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CTRI Exam Questions with Simplified Solution
1. Dudley, a 16-year-old quarter horse, has arrived in the arena a few minutes before his
assigned lesson with his horse leader, Maggie. As the instructor is completing the set-up of arena equipment, she observes as Maggie warms Dudley up at walk and trot in hand. Dudley appears to be stiffer than usual in the hind end at the trot. The instructor coaches Maggie to walk and trot Dudley more forward, which will allow him to loosen up before his rider mounts. The lesson plan for the day includes four trot poles. However, based on how Dudley is presenting in his warm-up, the instructor modifies her set-up to reduce the demands on the horse's hind end. After the lesson, the instructor shares her observations of Dudley's stiffness with the barn manager for further evaluation. What are two other choices that the instructor could have made regarding Dudley's stiffness?: Two other options for managing Dudley's stittness are removing him from the lesson or allowing more time for warm-up before mounting.
2. Unsoundness is-: a serious condition that attects an equine's usefulness and way of moving. The CTRI must be able to
recognize visual signs of discomfort in the horse that may be an indication of unsoundness, such as ear pinning, tail swishing, nipping or stittness.
3. Horse Biting Handler During Lesson
Richard is a 10-year-old rider with autism who is riding Jack, a 17-year-old Haflinger gelding. Richard is very excited to trot, which causes him to bounce on Jack's back during
2 / 51 transition to the trot. The instructor observes that Jack is nipping at his horse leader. The horse handler moves his hand up to hold Jack's halter as a defensive response to the nipping behavior. The instructor identifies three corrections that need to be made to address Jack's biting behavior and the safety of the horse handler based on her obser-vations. First, the instructor gives the rider a verbal correction to let Richard know that his bouncing is making his horse uncomfortable. Additionally, the instructor has Richard trot in half-seat position to increase the weight bearing input he is getting and to reduce the impact of his self-stimulation behaviors on the horse. Once the rider's behavior has been addressed, the instructor coaches the horse handler to move his hand further down the lead line to give Jack more space to balance. This allows Jack to feel less trapped and therefore less stressed in the lesson. After the lesson, the instructor discusses Jack's behavior with the rest of the instructional team and horse care staff. The group works to ensure that Jack has more opportunity for some trail riding fun with skilled riders to maintain his mental and physical well-being as a therapeutic riding mount as well as to further develop his topline muscles. Identify at least one other reason that Jack could be displaying mouthy be-havior.: Jack would benefit from a variety of interventions to prevent burnout: exercise by a skilled rider outside of the arena, an evaluation of
4 / 51 The mare described has three balanced parts with a wide spring of her rib, which is indicative of a strong back. Additionally, at 16 hands this mare is not too tall for use of sidewalkers should they be required for those riding her.
5. When viewed from the front, the instructor should be looking for the equine's:: -
width of chest -correctness of legs -spring of rib
- head -depth of body
- symmetry
6. When viewed from the rear, the instructor should be looking for the equine's:: -
muscle definition -correctness of legs -depth of body
7. When viewed from the side, the instructor should be looking for the equine's::
•balance and symmetry
- length and thickness of neck
- length and lie of topline
- length of bone in the legs
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- depth of body
- joint angles
- correctness of legs
8. An equine's conformation will affect its "way of going." Each equine should be observed
in motion from the front, from the hind and from the side at all gaits as well as on a bend. With the equine in movement, the instructor should be watching for:: • unsoundness
- way of going
- footfall patterns on two tracks
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c. 2 | 3
d. 3 | 4
1 | 2: b. 2 | 1 1 | 2
11. While warming up an equine at the trot, the instructor observes the horse's head
pop up and then drop down dramatically and uncharacteristically and with the rhythm of the trot. What is happening?
a. When a lame foot strikes the ground, the horse's head pops up. When a
sound foot strikes the ground, the horse's head drops.
b. When a sound foot strikes the ground, the horse's head pops up. When a lame foot
strikes the ground, the horse's head drops.
c. When a horse has an energetic trot, the head movement is much more pronounced.
d. When a horse has an energetic trot, the horse's head will drop when the rider's outside leg
is too far behind the girth.: a. When a lame foot strikes the ground, the horse's head pops up. When a sound foot strikes the ground, the horse's head drops.
12. A horse leader is taking an equine in the ring for a warm-up. The instructor
notices the equine is walking behind the horse leader and is taking narrow, shortened
8 / 51 steps. What is MOST LIKELY the issue to address?
a. Abscess
b. Sidebone
c. Navicular syndrome
d. Arthritis: d. Arthritis
13. During a lesson, the instructor observes that an equine is swishing the tail,
nipping at people and pinning its ears. These behaviors could likely indicate any of the following EXCEPT:
a. unbalanced rider.
b. incorrect handling by leader.
c. increased enrichment in class.
d. having too many people in space.: c. increased enrichment in class.
14. Learning Modality: Auditory: Instructor
-Provide the riders with the task analysis of posting the trot. -Play music that has a 1-2 beat.* -Place bells on the equine to create a rhythm sound.* Riders and/or Sidewalkers -Count 1, 2, 1, 2 in rhythm with the horses' trot.
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17. What are the what, how and why components to develop the skill of walk/halt
transitions?: Why: Posting the trot is more comfortable for both the rider and the horse How: Eyes forward Shoulders over hips Heels down Hands on reins above the pommel of the saddle Stand up Sit down Continue to stand and sit in a 1-2 rhythm
18. A participant is sweating, breathing rapidly and refusing to comply with
directions. What is the MOST LIKELY cause of this behavior?
a. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. Anxiety
c. Sensory processing disorder
d. Bipolar disorder: b. Anxiety
19. Why is an atlantoaxial instability test required for participants with Down
syndrome?
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a. Physician indicates if the heart is healthy enough for activity.
b. Physician indicates if vertebra spacing is safe for activity.
c. Physician indicates if gastrointestinal abnormalities prevent activity.
d. Physician indicates if immune disorders prevent activity.: b. Physician indicates if
vertebra spacing is safe for activity.
20. When teaching a volunteer to support a rider, all of the following are
appropriate supports EXCEPT:
a. thigh hold
b. ankle hold
c. thigh and ankle hold
d. thigh and hip hold: d. thigh and hip hold
21. An instructor is teaching a horse leader proper procedures for an emer-gency
dismount. What does the horse leader do during this event?
a. Stay with the equine.
b. Stay with rider.
c. Unclip from the horse.
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22. All of the following responsibilities can be conducted by trained volunteers
EXCEPT:
a. physical warm-up of equines
b. mounting and dismounting
c. soundness check
d. cooling off of equines: c. soundness check
23. During an initial evaluation, a participant refuses to keep a helmet on for an
extended amount of time. What is the instructor's next BEST step?
a. Have the participant put on a hoodie to line the inside of the helmet.
b. Anticipate that the participant will wear the helmet for their first real lesson.
c. Provide the names of local therapists who can provide desensitization therapy for
a small fee.
d. Suggest the participant wear a snug hat throughout the day to become accustomed to the
feel.: d. Suggest the participant wear a snug hat throughout the day to become accustomed to the feel.
24. Identify which goal below is written in SMART format:
a. Within six weeks, Adam will demonstrate looking in the direction of move-ment for 15
minutes of lesson, as tracked by the instructor and sidewalker.
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b. Within six weeks, Patrick will understand how to say "whoa" and pull back on reins,
eight out of 10 attempts.
c.By the end of the spring and fall session, Melissa will tack her horse without assistance,
building accuracy in process and using a task analysis checklist.
d. By the end of the spring and fall session, Linda will comply with all directions from the
instructor, with 100% compliance.: a. Within six weeks, Adam will demonstrate looking in the direction of movement for 15 minutes of lesson, as tracked by the instructor and sidewalker.
25. When teaching a new volunteer about proper rider position, the instructor
describes how good posture supports participants to have all the following EXCEPT:
a. improved balance
b. minimized effort
c. ability to breathe
d. decreased spasticity: d. decreased spasticity
26. Which example below depicts specific praise?
a. "Perfect, do that again!"
b. "Excellent job, Jim!"
c. "Riders, great job stopping your horses!"
d. "Riders, try backing up once more!": c. "Riders, great job stopping your horses!"
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d. Finding a non-responsive equine that is calm with movements.: d. Finding a non-responsive
equine that is calm with movements.
30. For a rider struggling to grasp and shorten the reins, what would be a
suitably adaptive rein choice?
a. Ladder reins
b. Gaming reins
c. Rommel reins
d. Split reins: a. Ladder reins
31. What does SMART goals stand for?: Specific
Measurable Attainable Relavant/Realistic Time-bound
32. Horse First-Aid Kit Checklist: Horse thermometer
Topical antibiotic Antiseptic cleaner Surgical scrub Cotton roll Cling wrap Gauze pads, in assorted sizes directions
17 / 51 Sharp scissors Cup or container learning styles Sterile gloves Saline solution Stethoscope Slippers
33. A new participant is trying on a helmet for fit. The helmet is snug, and the
straps are adjusted to ensure the helmet does not tip backward or forward. What is the appropriate space between the rider's eyebrows and the helmet brim?
a. 1 finger's width
b. 2 fingers' width
c. 3 fingers' width
d. 4 fingers' width: b. 2 fingers' width
34. Which of the following is an appropriate aide to support a rider's foot?
a. Shoelaces to hold the rider's foot in the stirrup
b. Rubber bands to hold the rider's foot in the stirrup
c. Velcro to hold the rider's foot in the stirrup
d. Never use additional supplies to hold the rider's foot in place: b. Rubber bands to
hold the rider's foot in the stirrup
35. How many safety checks must be completed throughout an EAAT mounted
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d. All angles: d. All angles
38. Which type of tack is MOST supportive to riders?
a. Dressage saddle
b. Close-contact saddle
c. Australian saddle
d. Western saddle: d. Western saddle
39. How many fingers should fit between the gullet of the saddle and the
equine's withers?
a. 0
b. 1 to 2
c. 2 to 3
d. 3 to 4: c. 2 to 3
40. Which of the following is only found on Western saddles?
a. Pommel
b. Cantle
c. Skirt
d. Swell: d. Swell
41. Bits and bridles communicate with equines by utilizing pressure points. All of the
20 / 51 following are bit/bridle pressure points EXCEPT:
a. cheek
b. nose
c. roof of mouth
d. poll: a. cheek
42. Balanced Seat:: That position of the mounted rider that requires the minimum of muscular ettort to remain
in the saddle and that interferes least with the horse's movement and equilibrium.
43. Bight of the reins: The part of the reins passing between thumb and fingers and out the top of the hand.
44. Blemish:: A defect that hurts an equine's appearance but does not hurt its working ability (e.g., a scar).
45. Broke:: 1. Tamed and trained to a particular function, as halter-broke. 2. To leave or alter gait (e.g., the trotter
broke stride).
46. Canter or Lope:: A three-beat gait in which the first and third beats are made by two legs striking the
ground independently and the second beat is made by two limbs striking the ground simultaneously. In the left lead, the sequence of beats is (1) right hind leg, (2) left hind leg and right foreleg, and (3) left foreleg. The reverse applies for the right lead.
47. Cavesson:: Headstall with a noseband (often quite large) used for exercising and training horses.
48. Change of Lead:: Change of leading leg at the canter.
49. Cinch:: Girth of a Western saddle.
50. Cold-Backed:: Describes a horse that humps its back and does not settle down until the saddle has been
