Download Firefighting Principles and Practices and more Exams Safety and Fire Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!
IFSTA 7th EDITION ALL CHAPTERS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2024 NEW!!
The formal line of authority, responsibility, and communication within an organization - Answer chain of command (P. 14) When an employee reports directly to just one supervisor. - Answer Unity of Command (P. 14) Span of Control - Answer 3 to 7. Optimal 5 (P. 14) Personnel that deliver emergency services to the public. - Answer Line Personnel (P. 16) Personnel that provide administrative and logistical support for line personnel. - Answer Staff Personnel (P. 16) Guide to decision-making within an organization. Sets boundaries and establish standards of conduct. - Answer Policy (P. 21) Detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a recurring problem/situation. - Answer Procedure (P. 21) SOP vs SOG? - Answer SOP - Standard Operating Procedure : Hard and Fast Rules SOG - Standard Operating Guideline : allows firefighters some leeway in particular situations (P. 21) Incident Priorities? (3) - Answer Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation (P. 23) How often should PPE be cleaned? (Per IFSTA) - Answer Twice annually and after every exposure to smoke. (P. 29) Acute Illnesses VS Chronic Illnesses? - Answer Acute Illnesses (colds/viruses) last only a few days Chronic illnesses (cancer/diabetes) are long-lasting and can even be fatal (P. 31)
How should apparatus be mounted/dismounted? - Answer - 3 points of contact
- Facing Apparatus
- Using handholds (P.
Personnel who are directly involved in disposing of the problem are allowed to enter this zone. - Answer Hot Zone (P. 40) Personnel who are directly supporting personnel. Personnel in this zone are also in full protective clothing. - Answer Warm Zone (P. 40 - 41) This zone may include incident command posts, rapid intervention crews, PIO, rehabilitation and staging (crews and equipment). - Answer Cold Zone (P. 41) How should scene lighting be positioned on roadways? - Answer Directed toward the scene, not into the eyes of approaching drivers. (P. 42) Electrical wires in contact with the ground, causing current to flow outward in all directions. - Answer Ground Gradient (P. 45) (Definition: P.48) How far away should you be from a downed power line? - Answer Approximately 2 poles away (P. 45) Central location that takes all emergency calls and routes the call to the fire, emergency medical, or law enforcement dispatcher. - Answer Public Safety Answering Point (P. 58) Ex. : JMTC Use of plain English in radio communications transmissions. No 10-codes or agency specific codes are used. - Answer Clear Text (P. 71) Different Types of Radio Systems? (3 Types) - Answer Base Station Radios (telecommunications centers, training centers, admin offices) Mobile Radios (Apparatus) Portable Radios (Handheld) (P. 63-
Communications that allow the same radio channel to be used by other groups that are located at a greater distance from the first group. - Answer Direct Communication (P.
Physical Barriers Dead zones Interference Ambient Noise (P. 66) Methods of overcoming physical barriers (Communications) - Answer Turn body 90˚ Lift radio higher Raise antenna up straight (P. 67) Distance between mouth (or SCBA voice port) when making a radio transmission? - Answer 1 - 2 inches (P. 70) Determination of the type of building construction? - Answer Construction Material & Resistance to Fire Exposure (P. 77) Five Types of Building Construction? - Answer Type I - Fire Resistive Type II - Noncombustible Type III - Ordinary construction Type IV - Heavy Timber Type V - Wood Frame Roof Types (8) - Answer Pitched Gambrel Mansard Saw Tooth Hip Shed Lantern Butterf ly (P.
Usually plywood or Oriented Strand Board (OSB) applied at right angles over rafters, sometimes over the entire roof? - Answer Roof Decking or sheathing material (P. 91) Truss Types (4) - Answer Parallel Chord Arched Chord Pitched Chord Bowstring Truss (P. 94)
Door consisting of vertical and horizontal members that frame a rectangular area? - Answer Panel Door (P. 104)
Chemical reactions that absorb energy? - Answer endothermic reactions (water converting to steam) (P. 120) Models to explain the elements of fire and how fires can be extinguished? - Answer Fire Triangle (Fuel, Oxygen, and Heat) Fire Tetrahedron (Fuel(Reducing Agent), Oxidizing Agent, Heat, Chemical Chain Reaction) (P. 120 - 121) Chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating? - Answer Pyrolysis (P.
Physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state? - Answer Vaporization (P. 180) Occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion process? - Answer Piloted Ignition (P. 120) Occurs without any external flame or spark to ignite the fuel gases or vapors. - Answer Autoignition (P. 120) Minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self- sustained combustion. - Answer Autoignition Temperature (P.
Combustion that occurs slowly, at a lower temperature, producing a smoldering glow in the material's surface. - Answer Nonflaming Combustion (P. 123) Combustion that produces a visible flame above the material's surface. Commonly referred to as fire. - Answer Flaming Combustion (P. 123) Aerosol comprised of gases, vapor, and solid particles. Product of "Incomplete Combustion" - Answer Smoke (P. 124) Different products of combustion? (3) - Answer Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Colorless & Odorless, Decreases bloods ability to carry oxygen Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) - Contains nitrogen, 35 times more toxic than CO Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - Non-Toxic, still displaces existing oxygen (P. 124 - 126) Ignition without the addition of external heat? - Answer Spontaneous Ignition (P. 129)
Mechanisms of heat transfer (3). - Answer Conduction - Direct contact with a heat source Convection - Circulation or movement of a fluid (Liquid or Gas) Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves (P. 131)
When sufficient oxygen is available for flaming combustion. - Answer Fuel- Limited Fires (P. 145)
When fires have access to all of the fuel needed to maintain combustion.
- Answer Ventilation-Limited Fires (P. 145) 4 Stages of Fire Development - Answer Incipient, Growth, Fully Developed, Decay (P. 146) Hot gasses in the plume rise until they encounter the ceiling and then spread horizontally. - Answer Ceiling Jet (P. 146) When gases form into layers according to temperature, gas density, and pressure. - Answer Thermal Layering (P. 150) Space between the air intake and the exhaust outlet. - Answer Flow Path (P.
Interface between the hot gas layers and cooler layer of air. - Answer Neutral Plane (P. 150) Rapid transition from growth stage to the fully developed stage of a fire. Combustible materials and gases in the compartment ignite almost simultaneously. - Answer Flashover (P. 153) Condition where the unturned fire gases that have accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas layer or across the ceiling. - Answer Rollover (P. 154) 4 Elements of Flashover - Answer Transition in fire development, Rapidity, Compartment, Pyrolysis of all exposed fuel surfaces. (P. 154) Methods of controlling flowpath? - Answer Tactical Ventilation Door Control (P. 162) Critical Temperature of steel. Temperature at which steel begins to weaken. - Answer 1000˚ (P. 174) Two basic functions of station and work uniforms. - Answer 1. Identify the wearer as a member of the organization
- Provide a layer of protection against direct flame contact Protective coats and trousers must be made of what 3 components? - Answer 1. Outer Shell
PASS (Personal Alert Safety System) must meet what requirements? - Answer
- At least 95 Decibels
- Must go off continuously for at least 1 hour (P. 194) Maximum noice exposure levels? - Answer 90 Decibels U.S. ( canada) (P. 195) PPE Inspection should occur...(4) - Answer Start of work shift After use After Washing, Repair, Decontamination Periodic Basis (P. 199) HUD (Heads Up Display) must display the breathing cylinder content in what incriminates? - Answer 100, 75, 50, 33% (P. 214) SCBA Cylinders must be filled with what kind of air? - Answer TYPE 1 GRADE D quality air (P. 222) IDLH atmospheres require personnel to work in teams of? - Answer Two or More (P. 227) Personnel in an IDLH atmosphere must remain in with each other.
- Answer Physical, Voice, or Visual Contact with each other (P. 227) True or False: Radio contact between personnel is sufficient in an IDLH atmosphere - Answer FALSE (Radio contact is not sufficient) (P. 227) Non-emergency exit indicators (5) - Answer situation is stabilized change in operational strategy replace air cylinder IC orders a non-emergency withdrawal assignment completed (P. 227) Emergency exit indicators (6) - Answer Activation of SCBA Low-Pressure Alarm SCBA failure Withdrawal orders issued by IC or Safety Officer Change in environmental conditions Change in o2 levels Indications of new hazard (P. 227)
Point at which air in SCBA will last only long enough to exit a hazardous atmosphere. - Answer Point of No Return (P. 230) Exception when a member may work alone in an IDLH? What should the second member be doing outside? - Answer In a confined space were two members cannot fit. Second team member should remain outside the area monitoring the search line. (P.
Fire Classifications (5) - Answer A - Ordinary Combustibles (Green Triangle) B - Flammable Liquids (Red Square) C - Electrical Equipment (Blue Circle) D - Combustible Metals (Yellow Star) K - Cooking Oils (Black Octagon) (P. 255) Class A Fire Extinguisher Rating Parameters - Answer 1A-40A (P. 255) Calculation for water capacity of a Class A Extinguisher - Answer Multiply the number in front of the "A" by 1 and 1/4 Gallons (P. 255) Class B Fire Extinguisher Rating Parameters based on approximate square footage - Answer 1B-640B (P. 256) Methods of extinguishing a fire (4) - Answer Smothering - Excluding oxygen from burning process Cooling - Reducing the burning material below ignition temperature Chemical Flam Inhibition - Interrupting the chemical chain reaction Saponification - forming an oxygen- excluding soapy form surface (P. 258) Kernmantle Rope - Answer Sheath - Mantle Core - Kern The core of a kernmantle rope accounts for % of total strength? - Answer 75% (P. 279) A rope with a braided core and braided sheath - Answer Braid on Brain rope (Double- Braided) (P. 281) Distribution of strength for a braid on braid rope? - Answer 50/50 (Half in the core, half in the sheath) (P. 281) Rope should not sustain load for more than days? - Answer Two (P.
(P. 286)
Three components of a knot? - Answer Working end Running part Standing part (P.287) Removing slack from a knot is called? - Answer "Dressing" the knot (P. 287) A suitable knot for use is a knot that (3) - Answer Easy to tie and untie Be secure under load Reduce the ropes strength as LITTLE as possible (P. 287) (PER IFSTA) the tail on a water knot should be at least inches long. - Answer 3 inches (P. 291) PER OSHA, what piece of equipment shall NOT be raised or lowered with rope or webbing? - Answer Pressurized cylinders (SCBA Cylinders) (P. 291) Non-load-bearing rope used in conjunction while hoisting equipment to prevent the spinning and snagging of the equipment - Answer Tag Line (P.
- Definition (P. 297) 5 Types of Ground Ladders - Answer Single Folding Combination Extension Roof (P. 318) Designated ladder length must be marked within inches of the butt plate - Answer 12 inches (P. 320) What temperature is the heat sensor preset to on a ground ladder? - Answer 300˚F (P.
Ladders shall not be raised within Feet of electrical wires. - Answer 10 Feet (P. 324) A residential story averages Feet with a distance of Feet from the floor to the window sill. - Answer 10 Feet, 3 Feet (P. 327)
A commercial story averages Feet with a distance of Feet from the floor to the window sill. - Answer 12 Feet, 4 Feet (P. 327)
A minimum of Personnel are required for a wide-area search. - Answer 3 Personnel Minimum (P. 461)
Search line should be tied feet outside of the entry point and Feet from the floor/ground. - Answer 10 Feet 3 Feet (P. 461) G R A B L I V E S Procedure - Answer Gauge Radio Activate Pass Device Breathing Stay LOW Illuminat e Volume Exit Shield L U N A R S - Answer Location Unit Name Assignment & Air Supply Resources Needed (PER IFSTA) a RIT/RIC is consists of at least Personnel. - Answer 2 Personnel (P. 473) Planned and systematic removal of heated air, smoke, gases or other airborne contaminants from a structure, replacing them with cooler and/or fresher air to meet the incident priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation. - Answer Tactical Ventilation (P. 493) 3 Methods of horizontal ventilation - Answer Natural (Opening doors or windows) Mechanical (Fans and Smoke Ejectors) Hydraulic (Use of water streams) (P. 506) When working on a roof, ground ladders should be extended at least Rungs above the edge of roof, or top of parapet wall - Answer At least 3 rungs (P. 515) Two types of inspection cuts: - Answer Kerf Triangle (P. 518) Transports water from a fire hydrant or other water supply source to an apparatus equipped with a pump. - Answer Supply Hose (P. 541)
