EAPP - Structure and Summary | Study notes English

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

QUARTER 1 | WEEK 2

Topic Outline:

● Text Structure

● Techniques in Summarizing Variety of Academic

Texts

TEXT STRUCTURE

➔ Text structure refers to the way an author

arranges information in his writing.

➔ Text structure provides the format and

enables writers to organize their thoughts as

they write.

➔ It also helps the reader in a way that it

provides a structure in which information

can be found and understood while it is

being read.

➔ Structure is an important feature of

academic writing. A well-structured text

enables the reader to follow the argument

and navigate the text. In academic writing, a

clear structure and a logical flow are

imperative to a cohesive text. Meaning is

actually mapped onto the structure of

language.

COMMON TEXT STRUCTURES

Narrative

- Narrates an event/story with characters,

setting, conflict, point of view, and plot

Chronological, Process, or Sequence

- Present ideas or events in the order in

which they happen

Cause and Effect

- Provide explanations or reasons for

phenomena

Problem/Solution

- Identify problems and pose solutions

Compare and Contrast

- Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena,

showing how they are different and how

they are similar

Definition or Description

- Describes a topic by listing characteristics,

features, attributes, and examples

Why is Text Structure Important?

The readers can significantly improve their

comprehension and retention of information when

they can identify and recognize the text structure of

a text. It can also help them:

1. Organize information and details

they are learning in their minds while

reading.

2. Make connections between the

details being presented in a text

3. Summarize the important details

shared in a text

Techniques in Summarizing Variety of

Academic Texts

What is Summarizing?

● According to Buckley (2004), in her popular

writing text Fit to Print, summarizing is

reducing text to one-third or one-quarter its

original size, clearly articulating the author’s

meaning, and retaining main ideas.

● According to Diane Hacker (2008), in A

Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that

summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis

and main ideas “simply, briefly, and

accurately”.

● From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a

lot of information and creating a condensed

version that covers the main points; and to

express the most important facts or ideas

about something or someone in a short and

clear form.

Objectives

❖ to reproduce the overarching ideas in a text,

identifying the general concepts that run

through the entire piece,

❖ to express these overarching ideas using

precise, specific language.

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QUARTER 1 | WEEK 2 Topic Outline: ● Text Structure ● Techniques in Summarizing Variety of Academic Texts TEXT STRUCTURE ➔ Text structure refers to the way an author arranges information in his writing. ➔ Text structure provides the format and enables writers to organize their thoughts as they write. ➔ It also helps the reader in a way that it provides a structure in which information can be found and understood while it is being read. ➔ Structure is an important feature of academic writing. A well-structured text enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing, a clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text. Meaning is actually mapped onto the structure of language. COMMON TEXT STRUCTURES Narrative

Narrates an event/story with characters, setting, conflict, point of view, and plot Chronological, Process, or Sequence
Present ideas or events in the order in which they happen Cause and Effect
Provide explanations or reasons for phenomena Problem/Solution
Identify problems and pose solutions Compare and Contrast
Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena, showing how they are different and how they are similar Definition or Description
Describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, attributes, and examples Why is Text Structure Important? The readers can significantly improve their comprehension and retention of information when they can identify and recognize the text structure of a text. It can also help them:

Organize information and details they are learning in their minds while reading.
Make connections between the details being presented in a text
Summarize the important details shared in a text Techniques in Summarizing Variety of Academic Texts What is Summarizing? ● According to Buckley (2004), in her popular writing text Fit to Print, summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and retaining main ideas. ● According to Diane Hacker (2008), in A Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately”. ● From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points; and to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form. Objectives ❖ to reproduce the overarching ideas in a text, identifying the general concepts that run through the entire piece, ❖ to express these overarching ideas using precise, specific language. 1

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

QUARTER 1 | WEEK 2 Basic Rules A. Erase things that don’t matter. Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to understanding. B. Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material. In note taking, time and space is precious. If a word or phrase says basically the same thing you have already written down, then don’t write it again! C. Trade, general terms for specific names. Substitute superordinate terms for lists (e.g., flowers for daisies, tulips for roses). Focus on the big picture. Long, technical lists are hard to remember. If one word will give you the meaning, then less is more. D. Use your own words to write the summary. Write the summary using your own words but make sure to retain the main points. Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

Read the work thoroughly to understand the author's intent and prevent inaccurate summaries, which may constitute plagiarism.
Utilize visual summarization techniques like cause and effect charts, timelines, Venn diagrams, flowcharts, and infographics.
Focus on main points and supporting details, excluding illustrations, examples, and explanations to maintain simplicity.
Analyze the text to save time and plan an effective summary.
Consider what to include, ensuring coverage of key points and arguments.
Use paraphrasing to rephrase the author's words with your vocabulary while retaining the original information.
Organize ideas comprehensively for a better understanding of the document.
Craft a concise and precise summary, keeping in mind that it's a condensed version of the original paper. 9. Represent information using dimensional constructions for concepts, skills, or facts. 10. Avoid using the same words as the author by employing effective paraphrasing in your summary. Another 5 Easy Techniques in Summarizing Various Academic Texts Somebody Wanted But So Then

“Somebody Wanted But So Then” is an excellent summarizing strategy for stories. Each word represents a key question related to the story's essential elements: SAAC Method
The SAAC method is another useful technique for summarizing any kind of text (story, article, speech, etc). SAAC is an acronym for "State, Assign, Action, Complete." Each word in the acronym refers to a specific element that should be included in the summary. 5 W's, 1 H
The 5 W's, 1 H strategy relies on six crucial questions: who, what, when, where, why, and how. These questions make it easy to identify the main character, the important details, and the main idea. First, Then, Finally
The "First Then Finally" technique helps students summarize events in chronological order. The three words represent the beginning, main action, and conclusion of a story, respectively. Give Me the Gist
When someone asks for "the gist" of a story, they want to know what the story is about. In other words, they want a summary—not a retelling of every detail. To introduce the gist method, explain that summarizing is just like giving a friend the gist of a story, and have your students tell each other about their favorite books or movies in 15 seconds or less. 2

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Download EAPP - Structure and Summary and more Study notes English in PDF only on Docsity!

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES