Common Emitter Amplifire-Basic Electronics-Lab Mannual, Exercises of Basic Electronics

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OUTLINE

2N

Beta at low, medium, high currents

SPICE Models

Design Calculations

Analysis of Design

Monte Carlo Analysis of Design

2N

Flat

2N

Label

BETA VS IC – 2N

1ma 10ma 100ma

Measured

SPICE SIMULATED

BETA

Ic

.01ma .1ma

SPICE SIMULATED

BETA

Ic

RESULTS FROM DESIGN CALCULATION

CALCULATIONS:

KT/q = 0.025887375 Volts

IC = 6.00 mA

IB = 30.00 uA

Vpp swing = 10.00 Volts

R1 = 33.33 Kohm

R2 = 18.52 Kohm

RC = 1.11 Kohm

gm = 0.231773 mho

rπ = 0.862913 Kohm

ro = 16.67 Kohm

Rin = rπ // R1//R2 = 0.805 Kohm

Rout = ro// Rc = 0.495 Kohm

Re1 = 36.23 ohm

Re2 = 676.87 ohm

Vin/Vs = 0.

IC

VT

gm

ro^ = VA/IC

r? = β / gm

Av = ~ (Rc//RL)/Re

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Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CE-BJT-2.XLS ELECTRICAL AND MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 9/23/ CALCULATIONS FOR CE BJT AMPLIFIER DESIGN DR. LYNN FULLER To use this spreadsheet change the values in the white boxes. The rest of the sheet is protected and should not be changed unless you are sure of the consequences. The calculated results are shown in the purple boxes. This spread sheet calculates dc and ac parameters given all the resistor values, dc voltage supply values, and transistor parameter values. This spread sheet can be used once an amplifier design is done to study how the amplifer performs if transistor or circuit parameters values are changed.

CONSTANTS VARIABLES K 1.38E-23 J/K q 1.60E-19 Coul Temp= 300 °K εo 8.85E-14 F/cm VCC = 16.00 Volts εr 11.7 Re1 27 ohms Re2 680 ohms Rs = 0.05 Kohms R1 = 33 Kohms R2 = 15 Kohms Rc = 1 Kohms Transistor Specifications: RL = 3.3 Kohms Early Voltage Va = 100 Volts Beta = 200

I

I

VB

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Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

PSPICE SCHEMATIC

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Page 12

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS OF DESIGN

Adding Tolerances to Resistors

Double-click the resistor symbol to which you wish to add tolerance.

In the “Filter by” pull-down menu select “Orcad-Pspice”.

At the far right end of the table, under the tolerance label, enter the desired tolerance value in

percentage format ( i.e ., 10%).

Click “Apply” in the upper left-hand corner to activate the value entered.

Close the properties window.

Setup Simulation Profile

For a new simulation:

Hit “New Simulation Profile” icon,.

Input a profile, leave the “Inherited from” empty.

Follow “For existing profile” steps from here on.

For existing profile:

Hit “Edit Simulation Settings” icon,.

Simulation Settings window will pop up.

Choose “Time domain (transient)” under Analysis type.

Input proper time interval for “Run to time” ( i.e. , about 1 period).

Select “Monte Carlo/Worst Case” in Options.

Type in the name for “Output variable” ( i.e. , V(RL:2)).

Input “Number of runs” (usually given).

Type any number between 1 and 32767 into the “Random number seed” box.

Click “More Settings” button on the lower right-hand corner.

Choose “the maximum value (MAX)” from the pull-down menu.

Click Apply.

Hit OK, then OK again. (cont’d)

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VOLTAGE GAIN: VIN=0.1 PEAK @ 1K HZ

Page 15

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

DC VOLTAGE AT COLLECTOR: Rc = 1K

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MEASURED AND EXPECTED VALUES

IC 5 mA 5.2 mA

Ve 3.7 3.

Vc 11 10.

Vb 4.4 3.

Vcc 16 16

Expected Measured

MEASURED RESULTS AT 10 KHZ

Shows Av = - 3.36/0.212 = -16 Shows p-p signal ~ 10 V p-p