrolls with the page but stays relative to its parent. B) The element is positioned relative to the viewport and does not move when scrolling. C) The element is positioned relative to the document flow. D) The element is positioned absolutely within its nearest positioned ancestor. Answer: B
Question 54. Which of the following statements about the let keyword is false? A) Variables declared with let are block‑scoped. B) let variables are hoisted but not initialized. C) Redeclaring a let variable in the same scope is allowed. D) let can be used without an initial value. Answer: C Explanation: Redeclaring a let in the same block throws a SyntaxError. Question 55. Which method clones a DOM node, including all its descendant nodes? A) node.copy() B) node.cloneNode(true) C) node.duplicate() D) node.clone(true) Answer: B Explanation: cloneNode(true) performs a deep clone; false would be shallow. Question 56. Which of the following is a correct way to prevent the default form submission behavior in an event handler? A) event.stopPropagation(); B) event.preventDefault(); C) return false; (outside of a listener) D) event.cancel(); Answer: B Explanation: preventDefault() stops the browser’s default action for the event.
Question 57. Which CSS property is used to create a multi‑column layout without Flexbox or Grid? A) column-count B) float C) display: multi-column D) flex-direction Answer: A Explanation: column-count (and related properties) splits content into columns. Question 58. Which of the following statements about the async attribute on a `
