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Computer Architecture C
What access does a register file operate under to properly function? - correct answer ✔✔read and write access what is the binary representation of instructions? - correct answer ✔✔machine language Which feature of the IBM 360/91 was incorporated into the majority of microprocessors developed in the 21st century? - correct answer ✔✔Algorithm innovations allowed the improved parallel execution of instructions. Which key design element changed in 2005 to drive continued improvements in computing capability? - correct answer ✔✔Multiprocessor architecture Which term refers to the same instruction applied to multiple data streams? - correct answer ✔✔SIMD What makes vector code better than conventional code? - correct answer ✔✔the frequency of pipeline hazards is lower Which two elements are required to implement R format arithmetic logic unit operations? - correct answer ✔✔ALU and register file Which component of a computer moderates the actions of other components? - correct answer ✔✔control Overflow occurs when: - correct answer ✔✔-you add two integer values with the same left most bit and end up with a different left most bit -when you subtract a value with a different leading bit than the other value, and the result is the first value's sign
What is the approximate range of an unsigned 64 bit integer? - correct answer ✔✔ 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551, DRAM - correct answer ✔✔memory built as an integrated circuit with 50 nanosecond access times SRAM - correct answer ✔✔faster than dram and less dense than dram, it is an integrated circuit cache memory - correct answer ✔✔A small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for a slower, larger memory. How is the integer 255 represented in memory? - correct answer ✔✔0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 What does extending to 16 bits yield given -5 in 8-bit 2's complement 11111011? - correct answer ✔✔11111111 11111011 How many minutes does it take to wash, dry, and fold four loads of laundry using a pipelining approach, given the following information? One washer takes 30 minutes One dryer takes 40 minutes One folder takes 20 minutes - correct answer ✔✔210 minutes. Whole duration of one task is 90 minutes, longest part of task is 40 minutes (x 3 for other loads) + 90 = 210 The manufacturing process for producing a widget has five steps and each step in the process takes one day. What is the average number of days needed to manufacture each widget using a pipelined process to produce 10 widgets? - correct answer ✔✔1.
LSL X3, X3, 1
B Loop Exit: What are the corresponding statements in the C language? - correct answer ✔✔while (f < g) { f = f << 1; } Given this set of ARM instructions, where b is at offset 0, e is at offset 8, and a is at offset 24: LDUR X1, [X0,#0] LDUR X2, [X0,#8] ADD X3, X1, X STUR X3, [X0,#24] What is the corresponding C language statement? - correct answer ✔✔a = b + e; What is the number of bits used in virtual memory with ARMv8? - correct answer ✔✔48. 64 total bits, but 16 are unused. Which register will be populated with the reason for an exception in LEGv architecture? - correct answer ✔✔the ESR, or Exception Syndrome Register Which statement about the operating system describes how virtual memory is allocated in ARM architecture? - correct answer ✔✔It loads the page table register to refer to the page table of the process. What is used by virtual memory to increase performance? - correct answer ✔✔Translation-lookaside buffer (looks for items used recently) What maps virtual memory to real memory by using page tables? - correct answer ✔✔Each guest operating system manages virtual memory independently.
What are two benefits of using virtual machines? - correct answer ✔✔software and hardware abstraction Which type of processing is used if a program executes a process that takes turns waiting for user input? - correct answer ✔✔sequential Which factor in parallel processing is not bound by Amdahl's Law? - correct answer ✔✔strong scaling What is an advantage of multiprocessor architecture? - correct answer ✔✔It increases throughput. In which type of multiprocessor is latency to any word in main memory the same regardless of which processor requests access? - correct answer ✔✔Uniform memory access Which benefit does pipelining a set of instructions provide? - correct answer ✔✔The throughput of the complete set of instructions is increased. Given four sets of ARM instructions that take the same amount of time and processing power to execute. How much faster would the instructions complete if executed 1,000 times using a pipelining methodology? - correct answer ✔✔4, pipelining efforts are 4fold or the number of sets What is improved from all LEGv8 instructions having the same 32-bit length? - correct answer ✔✔pipelining What is the address of the next instruction that should execute after the branch if the register X1 is equal to 0? 28 SUB X12, X4, X
Which factor is negatively affecting performance? - correct answer ✔✔cache memory Four processors (1, 2, 3, and 4) have clock frequencies of 200 Mhz, 300 Mhz, 500 Mhz, and 700 Mhz, respectively. Suppose: Processor 1 can execute an instruction with an average of 5 steps. Processor 2 can execute an instruction with an average of 3 steps. Processor 3 can execute an instruction with an average of 3 steps. Processor 4 can execute an instruction with an average of 5 steps. Which processor should be selected to improve performance for the execution of the same instruction? - correct answer ✔✔Processor 3. Find this by dividing instruction count by clock rate or instruction count multiplied by clock time. CPU execution time for a program - correct answer ✔✔execution time for a program = clock cycles x clock time Which technique should be implemented to reduce cache miss rate? - correct answer ✔✔blocking Which set-associative cache will improve overall performance? - correct answer ✔✔two way A program requires one billion instructions to execute on a processor running at 4 GHz. Exactly 50% of the instructions execute in three clock cycles, 30% execute in four clock cycles, and 20% execute in five clock cycles resulting in an execution time of 1.075 seconds. Which adjustment improves overall performance by 12%? - correct answer ✔✔70% execute at three cycles and 30% at four cycles
Which instruction of the ARM architecture excludes a carry value after the arithmetic calculation? - correct answer ✔✔reverse subtract Which three components or aspects specify the statement of a virtual machine? - correct answer ✔✔page table, program counters, and registers A storage solution for video editing is being planned. The requirements are: Largest storage space No redundancy Fastest I/O speed Which RAID solution should be implemented? - correct answer ✔✔RAID 0 Which computer architecture idea is analogous to the assembly line? - correct answer ✔✔performance via pipelining What is an advantage of using virtual memory technique? - correct answer ✔✔It permits a program to exceed the size of primary memory. What is an advantage of implementing cloud computing? - correct answer ✔✔It provides automatic scaling. Which performance benefit do 128-bit wide registers in SSE2 streaming SIMD extensions enable? - correct answer ✔✔Parallel arithmetic computations What is the bit width of an SIMD register with the suffix of 'D' when determining subword parallelism? - correct answer ✔✔64-bit in a 128 bit wide register Which register holds the result for the instruction SUB X1, X2, X3? - correct answer ✔✔X
