Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
BIOL 1013 BRCC Final Questions With Correct Answers| 2026/27 Updated
Typology: Exams
1 / 16
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
What are the steps of the scientific method?
it can be tested through experimentation. if results prove false then the hypothesis is ruled out if data supports it then hypothesis will be accepted until further testing shows otherwise what provides for a better more confident conclusion? by increasing the repetition of the experiment by other scientists sample size the number of experimental subjects (people) tests and the number of times an experiment is repeated increasing sample size forms what? statistical significance (results are real and not due to chance) control group experiences no experimental intervention or manipulation basis for comparison receives placebo placebo a fake treatment that mimics the experience of the experimental groups scientific theory
prokaryotic and eukaryotic contains DNA difference between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. prokaryotes dont not contain a nucleus , DNA just floats around in the cytoplasm eukaryotes contain a nucleus where the DNA is located, also contain membrane bound organelles such as nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts what is the universal solvent? is it polar or non polar? water. polar. the bonds hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together by what type of bond? covalent bond what is the bond between two water molecules? hydrogen bond. weakest type of bond what is PH? a measure of the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution
how acidic or basicity something is Most chemical reactions in cells take place at a nearly neutral pH. how much more acidic pH of 5 compared to pH of 3? each number raises a power of 10 so it would be 20 times more acidic cell theory the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells. what is a cell membrane composed of? a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and phospholipids that are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. facilitated diffusion The process by which large or hydrophilic solutes move across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of transport proteins; facilitated diffusion does not require an input of energy.
what is the difference between potential and kinetic energy? potential energy is stored energy in chemical bonds ex: such as the energy bar a cyclist eats before his race kinetic energy: is the energy of motion and heat ex: kinetic energy in the muscles of cyclist is converted into kinetic energy of wheel movement. chlorophyll is a pigment that makes the plant green and absorbs the photon light of energy; its found in the chloroplast what type of light is absorbed by chlorophyll? what type is not? red and blue light wavelengths are absorbed; green is not absorbed it is reflected what is the overall equation for photosynthesis? where does the oxygen during photosynthesis come from? Sunlight + h2o + CO2= oxygen (O2)
water is split releasing oxygen as a byproduct what is a short term energy storage molecule? long term? the body prefers to use glycogen first and then the fats. lipids such as triglycerides/fats are long term glycogen/carbs short term aerobic respiration, what are its reactants products? Glucose and Oxygen are the products ATP, CO2, Water are the reactants what are the stages of aerobic cellular respiration? step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle Step 3: Electron Transport Chain what is the end product of photosynthesis that is required for aerobic respiration? oxygen
a sequence of DNA that contains the instructions to make at least one protein; they are found on chromosomes genome mrRNA sequence after trasncription ATTGCG UAACGC ribosome a structure composed of RNA and proteins. in eukaryotes it is located on the Endoplasmic Reticulum or free floating around the cytoplasm its function is to synthesize or make proteins When are ribosomes used in the process of protein synthesis? When the cell needs to make a protein, mRNA is created in the nucleus. The mRNA is then sent out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes. When it is time to make the protein,The subunits lock onto the mRNA and start the protein synthesis what combination of genes will be needed to have goat produce human protein in its milk?
you would attach the regulatory sequence of the goat beta casein gene to the human coding sequence of antithrombin. then eject into a fertilized goat embryo and then implant the embryo into the surrogate mother. how do you determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein if you are given the sequence of the triplet code?
mitosis all cells need to replicate to remain healthy and for cell growth. once the cels replicate they need to divide mitosis is a form of cell division that occurs in a series of phases. what are the phases of mitosis? prophase- chromosomes coil up, N membrane begins to expand and mitotic spindle forms metaphase- sister chromatids of the chromosomes align more in the center along the spindle. fibers from opp. side of cell connect to the chromosomes in the center
A disease of unregulated cell division: cells divide inappropriately and accumulate, in some instances forming a tumor what are the side effects of chemotherapy? chemo and radiation kill all rapidly dividing cells in their path. the healthy ones and the cancerous ones allele an alterante form of gene mutation change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Affects structure and function of proteins what happens when mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene? the wrong nucleotide was added or inserted during DNA replication it can alter the shape of the protein which will change its function think of it like a key and a lock.
what causes mutation? mutations can arise through errors in DNA replication environmental affects such as mutagens and carcinogens, radiation, chemicals, UV light what is a homologous pair of chromosomes? a haploid cell. pairs of approximately the same length with same centromere position 23 chromosomes from the mom or dad what makes a diploid cell? two haploid cells form together during meiosis. 23 chromosome from the mom 23 from the dad form to make a zygote. 46 chromosomes how many chromosomes will a gamete contain? 23 chromosomes. 1 copy of each chromosome. haploid
polygenic inheritance A single trait determined by the interaction between alleles of more than one gene basically more than one set of genes determine the phenotype human height, skin color, hair color
