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psych 411 chapter 12
objective methods of personality assessment - characteristically contain short-answer items for which the assessee's task is to select one response from the two or more provided. contains no one correct answer (answer that is correct no matter what, "universal") but rather the selection from multiple choice lets them know something about the test taker. advantages of objective methods - items can be answered quickly, can cover varied aspects of the trait, can be scored quickly and reliably, if written they require less explanation critiques - lack of objectivity with self report , objectivity can be matter of debate, depending on rater and their views projective hypothesis - an individual supplies structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with the individual's own unique pattern of conscious and unconscious needs, fears, desires, impulses, conflicts, and ways of perceiving and responding projective method - A technique of personality assessment in which some judgment of the assessee's personality is made on the basis of his or her performance on a task that involves supplying structure to relatively unstructured or incomplete stimuli projective tests are... - are indirect forced-choice format -
designed to detect or deter response patterns that would call into question the meaningfulness of the scores conclusion about objectivity tests - best thought of as a short hand description of test format. objective because they employ a short answer format that provides little if any room for discretion in terms of scoring. to describe a personality test as objective serves to distinguish it from projective and other measurement methods rather than to impart information about the reality, tangibility, or objectivity of scores derived from it what are the advantages of projective tests - they tap unconscious as well as conscious material Rorschach - they are presented with the inkblot and asked what might this be. their verbatim responses, nonverbal gestures, the length of time between first response, and position of card are all recorded. Rorscach - Hermann Rorschach.•10 symmetrical inkblots on separate cards -5 are black & white; 3 are multicolored; 2 are B/W/R. Projective Test what is the 2nd administration of Rorschach cards called - inquiry what is the goal of inquiry? - attempt to determine what features of the inkblot aided in the test takers response. also learns whether the testtaker remembers earlier responses, whether the original percept is still and whether any new responses are now percieved testing the limits - third component of the administration. enables the examiner to restructure the situation by asking specific questions that provide additional information concerning personality and functioning. "sometimes people use a part of blot to see something" calls for elaboration
Pictures as projective stimuli - pictures can be almost anything. hand test. hand test; 24 categories such as effection, dependence, and aggression. Rosenzweig pic frustration: direction of aggression is what gets scored Words as projective stimuli - semistructured techniques because they allow for a variety of responses and still provide a framework within which the subject must operate. word association test - A semistructured, individually administered, projective technique of personality assessment that involves the presentation of a list of stimulus words, to each of which an assessee responds verbally or in writing with whatever comes immediately to mind first upon first exposure to the stimulus word.what is the first thing that comes to mind? who does the book suggest was the first to use this technique of word association - Francis Galton who were the first use cards with stimulus words painted on them - Catell and Bryand who studied the effect of physical states such as hunger and fatigue and of practice on word association
- Kraeplin other possible questions of word association tests? - what were you thinking about? what was going through your mind? sentence completion test - a semistructured projective technique of personality assessment that involves the presentation of a list of words that begin a sentence and the assessee's task is to respond by finishing each sentence with whatever word or words come to mind without time limits. more face validity than Rorshach. most vulnerable to faking
sounds as projective stimuli - Skinner; auditory inkblots. test proved not to differentiate between subjects who took it. responses lacked in comparison to inkblots and other projective stimuli. none of the available scoring systems was very satisfactory. except for use with the blind, auditory use was redundant not as good as TAT figure drawing test (draw a person, House tree persn) - refs to a type of test in which the testtaker's task is to draw a human figure and/or other figures, and inferences are then made about the test taker's ability, personality, and/or neurological intactness on the basis of the figures produced. content and related variables. draw house tree person, easy materials can be administered by nonclinicians free association - first couple of thoughts/association about the topic without constraint. structure imposed s by subjects themselves. Kent Resanoff uses stimulus word to elicit response from examinee what is involved in the kinetic family drawing - draw everyone in the family including yourself DOING something, talk about their relationship and why they are doing those actions sign vs sample approach - test responses are deemed to be signs or clues to underlying personality or ability. sample approach focuses on the behavior itself where emitted behavior is viewd not as a sign of something but rather as a sample to be interpreted in its own right behavioral assessment methods - ignores intangibles, surface level analysis, more empirical, intensive study of individuals, the target behavior must be measurable, schedule of assessment; frequency and interval behavior observation - watching the activities of targeted clients and keeping record
