Class 12 Biology Complete Notes Bundle, Study notes of Biology

This package contains complete Class 12 Biology notes designed for easy understanding, quick revision, and effective board exam preparation. The notes are well-structured, concise, and exam-focused, making them ideal for students who want to revise the full syllabus in less time. All important concepts are explained in a simple and clear manner, suitable for both beginners and last-minute study.

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2024/2025

Available from 04/23/2026

aamera-karnekar
aamera-karnekar 🇮🇳

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MYpe—of asexual oductfor Pavourab | q 0 mutable condttton | the archeo a ae a walt around ft. ey then_tn favourable contd titon i, elo p into new todividual. $ found f A tresh_ water sponges. pongtila. ' si Tn A ne 4 owey Aroup o animals - oincleaaieiae tiIn b dting the “small outgrowth develop on the paxnts + E maturtty , tt detach from Fhetr parent £ develop a naw idurql - i Hudia - d L ae Gamerhqentsts. 2 TnsemfnatHon [ laternal fertfifzation [ 4. benb- Zyqoke forrmatton a 5: Embryoqentsts Plate Reproductive system : _Human mate teproductrve system consist of: / E Pafrs of $estes = | Bhicy Syskem | t Accessoxy qland | fernts | i : &vbeynaaslom : : A 0 shutent a IDG ¥ % sbhrw moat ,t rat fro ba : 3 va enctra to Vasa _de Tk carry sperms fromm. vasa ef fer "I _(pxpus and cauda. Ted tfferenttate tate _capur | : "1 : ‘ak = Ee 7. onl OG | Si y7a [Cy fo.) Ota Wana ZI ia i { { | Vasa_defferentfa 3} i These are the two _Ioing cof] Fascular Fube arfstna. Ww a g | | | caude of epid tdyrnf’s- PDE ts about 30cm hokia ia helP en conduction of sptcnsslanangtill | ft) - Pfa latory duct 0 Fstde by oe aN opening afte a5 uy ce. Acces or glands :_ e | « (i), Semanal vesfctes:. @ [hese a Thee e-the Patrs of holtow Sack. are Iyeng on fhe pos i: Fevtor side of the urf pthed secrete sernrnal Plutd Naxy bladder. which conta Fructose ,fiby and prostaghand ens. fnoger i} f contfbute 60». OF volorne of semen YOSFate gland . ——____4 Surrounded and open at the base of winary bladder , raxy bladder, | Made of. 20-30 |pbes. ; Pescreke milky whtte slight ly acidic props. plostatfe fluid. FF contitoute 60% of total “semen. alkaline fr mature. and medium. of vagina. 4 TF increases smnobality of Speymns. Present below the either sfde oF urethra Thes qland se rete alkaline 9 VES (CU0Ls (OUCH Nie Fla, Meh ont S 4 lubsica nt during copitla Hon. OT $$ nrinnl -— .. p Sperm Ogenests ~0ccily 6 A yale gonad (male fem reproduc ve organ) | called testes. — Otess OF fo rmatron of male garmebkes fs called per ma Dgenesfs. ) ar - | [he pte ec germrnal cell iq ihe eee are known as premordial 0% primary germinal cell. ell IS wnnderqoes _ Free. Phases seg? fplfcarfon prowrh phase. _ fel 3 2 Maburatfon phase — f al Qype Prien mato aiden serrate he | oh 7 Spe va te (2nJ = oad = Sewndar 4 a spermatocyte (a) 2 Us spermatids (i) i —~ 4 speviaieeee (n) brow th phase: f The spermatogentcun cell_accetnnlake hhe food Land grou 11 Haefy sfze bo form prtmary Spe mance * | Maturatton phase : ~The puimary spermato cy Fe ondergoes mefosts=L- rin mefosts-T homologous chromsome patring , Fhe” _underqoes crossing _oyer Cpachytene) aind exchang tng | Fherr genetic makrtal. CA the mefosts -I , two haploid secondary spetmae fn) are formed. wo The Secondary Spermatoce re (nh) undergoes rmefos fs- IP Land produce 4 spexmadids (n). > Fach spermated fs_a non-motile and ft undergoes “perma fegenests to form rmottle spermato zoan{a). _mnale qarneres - TT) (5 about 0.055 mm iz pT connstyt 0 Ur mat Irs : Ree ke, Head neste maid és Prices. 141 3 py tend: = Bs ee i 1+ fs flat and oval j ea fo ; oe : r genera lfa * . = Tr todude® Labia imafora é) 2 @ labia benhoart fe) Plons Pubts 1 — @_ Clitorts © Vesttbule | @ Humen @_trreater_vestsbualons qland >) Breast eVulva: | 1) lab ta mafera: Pihese are the too lame folds lds Porn Fhe boundary of - lLvelva 4 [ Tree are hemoloqe: ne of the male. ft They are composed of iia ous +tssue ane fat alle Labfa mrnqora' dA wiced Ic DY PS~IN + Organ presen+ anttrior end i gland = b ] ie te the patr_of glands cuhtch are presen’ on each fof vaginal Opent ng Pints are also a a4 Bartholtn gland. ty ts shornoloqous +o the couwpen's Alana oF nas | Maramary glands (Breast These ore asscessovy oragn of fema Je reproducttye St Fert). Miese Gre ¥he parry of pounded structure Found Tegfon on ventral thorate cal i Ib has an erecttle Oipple ta Fhe mide Rech, breast conkarn fal | lactY Ferous aland. Pr FO pectortal) Connective +fssue and umerols srptus chrls broce L_teunded area ca td i . : i | functton: (areola) ease ml fron aaa breast under Rae b actHt d rhactdaal OF brterrboye gland. ] Contre |_o Ls * Tt fs known as womb. Tt f a pear part 13 highly shape sack. muscular, hollow , thick-walled ste wide £ 2cm +hick. +5120 ! fer long, 5 cm Th fs present fn the pelyre cay tty betw PLocakfon : i the yperturmn- eee — i Pir ts atached +o the bodu wall wrth the help of imeometrurn= itaamenth _ Te Pit fs diffterenttaked into Fundus., Body and cenvix. b tThe cervix open foto | Sl i The titers rs: highly dfstfosfble and consts} OF 3 4 biatereme: walls: fi perm crrfum = ~ muomertum a i endometrium So reco} ee Furnctron - TUberus “recetve ovina fron He Fallopian: -+ubu afte fertf IfzatHon for fmelantatten 2 form placenta for the development oF the fpet J ery Partutitton tt help’ 0 expel neo your one MORE Ra5 Ad nouscular Ht be. Tr fs about 75 to jocem tn length. i open foto vesttbule of vulva: tthe fnnex cel! of vagina sore gly cogen felines glucog en Rermmertect by lackobanti i) and make lwag ina highly actol { Hie Afamig acidic medrum ta Vag td ovevela tofec thon Fungus. ack as copulatory organ. Ty 5 A passage of menstrual How. PEF Serveo! as bry th cara} during parku rphto ea aty—tarste of outer eee ee _and 5 CA RS The process by which selrd merula Char i OF into hollow blastula called a5 blastulatter Th boman betng blashula ts Called as blasto cy a =The solid morula reaches a+ bhe teperus Gig Gbsorb utertre mfik of fluid. ~ T+ pecety daus after ferhilizatton, ~The cel) of Hhropablash absorb apre glycogen icky (tering milk. and tnrrease thery stze double [ 015 030 mm ) the otrberrmost cel) becorme flat and forme A_contt nvoeus lauey around Fhe ermbyyonte celia and thes lager fs alle layer. thé toner Jarger cel) shee ricei] singe } 1¢ sfde and-attached to the tropoblast hans) ermbruonic Ja.) a ~Ermbruen Knob called as a I] of Ratiba ce TAY the tn S blastulation . + e_blastulc + el — cofkA @ $ bla s koce Md fim reYynic Knob (cell oe i @ . fs morning sfckness © hi Banik 7 moran SAE nausta, vormatttng. = So Te el Pregnancy! { tattoo): 6) ne) pte . a fide Adtttor of carry tng one Oy more em nos ~ — Hers ts called as a preqnancy ox Gestatfom, ts aa human pregnancy last fox 266 days from) —ferkflfzatton of the faq. or 220 days From lash il —__||menskrua | cucle. a akoman pregnancy ts dtvided rato ae ao $121" Tremester (trom tes rtlizatton upto lat week). ee Mest rodral changes occur tm the mother and tq —j+—__lembryo durfing 2-4 week of development. ermbryo! F > etter obkatn nutrtent trom Ene erdometrtony. ——_—$jThe_15* tremesver ts the Ah _perted of organo genests. eds? laid. development of bedy otaans Si Se See meek all the m 1for orqans are -developediand —_ ip +t ermmbr uo fs CO ara foery See ee le srze 43 {5 bout 3-5 em, fang. —Liutiet ia Mother “also sunderae aprd changes due +0 the! brah —~——___ilevel of “pi qeskerorie Ee vitat Loh tf ee — | Piogestero ne» rastrate iad Tepioducttive system , | 4 _Ilmaterna! park of 14, uberus become: larger. _ Ie 294 Trimester : | tin thes Freestex- WEEIUS roc enough «Poy fo become obtoces: ae EThe fortis 3 very acktve and | development of baer beqrrn, - ‘Hormona! level stab the ps eqnany 4row. epto 30 cm, alfze” qs HCG declene. i The corpus leattimn deterty abs (decrease ) and placenta . phOMMp letely take Overy for the produc 5 Foebu x tory. of PLOgeskerone. dishengp regebrows and eye lashes appear, prnna are. Ee