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Projective Techniques in Psychology: Ambiguous Stimuli and Constructed Responses, Exams of Psychology

Walden UniversityPsychology

This chapter explores projective techniques, a method used in psychology to understand an individual's personality dynamics through ambiguous stimuli. The techniques include the rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test, and sentence completion tests. Learn about their administration, scoring, and controversies.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 02/16/2024

CarlyBlair
CarlyBlair 🇺🇸

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Chapter 14: Projective Techniques
Two Major Characteristics -
1. Ambiguous Stimulus
2. Constructed-response (free response)
Projective Hypothesis -
If the stimulus for a response is ambiguous, then the response itself will be determined by the
examinee's personality dynamics (desires, fantasies, inclinations, fears, motives)
Unconscious Motivation -
Historical connection with Freud and the psychodynamic approach
Two Primary Uses/Users of Projective Techniques -
1. Assessment of individual cases in clinical, counseling and school psychology
2. Research
Most Frequently Used Projective Techniques -
1. Rorschach Inkblot Test
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. Sentence Completion Tests (RISB-2)
4. Human Figure Drawings (HFD)
Draw A Person
House-Tree-Person
Kinetic Family Drawing
The Rorschach -
Materials:
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Chapter 14: Projective Techniques

Two Major Characteristics -

  1. Ambiguous Stimulus
  2. Constructed-response (free response) Projective Hypothesis - If the stimulus for a response is ambiguous, then the response itself will be determined by the examinee's personality dynamics (desires, fantasies, inclinations, fears, motives) Unconscious Motivation - Historical connection with Freud and the psychodynamic approach Two Primary Uses/Users of Projective Techniques -
  3. Assessment of individual cases in clinical, counseling and school psychology
  4. Research Most Frequently Used Projective Techniques -
  5. Rorschach Inkblot Test
  6. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
  7. Sentence Completion Tests (RISB-2)
  8. Human Figure Drawings (HFD) Draw A Person House-Tree-Person Kinetic Family Drawing The Rorschach - Materials:

10 Bilaterally symmetrical inkblots presented in a standard order and orientation Administration: Exner's Comprehensive System is the "industry Standard" Exner's Comprehensive System - Two Administration Phases:

  1. Response Phase: "What might this be?"
  2. Inquiry Phase: Explain and elaborate on previous responses Record of responses: Protocol Scoring the responses: coding Examples of CS Codes - Location: part of the card the examinee references (Whole, common detail, unusual detail, space) Determinants: what features of the inkblot influenced the responses (color, movement, animal or human figures) Rorschach Reports and Interpretation -
    • The CS codes are summarized in the: Sequence of scores and structural summary
  • Psychologists with training in Exner's system interpret the structural summary
  • Also, computer generated narrative reports are available Evaluation Of the Rorschach - -Use of Exner's CS norms leads to the over-perception of psychopathology
  • With regards to forensic practice it may lead to detrimental outcomes (parent being denied custody, prisoner being denied parole)
  • With regard to clinical practice, psychologists may treat clients for problems they do not have Rorschach Response Frequency - Clients who give more responses tend to appear more pathological

Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank Scoring -

  • Good scoring guidelines in the manual
  • 7-point scale 0=very well adjusted, 3= neutral, 6= very maladjusted
  • add item scores=Overall adjustment score
  • Mean is about 130
  • Cutoff score of 145 is suggested for maladjustment Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank Psychometric Evaluation - Reliability
  • Good internal consistency.
  • Good inter-rater reliability.
  • good short-term test-retest.
  • Not-so good long term. Validity Respectable Human Figure Drawing - HFD, DAP (1st) , HTP (2nd), KFD -Goodenough developed Draw-A-Man -Draw a picture of yourself, then a picture of the opposite sex Human Figure Drawing Administration and scoring systems -
  1. Sign Approach: large eyes are signs of suspicion
  2. Global Approach: scores 30 indicators for maladjustment
  3. Draw-a-person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance : 55 item DAP scoring system designed to identify children and teens with emotional difficulties Human Figure Drawing Psychometric Characteristics -

Reliability

  • inter-rater and test-retest are variable across studies
  • internal consistencies have been acceptable Validity
  • Signs possess zero validity
  • Global can achieve modest validity Future of Projective Techniques -
    1. Place in training of psychologists
  • doctoral programs continue to train students
  • APA task force recommended that the amount of time be reduced
  • should expose students to the research and meta-analytic literature
  1. Influence of Managed Care
  • want a diagnosis and immediate treatment plan that is cost effective
  1. Demand for objective administration, scoring, norms and psychometric quality