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(1) Aeexua! feproductton 1 151 Ge saked place without fuston of male —Only one ‘parent: fs fnvolved. = Pirtosts play_an fmportantk role- im Offaprings are exacHy fnflay fo thetic parents: ° Types of asexual eprodureon! 0) Pragmentation ey iS A _asexual: hype oF reproducrfor. bode break fato the Many pieces and each to nel Gtore As i a_nec individual: fr fa Spgrogy ra. ia qrow_a.s a_new mdtvrdita je Eg tt Yeast: : fe). ey Spore formatton:— - Jt f5 a aqsexural ype of repmduction Tein Hats type, Fhe motile Spores develop: trisfde yhe “parent body ja imatiertiy -t break hes pa rerr=ituael | and Afberabed Our and grow as a new tndividual: fq é Chlamydomonas (Unecelt lualay algae)» =a —— a depend opor the Lietbn ie —— oer in Zz He te the: cpumontiot quaestey ay a es : | . = J » | | | (3) IPtrero Ts fs I=) Are In Hssue culture I ropagatlon, a ha — Ly YOOr joe Lenk aed fg meristamatfc Hosue leaves etc) ft HCC Onda s under asep called as micro-; Ante: anne F¢ law ss star | wthat is Atte cous : SS rl a a ae eS fx \~——SCs—asas FA ao i ee eal a ——. | °° « 1 y *_| Plicwspo-ragiui a ic Fach ache _f. Fett spo qiake , usualy consis oF wo llanther lop ld tri ae - Fach lop consisy 6 Bae olen sac. NEE EEE q = In smmature stage , ne pollen sac con _of dtplord (20) " 4 {_mfcrospore mothe _ tad. «ma haploid Gy) A) mect mafcraspores spo rogenests-_ ax Untducteate | 7 From act microspores are: formed — Pe ey wing -Neous Fase on ao. Ture ue erat) tel | ener ee cell 9 ell stage pallen grain eer aan met re) ‘o rAverospor ere Tetrad oo ~ © © jAaploO 5 >xe Micros n Ene Polen sag a [Development of male gamebophyuke octuy ot twos llBerdre: rollénatton.20 oie pollen SCiC baidtrer pollfnatton on the soma. re pol |fratfon ‘tn! the pollen sac: Tn_tmmature sHO.ge , diplo c a IP Pic (2n) pnde rofcrospores- The dil (2 ¢ ° fs presente pr the pollen Sac. 2 [* dhru chute of anatropus ovule* Bicclaots| An_ovule which nas qn bend axt .|—lF ee diy (mf opfle). SSF Anatropus ovule consis} of main #0 parbs fe sha ql ——hbedey cn ip Stalks $f Stalk OF the ovule rs called as a Furntewr/as. Tt attach 40 the placertta_of- tre ovayy. ia Stalk hay Ing _raphae and. fh persiob frtko e uncon Is: f PWMVde 0 humans to othe sbadyalva4 Body : g tis lasal isrolern:portion presen acinar atl presen akithe po Le St The munfculus attach: +o the body at the basats pax ca Q Milum Seedy ot fllowtag paris’ EET AY Ot : : peal Bett retort vente * 7" ) €0f He DOA: taba ahead Ra tes com op, dc. ; & nevre}|us OES ea ae a allied a tae a Nalaza, pee za give rise ro the outer and fnner tf Te the owle having +40 fotequnent called — Tngequimertis are the provecting coyernfing: E Outer. Prtegumen’ gtve rise bo the testa oF the seed whfle frouner Intequenertt_g give rrse bo the #egmen of the seed » 4) Piicropyle : The inkequinectt leave a narrow passage at the tip of the “owule called aj a_rnfcropyle and se end Asi called fay 8! -mnfcropy a end: es =bunng fertflfzation, pollen ‘pee _enttr_fiato the -evete ermby SOC. ia 2 Lima AE AS: | ia Durfiag seed gercatnatton , afr dnd water enter {nko me [seed tor germination +hrough micropyle and afrer lgeeminatton; iottcle comeout Hirougin Fhe _micropyle- 6) Embryo sac? 190 n Tp constst of 7 celle. S nucleated: stterctiwre : : i Faq apparatus * vy et: lp its preserrh towards: the mfcropylar end. Toi comoraki of large eggs cell (rr) batt btu0 labera| Synerg{ds. ae Secondary eee fom )s Cit ts present ta the bee of the econo bac. TT omspsk of one celtwo nucleated shinee iter Cit fertilize topfhithe nidle gamers $0 form hrploidie (3, Anifpoda [ceil a rps tp 4 " (Ms am) present towards. tne: chalaza| ey or bes Shit Tp comstsh of hreerste libris _s/ ; . ike eta after feruiit sabton, = 2) 119) 1 | 1 me_glinnn a * *y Ae, Archesporial prime ~glnbshs birear hos ar «l P 2 i PET TS Bale i y)) (2n) meéqaspere Pimistl Sd mivetsmr /9¢ 7 oo ee aaa FS) as | me Sst Z yi i »——_.,/ | 9 a l ML | ; j \ TP qed = BPR cet am = 4% Pollfnation: ~ Deft» — The transftr_of pollen qiatn from _anther to the shigena_of P Same flower or another flower preset on the same plarck Jor different plané is_catled as 2_politnation. Types of politnatton® There are tun FL) pes: =poll tration: ve transfer_of pollen qrarq frorn_acibher to. the dtHqama | of same flower (bfsexual) or another flower present o same plant ts called oo _self-poll*nation, EP Self-politnatton are of twp Fypes : t mye La) Autoqamiy.: {> The transfer of pollen @raic from_aataer. ‘fo: bhewsth lof same flower. bisexua! ~) Jupresen on phe. same plant Is wit rolled a5 aquiogamy. : tes! spy : mill me Ege fean.: Senn Pipe Ny gt OF 112 0y0b “ton i Lei tales =" = we <== > =m = a a = mo r | __ a [Advantage of _pollrnatton fe 1-15 very easy , Sure method of pol linatfon- i = Tt fs vert tconomic because of less mastaqe. OF ener [Least wastage pf pollen gratm. nn smelt Tt marminia generic. stability: (purty) from genera f Ons Disadvantages eis IwlAK er. p to Hi Biter Self - pollfnatton, the proge volta d Sirk bs: : vety sere mice TH tel erono mic because of more wa More wastage of pollen drain. E It does not matntain generic srability. Agencies oF polifnarten: Agencies of polltnation — Abioric [ (Non-{fvig ) O_wi ee Othe, | S oe ee) ; ee ici. _(Entonoph } ( Reise ®& Brrds (oy aithophrl a eBel mott: ro) ) Bats _ (Chéroptero ini ) PENonGs _Crving ) [ Attotte . — AOE MO Phy jf i40 rine female Ptowert ~ Pollen grafns are produced large fr, ombex yligtrk In wel sormevtmnes wing Like shruchure Yo also present = - Starnen is versavtle and_expose_ anther. | an long, feathery ov harry. #0 etdp ne_pollen gral “ @_Hydropht ly [ (wlater_p2litnatfont ): T The transfer of pollen grown From anther +o bne srg loft “phe help of wa ber ts called as hydtrephilg: [Tike plants which are pollinated totttithe “help of water lated as ‘hydrophijvs: plant: Adapbatte 1 on ne Elenor are mostly urpsexual “Flowers are small and fnconsptceds. = flowers are colourless, wfhhout frag nance 2_hectorfes- 7 The pollen grafn and ; ake Floral a unwertable. se el tas ie. cover with mucilage- = Pollen gratns have specif gravity. 1 Tr Pollen grains are wfthout extne. Sigma fs long and sticky. i 2 Types of Hudrophitly © 1) Hypahydrophtly : (The pollenatfon occur below +he surface awfth help of fnsects fs called pprnereyee > The common finsects are ho nee bees (10% ~F0%} bettle, moths , ete. : 2 The plants which are pol|tnatcd with the help of frisecks Called _ (as a entormophilus Bich £9: Tasnne, rose, cesbrum, be botqamyvillea , SAI vid 4 CEC: I Adaptation : + Flowers are large fn size, ff they are sema)| trey are ldppear fn rhe form of infjorescenes- — Flowers are very abbractive , bright fa colour. Flowers having Q_ swery Fragnances and _nmecrpries- i [= Pollen qrafns fore sptny or rough. eXf fe. | = SHgma. (5 sticky | = few flowers develop a special —|ever T Q@ Ornethophtly (Berels pollfrarton )! F The bransfer “Of pollen grafns from anther $o stiqma : vith the help of bfrds ” called ornfrhophily- I+ The plartts twhich_are poll¢maree| twtth the help of btrds A a oratthephilos plant. Tfq: Bignonia, Bukca , Calitsbemon, bormbax ,ebe » +4 ____ Adaptation: : if Flowers are large » funnel shape or ee shape: pe The Floral parts are thick ancl Flesiny. A= Flowers are very bright _fn_colour- fs pailed as cheroptetopht lus plants. F Ig Manat nia the te Jhe branater of _pollen_qrat ore of S é ke | FE The plamts which are pollrnaked wPrh. 41 e 4 reg! Anthocephallus feadam:, kfgellta pinnate » Adar Ba uhfnta bee | Ada pn tfon: The flowers are large, short and. tt help to. hold bat — The flowers are blooming dureng 3 hight-bime, I> Flowers ernpis shrong rotten frote smelt F Flowers produces Bigeamenci © of ecporfe qrafn ond Fhey are dls0) edfble.. Di c Pollen qrainss ae SHickyys ro el Iv} 
