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ay ee RY eee lo soe le 50 other 15 called os a heredity. | Vartatton CT ts the difference betwweer land qmongy rhe offspring of the _ D2 ts the branch of bfoloqy “whe —} 2 hereathy and variatfon. ts (alled os genetics - a ae word mds corned “by witiifan Bareson SE Greger Yohonn medel known as fa a Cla “Me studied tn physics, matrhemattas + — Se at conHipved his work os a prfes oid Ee aa lem i586, ‘he beqan nfs fammocts ceeite ae ——_—_ plant. ‘wid ra Me ih 1865, he presented | hits work fn._paper 7 en fn plank Hybrtdtzatfon’. my || Reason of Mendel strccess : = I Mende! selected a garden! pea plant (eesum. sa ae Thats eXperfone nt. i NRT, starked ts. experfmene by || ne_plants (homoxt yqds, a ere expert crenta | data,he kerk fo a. c A __lsustematfc and stattstical manner A—_—=_The experimental result. carefully yecordied sxe aires del cn a “garden pea plane a : - - a? Pisum - sot Mendel selecked a pan ped plank - aa . Garden pea plant {5 anaval:and corp } | 4 months | cycle Bit 3° — = a —f fa plank 15a naerally self pal hirnaring and ai 10 , —} pluenartart can also be ac hreved - and proe ce. ae | orfspreng- : = pe Es pea plany, mary varferfes cure €astlo oval LPiendel_selected only Ki pairs of traths (¢ “araceel po fea plant fs a smatt he rbtcvcus. plane and pedo pee many seeds! rt —_—_ Eira Flower’ fi larger po sfze and. bisexyal becarse OFM ia =p eoet size _arbifictal poliination can diso be achieved: + = Seve patrs of trefie ‘~ r | Character | eentnan F Recess tye en r Tatl(T) t }2-Flower postiton | Axtte(A) i 3 Flomer colowt = § —— Dwarf (¢) » & Termena|(a) _# >» Fs _ eS | i (Colour (Cc) Alhftre ( i = colour Yel toy Cy) srs i. ) Gr cE * tae Le Crreen (-) ae Ha i F i a Tn fla ted( 7) ") Co pre = ind ; —Kound (rR) | pear 3) S| Se a lirinkled(y) = a Pr dfagram we to use to shocw ans blag i] _ I ormmbi feitert roa partfcclar criss. OF plac breed fy | be a _sr= law of fnherftrance— | || Law of Dominance: (Mendel’s first law) ° Shitemente - lAthen 400 or more pafrs of contard ; | fairs are crossed fn ia generation + the charactey Fara _ sioes: nor a Cppear fs ioe LOCC 45 Pye: | whfch appears f5 corr always domrnant and | | a a YY RR. ss “gy san ; a | | / | Garmetes -.-.. YR ye rien 2 ‘ Sa [fg generatfon ....- Yy Ry [ Yellow Round. | 2 | Law of seqreqatfon [aw Of purthy oF gametes) # | | Crtende I's second jaw): aa | Stiement — wlhen one patr of contrasting traik fs ' crossed (Ai F, hybrid they renin aot Frou mixing —. Liontamtnattng ovr. altering at the +ime_of- qamete fowenaticrs Fhe get sepa ree This _lacw fs cerrtversely applicable. 6g: Plonohybrid Cross. |* Ponohybrtd cross [Monohybrid varte (3:1) = + | Plonohybrrd cho ss* A cross Pnvolved only | patr of \ contrasting Froft fs called as rmonehybrtd CIOS5. 4 | Plena brtd ratid : A_ratfo obbatned From the monohybrtd i ee fe. 3:! 85 alled gs monchybrid ratte. Jo | — | — = | Ey generatfon —-- - Aa {soale) | f generarton ----- Aa x Aa (selfing) | : ma i id | A - | A KA Ae Homozygous Heferozygus Ante | axfle : Ag qa Heterozygous Hornozyqus axile Feyrminal iz Phenotype - 2: | Axle Terminal | Gmorype? = IS 2 al ARO? BES Aetge Do, _ Hormozyq ous | Axtle Arile ter munof = e aan =~ we a ce ; Homozyqais Hetero z Yqouts elisa Parplecolecr purse caterer . aes Ce ME | Hebero 249 ous Homoz Yqous pulAe Colour GHIFE wIeUy 4Phenotr pe * 3: | = Purple @louy wihhtbe oloty ) tmoryoe < tC orton ; ; Homory qous Hettroedqay Hemoezqqous purple colouy POPE louy ote i z qt BF Gt oi a Paenotypetaite oo, yellaa, Green = roti — WH Roun ss Genotype AN Bs pate oo as oe = ex a oars Gyre io Trey a 3 ] © Phenotype Ts] | ©, 4am qu @ 4 ia) lk pea plant wit tall “Inf Jated d seed) ~ erossedk with | dwarf wit constricted “peg. plank. Which kind of 4 | avio obtained from “bhis. _ab Bove crossed + Ex latin bo et Atha 7 7. WAL. Tall Inflated (6 generatton --- -- Terr x __T#I¢ (selfing) ’ oe” mgs = _ a rf r1L i +L tf 1 ; | TT | || egyes ) .| TTL THEE | TeXt | TL | Tall Inflated Tall Inflated Tall Tnelated | Tal) Erelated .— I — | Ss a ee, TT ot Thr! | 7 | Tf | Tatl InAlated Tall conserick’ Tall Inflated | Tall constriet | J | a THIf ++I | Wit +L | Tall tnflateea- | Tall Inflated) Dwarf Inglated pwartexr _ Farad a fog teeh ffl Toft | wT aa CU SCFSC/Talt triflated Tal} corsiricke Dwart Inflated | Dwarf conser ne ae — ~_ =Rcked _ | a tae +h | Tall Dwarf | | | | Phenotype ratfo= 1° | # \Jesh cross + Clalhert F, hybrid cross onli with their recesstve perenne | fs called as a fesb cross. The ratio ebtatnrd from this cross te. 1:1) ps called A | Fest ratio. | ir Ege: | Porenks ——> Heterozygous Homozygous Tatl Dwart Grenory pe— Te a +¥ 4 Gamates — 7 + F aaa — | a T+ (Tall) et(Dwart) | { | . + T+ (tal!) ++ (pwart ) Phenotype raho = I'1 “ _—— ndelran_genetics (Neo mendeltsm) + edtscovery of the mendel_experfonent ,agg ntfisks perform rhe _expertonent_on the Att ter _— plants and anfmals- and they observe differenee *uhich are_dtfferent from mendel’s F i Teg are called a5 post medeélian gencrics or@ mrnae n._ [Types of Gene toteractfons: / SCS) Se cd : i Intragenersc Mteraction Intergenf En SV a op ———tithe tateroctton occtrr bet” | 4. The Interaction € roberaction. pe ae ne of the sane qene Alles of the ares rinses Treen 7 presents o1 tne sarne ar chromo oes 2 fg: Incomplete dormtaance | 9. €4: bier. —ptnd_te=demtnance. .— mp €ptsbasts +4 Lanny A irae ¢: pur to carrle.— ; Wa ea dics, Red Co e fal Be taric colour Ca: & (renottype - ~~ - RR . | | | | qametes =. R ait BS it | 3 r% fi generatton - --- RIA (Roan) | se ; -& generarfon -._.. RIAL Xx RA _(Rean) Coan) W sega Bie Goan) | W (Roan) eS taney t } : Pech ldo dom nance anda fncemp e domrnance. Leg: ABO. blood. qroup syste m_fn_human_pefng.— ” n_betng gene 1 contro e ABO blooe Ti. ee wy io 5 ; Seam Aictes : I*, 1° oid Fg: . ts a) ae ' i — T 7 - 1 (v) Genoryp ¢ | ___Pheriofupe we i Toor ‘le | om OE Ta a . Bb p14 of AB ff 1 0 : ae ae \ Bs a a Hil a | : ____._ ae oe) witngs of Drosophtla+ ee me * Phenotype | _GeNory pe — ae | + et Normal wrng > | i Ae Le ; V 4 ee Niicked wings } vg F i | Oo Li Noth wfngs — a st — q te Sutton ce ole pur form ee teddy ai Fheory stated thak Game te (speron £ oval carry ol! Fhe Hered tkary cha and connecting link be¢ joa rents and _oFfsjor ng: : [b. Nucleos of the game +e aneee chromosome ctohich hereditary characters. 83: Chromosomes are found fn the parrs fn_sematte Lor atpioid: cell . 4D gamete formatton., the hemoeleqous chromaome | | gek Separdicd during meosté and gamete contatn hap! ord Ox half numbes chropnp anne & During fertilization , the unron of sperm and 44 restore dfplord condition rn zyqo ke. ¥| Chromosome: Chromosome are Filamentus body presen’ fn the | rauclevs - T Tew are only visible durtng cell drviator. BE tine chromosome word was cofned by lal: Waldyer. pe The number of chromosome _ MOYLES Prom spectes iz) spectes: oe Ne Bie rz of the chromosome vartes fror ches a ko Species. Tr ranges from O-] Fo 3 Waar. feb ——__{imetaphase) and. 0: 2 1 2 met bee rH eke fhe shape of the chromosome _ in the atte rent | ae Vartes according 4 4 + “nurnbe.Y « + St So oo ims \ , oe a wae Anetuplot ry ’ | TE fs nok exackH t a exactly multiply with ; ak pita base number w primary bast plofidy Diplordy , _ Pupletad ~ Hupoplofd L (n) ‘(2n) (an Hn, oat. ‘— ae Triso gi 4 aunt ap Monosomny Nol! fsomy : | (2S) (n= bE al Chromoserme || * iy) as = at Steuctetre : 7 ; : 
