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This course includes logic operators, gates, combinational and sequential circuits are studied along with their constituent elements comprising adders, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, as well as latches, flip-flops, counters and registers. This lecture includes: Binary, Codes, Distinct, Combinations, Subtraction, Decimal, Digits, Addition, Gray, Excess, 3, ASCII, Character
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complement of the subtrahend (– 13) to give (+ 13)
binary code (binary representation).
up to 2 n distinct combinations of 1’s and 0’s. Each distinct combination represents a single symbol in the computer.
9 as a single 4-bit binary value.
than 1001 (9), the corresponding BCD value is correct.
(10), the result is an invalid BCD value. To overcome the invalid BCD value add 0110 (6) to the result to obtain the BCD representation and also produces a carry as required. The use of 0110 (6) works because the difference between a carry in the most significant bit position of the binary sum and a decimal carry differ by 16-10 = 6.
BCD arithmetic involving negative numbers uses the 10’s complement for representing the negative numbers including the sign digit. 0 (0000) represents a positive sign and 9 (1001) represents a negative sign As an example, imagine we want to add (+257) + (-160) = + Note: To obtain 10’s complement of a BCD number, we first take the 9’s complement (by subtraction of each digit from 9) and then add one to least significant digit
represent the digital data when it is converted from analog data
sequence is that only one bit in the code group changes when going from one number to the next
n u m b e r o f b i t s c h a n g i n g w h e n g o i n g f r o m o n e number to the next: In Gray code it is always 1 bit.
(ASCII) uses seven bits to code 128 characters, representing the alphabets, decimal numbers, and various other symbols. The following ASCII chart allows you to specify the characters in decimal representation by concatenating the column headings to the row headings. For example, the character 5 is represented in binary as 0110101
