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CCMA CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE
(NHA CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE
FOR CCMA CERTIFICATION EXAM) /
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Chief complaint CC - ANSWER-The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?"
History of present illness HPI - ANSWER-Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present.
Vital Signs - ANSWER-Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________.
Normal oral temperature - ANSWER-97.6F - 99.6F
intermittent fever - ANSWER-Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures.
Remittent fever - ANSWER-fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level.
Continuous fever - ANSWER-A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate.
60-100 BPM - ANSWER-Normal pulse rate
Respirations - ANSWER-Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what?
Systole - ANSWER-contraction of the heart
Diastole - ANSWER-relaxation of the heart
Anthropometric measurements - ANSWER-Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat.
Inspection - ANSWER-General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech.
palpation - ANSWER-to examine by touch
Percussion - ANSWER-physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest.
Ausculation - ANSWER-the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment.
OSHA - ANSWER-a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment
cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ANSWER-an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression
SHOCK - ANSWER-This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body.
Symptoms of shock - ANSWER-Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________.
First aid for Shock - ANSWER-maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives
Portal of exit - ANSWER-Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva.
mode of transmission - ANSWER-contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne
Left atrium - ANSWER-the left upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins.
Left ventricle - ANSWER-the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
Aorta - ANSWER-The largest artery of the body
Pulmonary arteries - ANSWER-The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
pulmonary veins - ANSWER-the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
atrioventricular valves - ANSWER-Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral
tricuspid valve - ANSWER-between right atrium and right ventricle
mitral valve - ANSWER-between left atrium and left ventricle.
Pulmonary valve - ANSWER-between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
Aortic Valve - ANSWER-Between left ventricle and aorta
depolarization - ANSWER-sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge
repolarization - ANSWER-when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial relaxation.
SA NODE - ANSWER-the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below superior vena cava
AV node - ANSWER-Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/10 second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.
Lead I - ANSWER-Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA)
Lead II - ANSWER-Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA)
Lead III - ANSWER-Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA)
aVR - ANSWER-The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
aVL - ANSWER-The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
aVF - ANSWER-The left leg (or foot) is positive and the other limbs are negative
V1 - ANSWER-4th intercostal space, right sternal border
V2 - ANSWER-4th intercostal space, left sternal border
V3 - ANSWER-equidistant between v2 and v
V4 - ANSWER-5th intercostal space, on the left midclavicular line
V5 - ANSWER-5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
V6 - ANSWER-5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
1mm - ANSWER-1 small square on eKG grid is equal to
5mm - ANSWER-1 large square on EKG grid is equal to
1mv - ANSWER-2 large squares on EKG grid is equal to
.04 seconds or 40m seconds - ANSWER-1 small square on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
.2 seconds or 200m seconds - ANSWER-1 large square on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
1 second or 1000 m seconds - ANSWER-5 large squares on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
25mm per second - ANSWER-The running speed of an EKG is?
Horizontal axis - ANSWER-What represents time on an EKG?
Vertical axis - ANSWER-What represents amplitude on an EKG?
P Wave - ANSWER-Deflection produced by Atrial depolarization. Normal range does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.55mm in height.
Erythrocytes - ANSWER-Oxygen carrying protein RBC's
120 days - ANSWER-What is the normal lifespan of an RBC?
4.2-6.2 Million - ANSWER-How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood?
Thrombocytes - ANSWER-Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation.
140,000-440,000 - ANSWER-What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood?
Leukocytes - ANSWER-WBC that proves the body protection again infection.
5,000-10,000 - ANSWER-What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter?
Leukocytosis - ANSWER-Increased WBC's
Leukopenia - ANSWER-Decreased WBC's
Neutrophils - ANSWER-These WBC's are the most numerous and they comprise between 40-60%. of the WBC's
Lymphocytes - ANSWER-THe second most numerous WBC, comprise between 20-40% of the WBC's
Monocytes - ANSWER-Makes up 3-8% of WBC's population they are the LARGEST WBC's.
Eosinophils - ANSWER-Represent 1-3% of WBC populations. fight antibody foreign materials.
Basophils - ANSWER-Account for 0-1% of WBC's in the blood. They carry histamines to be released in case of an allergic reaction.
Hemostasis - ANSWER-The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury. Prevents blood clot formation after venipuncture
vascular stage, Platelet phase, coagulation phase, fibrinolysis - ANSWER-Name the four stages of Hemostasis.
guage, needle - ANSWER-The smaller the needle ________ is the larger the diameter of the _______ is.
needle adapters - ANSWER-Also known as hubs or needle holders; one end has a small opening that connects the needle, and the other end has a wide opening to hold the collection tube.
Winged infusion sets - ANSWER-They are used for venipuncture on small veins such as those in the hand. The are also used for venipuncture in the elderly and pediatric patients.
median cubital vein - ANSWER-The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted.
Cephalic vein - ANSWER-The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients.
Basilic Vein - ANSWER-The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured.
3-4 inches above the venipuncture site - ANSWER-Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing venipuncture?
- Blood cultures,
- light blue top tubes
- Serum (red or gray tubes)
- green top tubes
- lavender top tubes
- Gray top tubes. - ANSWER-What is the correct order of Draw?
Fasting specimens - ANSWER-Glucose Tolerance Test; Patient must have fasted and refrained from strenuous exercise for 12 hours prior tot he drawing.
2 hour postprandial - ANSWER-This test is used to evaluate diabetes melitus. Fasting glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal of ingesting a measured amount of glucose.
Blood cultures - ANSWER-8-10 mL; Are measured to detect the presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood. Tests for septicemia.
PKU - ANSWER-To test for mental retardation or brain damage.
Cold Agglutinins - ANSWER-Red topper tubes, and must be kept warm.
Toxicology - ANSWER-Analyzes poison levels of drugs and poisons
Blood type AB+ - ANSWER-is Universal Recipient
Blood type O+ - ANSWER-Universal Donor
ABGs - ANSWER-analysis of aterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases; transport on ice
Anuria - ANSWER-The absence of urine
Hematuria - ANSWER-The presence of blood in the urine
Polyuria - ANSWER-The passage of large volumes of urine
First morning urine sample - ANSWER-The type of specimen that is most commonly used for routine analysis and HCG (pregnancy) test
Mid-stream Specimen - ANSWER-A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of urination.
Clean-catch specimen - ANSWER-A C&S specimen that requires special cleaning of the external genitalia prior to collection.
anuria - ANSWER-Little to no urine output.
Hemoccult fecal occult test - ANSWER-Detect imperceptible blood in stool. The first and last portion of the stool after a bowel movement.
Invasion of privacy - ANSWER-This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission.
C&S stool specimen - ANSWER-specimen needs to be protected from contamination; instruct patients to avoid urinating while collecting the specimen
nocturia - ANSWER-urination at night
Appendix A - ANSWER-Section where special coding instructions are found
peak flow meter - ANSWER-A take home device used to test respiratory function
transdermal patches - ANSWER-A method of administering topical medication slowly and cosistently
Hematemesis - ANSWER-vomit blood
sigmoidoscope - ANSWER-An instrument used to view the sigmoid portion of the large intestine that is inserted rectally
Apical pulse - ANSWER-A method of determining heart rate by placing the stethoscope over the apex of the heart; commonly used for infants
Hypoglycemic emergency - ANSWER-A serious condition in which a patient's blood sugar drops critically low; giving the patient orange juice is a common method used to restore appropriate blood sugar level
POL testing - ANSWER-Physician office lab testing that is usually CLIA waved and can be performed by a medical assistant
VDRL and TB - ANSWER-Communicable diseases in which the infected patient 's information can be released to an outside source
Hemothorax - ANSWER-Blood in the chest cavitiy
Nephrolithiasis - ANSWER-kidney stones
sterilization - ANSWER-free of all microorganisms
diaphoresis - ANSWER-profuse sweating
Nosocomial infections - ANSWER-Infections derived from the patient staying in the hospital
V codes - ANSWER-identify conditions other than a disease or injury, but are not necessarily a primary diagnosis
