General Physics grade 12, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Physics

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UCSP REVIEWER

Anthropology - the study of human beings and their

ancestors. Seeks knowledge about what makes

people different and what do they have in

common.

An anthropologist is a person who studies the field

of anthropology. They formulate and test

hypotheses concerning humankind so they develop

theories about our species. The roots of

anthropology can be traced to initial accounts of

early traders such as Marco Polo.

Types of

Anthropology

Physical Anthropology

Studies the current, historical and pre-

historical,

bio-cultural aspects of human to understand

human creature.

They focus on humans as biological organisms to

trace their origins, evolutionary development,

genetics and variation

They analyze fossils and observe living primates to

reconstruct the ancestry of the human species

Cultural Anthropology

Investigate the contrasting ways of group of

humans. Study of customary patterns in human

behavior, thought and feelings. Focuses humans as

culture-producing and reproducing creatures.

Ethnology - pag aaral ng mga etniko

Ethnography - pagsusulat sa mga etniko

Fieldwork - pagpunta sa mismong mga lugar

Archaeology

Recovers information about human culture by

studying material samples, skeletal remains, and

settlements in order to describe and explain

human behavior. Study tools, pottery that remains

as the testimony of earlier cultures

● Manunggul Jar - secondary burial jar

excavated from a Neolithic burial site in

the Manunggul Cave of the Tabon Caves

in Palawan, Philippines. Represents the

journey of the soul to the afterlife.

Linguistic Anthropology

Study the nature and nuances of languages.

● Language - way a sentence is formed or

verb is conjugated.

● Historical Linguistics - way languages

change over time

● Sociolinguistics - study of language in

social settings

Sociology (Socius Logos) - study of society.

Pragmatic definition by Becker: Sociology is the

study of people doing things together. Humans are

social beings, not only for survival, but importantly

because our very sense of self derives from our

membership in society.

Auguste Comte (French Philosopher) - Father of

Sociology. A proponent of positivism; believed that

the major goal of sociology was to understand

society as it actually

Culture is a way of life (material, ideas, values and

behavior)

● Material culture - physical objects that

people create and use

● Non Material culture - abstract human

creations

1. Culture defines situations
2. Culture defines attitudes, values, goals
3. Culture defines myth, legends, and the

supernatural

4. Culture provides the individual a ready made

view of the universe

5. Culture provides behavior patterns

Aspect of cultures:

1. Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive - Culture is

adaptive, all cultures change, or else they would

have problems adjusting and adapting to

environments.

2. Shared and contested - As we

share culture with others, we are able to

act in appropriate ways, as well as predict

how others will act.

3. Learning through socialization-

culture is not biological, we do not inherit

or born out of it, but learned as we

interact in society.

4. Pattern social interactions - it sets

the pattern in terms of what is

appropriate or inappropriate in a given

setting.

5. Integrated and at times unstable - all aspects of a

culture are related to one another and to truly

understand a culture, one must learn about all of

its parts not only a few.

6. Transmitted through socialization -

as we share our culture with outhers, we

were able to pass it on to the new

members of society or the younger

generation in different ways.

7. Requires language and forms - in the process of

learning and transmitting culture, we need

symbols and language to communicate with others

in society.

WEEK#3 CULTURE RELATIVISM II: ETHNO AND

XENOCENTRISM

Culture shock as a disruption to cultural sensitivity

-The feeling of disorientation experienced by

someone who is suddenly subjected to an

unfamiliar cultural way of life, or set of attitudes.

This can result from encountering different ways of

doing things.

Cultural Relativism

-ability to understand a culture on its own terms

and not to make judgements using the standards

of one’s own culture. It promotes the

understanding of cultural practices that are

unfamiliar to other cultures, such as eating

insects, genocides, or genital cutting.

Ruth and Benedict (1887-1948) argued that each

culture has an internally consistent pattern of

thoughts and actions, which alone could be the

basis for judging the merits and morality of the

culture’s practices.

Franz Boa s is well known for his theory of cultural

relativism , which held that all cultures were

essentially equal but simply had to be understood

in in their own terms.

ETHNOCENTRISM (ethnic and center)

• is the practice where we tend to believe that our

own culture, ethnic group, race, etc. are superior to

others. We make judgments based on our own

culture, we tend to believe that we practice in our

culture is right. (tayo vs.sila)

William Graham Sumner described the term,

involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture

is superior than all others. A group or society uses

their own value and norms as yardstick in

measuring other folkways and values.

POSITIVE

• Ethnocentrism contributes to the integrity of

culture because it affirms people’s shared beliefs

and values in the face ot other, often

contradictory, beliefs and values held by people of

other cultural backgrounds.

NEGATIVE

• Ethnocentrism has led people to commit
• ethnocide, the destruction of cultures and
• genocide, the destruction of enire population

XENOCENTRISM (Alien and Center)

• Preference for other cultural practices of other

cultures and societies, such as how they live and

what they eat, rather than of one’s own social was

of life.

WEEK 4: CULTURAL/SOCIAL SYMBOLS AND

PRACTICES

Symbol is an object, word or action that stands for

something else, without natural relationship, that

is culturally defined. Symbols such as gestures,

signs, objects, signals and words help people

understand the world.

Functions of Symbols and Symbolism

1. Social symbols are used to transfer culture,

ideologies or beliefs from group to another group

of people.

2. Symbols are also used to preserve traditions or

beliefs of a certain group of people.

3. All symbols contain the “face” and “hidden”

values, the hidden value, in a functional

perspective, holds greater meaning and

importance than the face value.

4. Symbols and symbolism have

been used to create movements, spread

ideas and share advocacies that

surpasses time and distance.

Types of Symbols

1. Cultural Symbols manifestation that signifies

ideology of a particular culture that has meaning

within that culture.

2. Social Symbols is related to

human societies and its modes of

organization (i.e., social classes, social

problems, social issues, etc.).

3. Political Symbols used to represent political

standpoint; seen in various media and forms such

as banners, flag, motto, etc.

4. Economic Symbols are used in production,

distribution and consumption of goods and

services like currency, market, labor, demands and

other economic activities.

CULTURAL PRACTICES

This is the manifestation of a culture or sub-

culture, especially concerning the traditional and

customary practices of a particular ethnic or other

cultural group.

A religious symbol is an iconic representation

intended to represent a specific religion, or a

specific concept within a given religion.

Some Examples of Religious Symbols around the

World

Christian Cross has traditionally been a symbol

representing Christianity as a whole and is the

best-known symbol of Christianity

Star and crescent symbols were used in the flag of

the Ottoman Empire from 1844. It was only

gradually associated with Islam due to its

ubiquitous use in the decorations of Ottoman

mosques in the late 19th Century.

Jewish flag featuring hexagrams alongside other

devices appears from as early as the 14th or 15th

century CE. Use of the Star of David to represent

the Jewish community is first recorded in Vienna in

the 17th century CE.

Child- rearing Practices- respectful (used of the

words mano, po at opo ), obedience to parents

and elders, no talking back to elders, removing

footwear before entering the house, family

mealtime, ninong/ninang, ate/kuya, punishment

using

belt/tsinelas.

OTHER FILIPINO PRACTICES

The Filipino culture practices is an exuberant story

that tells of the nation’s journey through the

centuries.

1. Mano po - It is an & " honoring-gesture; used in

Filipino culture performed as a sign of respect to

elders and as a way of requesting a blessing from

the elder.

2. Hospitable - It is giving more than your best to

make any guest feel at home as much as

possible. (“My house is your house ") is taken

literally, and they want to make the guests feel

as comfortable as possible

3. Close family ties - They place high regard and put

importance on their family before anything else.

They work all day and do all they can to feed and

provide for their family.

4. Bayanihan - The Bayanihan spirit shows Filipinos’

concept of helping one another most especially in

times of need without expecting anything in

return.

5. Courtship - It is described as a "far more

subdued and indirect" approach compared

to Western or Westernized cultures. Evident in

courtship in the Philippines is the practice of

singing romantic love songs, reciting poems,

writing letters, and gift-giving.

Types of Courtship

1. Pasaguli (Palawan) - parents of both

the suitor and the pursued lady are

present in the event where love riddles

are delivered for two major

-to showcase certain expressions of love

-to assess the sentiments of the parents

of both Parties.

2. Harana - men introduce themselves and

woo admired their lady by serenading

underneath her window at night.

3. Paninilbihan - act of giving certain

presents for the family and visiting the

woman consistently

6. Living with parents - In a Filipino household,

it is common to find three generations living

together.

7. Eating with a fork and spoon - As part of the

table manners, spoon is held with the right hand

and the fork in the left.

8. Kamayan - The act of eating food with your

hands and with other people (salu-salo).

9. Filipinos are communal - Togetherness and

connectedness with others is highly valued.

(Prof. Felipe M. de Leon, Jr.) “Filipinos love to

connect”

6 ASPECTS TO CONSIDER

• Writer’s purpose, writing tone and

style, reader’s goal, specific

language, organization, discipline-

specific features.

TEXT STRUCTURE - the way authors

organize information in the text.

READING TECHNIQUES

1. SKIMMING - will help you grasp the

general idea of a text.

2. SCANNING - allows you to locate precise

information.

TYPES OF SOURCES OF DATA

1. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION - include

information collected and processed

directly by the researcher.

2. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION -

include

information retrieved through pre-existing sources.

2 WAYS TO PRESENT CITATIONS

1. IN-TEXT CITATIONS - insertion of a

citation within the text itself.

2. REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY -

comprehensive list of sources, which is

found at the end of articles.

PARENTHETICAL CITATION - Early morning

exercise has the most significant impact on

metabolism (Miller, 2023).

NARRATIVE CITATION - Miller (2023)

suggests that early morning exercise has

the most significant impact on metabolism.

WEEK 2: THESIS STATEMENTS,

INTEGRATING SOURCES, AND OUTLINING

THESIS STATEMENT - main point, a main

idea, or a central message a statement that

captures your position on the main idea.

3 Components of a Thesis Statement

1. Topic - general subject of the text or essay

Example: school uniforms in secondary education

2. Controlling Idea - view or opinion or

feeling about the topic. Example: should be

required

3. Sub-Topic (optional) – supporting reason

that you choose to prove your claim

Example: because they are more inclusive and

foster unity

Steps in Writing a Good Thesis Statement:

Step 1: Start with a

question Step 2:

Write your initial

answer Step 3:

Develop your answer

Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement

Integrating sources means incorporating

another scholar’s ideas or words into your

work. It can be done by:

DIRECT

QUOTING

SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING

when you shortening a process

another

author in

your paper,

in quotation

marks,

without

changing

them.

or main thought. meaning using

our own words.

TECHNIQUES:

• Selection
• Rejection
• Substitution

IMPORTANT SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUES

Selection - It is essential to select major ideas, key

words and phrases, special terms and

interpretations presented in the original resource.

Rejection - It is a process of removing unnecessary

data. Substitution – This technique includes

synthesis. It is a mode of combining several

sentences

into one sentence.

FORMATS IN SUMMARIZING

1. IDEA HEADING FORMAT - In this format,

the summarized idea comes before the

citation.

2. AUTHOR HEADING FORMAT -

the

summarized idea comes after the citation.

The author's name/s is/are connected by

an appropriate reporting verb.

3. DATE HEADING FORMAT - In this format,

the summarized idea comes after the

date when the material was published.

WHAT IS AN OUTLINE?

• An outline presents a picture of the main ideas

and the subsidiary ideas of any subject.

TYPES OF OUTLINES

Alphanumeric Outline - The alphanumeric outline is

the standard format most people learned in high

school English.

Full Sentence Outline - The full sentence outline is

similar to the alphanumeric outline in

that it follows the same format.

Decimal Outline - The decimal outline is similar to

the alphanumeric outline. The primary difference

between is that the decimal outline is written using

decimals to note each heading and subheading.

WEEK 3: INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL WRITING

CRITICAL WRITING - a form of writing that

typically evaluates and interprets a piece of work.

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD CRITIQUE?

(1) Summary is a brief, concise, and comprehensive

way of covering main points. This shows the

strengths and weaknesses of a piece of literary

work as it condenses and assesses the content of

it. (2) Analysis simply evaluates a piece of work.

This explains important points that need to be

interpreted clearly. ( 3) Critique is a balance of

discussion and analysis of a specific work of

literature.

1. Feminist Approach/Criticism - This type of approach typically presents

women as subjects of socio-political,

psychological, and economic oppression.

• This also depicts how our culture sees

men as more powerful than women.

2. Marxist Approach/Criticism - This approach is concerned mainly with

the differences between economic classes

and implications of the capitalist system.

• This focuses on the continuous conflicts

between the working class and the elites

3. Reader-Response Approach - Focuses on the reader’s reaction and own

interpretation.

4. Queer Approach - Focuses on gender and sexuality. - It helps in interpreting and critiquing the

representation of LGBTQIA+ identities and

anthemes in literature.

5. New Historicism Approach/Criticism - Prioritizes literature within historical and

social contexts.

• Analyzing a text in light of the political,

social, and economic conditions of the

writer's time.

6. Psychoanalytic Approach/Criticism - helps the readers in resolving one’s

psychological problems

• Focuses on the mind, thoughts, and actions.

WEEK 4: WRITING OBJECTIVE AND BALANCED

REVIEWS

BALANCE REVIEW – a systematic way of presenting

facts and the truthfulness of a piece of work.

TECHNIQUES FOR MAINTAINING OBJECTIVITY

● Use facts and data

● Convey opposing views

● Avoid personal judgment

● Avoid emotive language

Emotive Language ✖ Neutral Language ✔

I strongly believe that

the Philippine

government is not

doing enough to

assert our territorial

rights in the West

Philippine Sea, and

their current

approach seems far

too passive given the

continuous

encroachments.

The

Philippine

government's

strategy for asserting

territorial rights in the

West Philippine Sea

has drawn

scrutiny

regarding its

perceived passivity in

the face of Continuous

encroachments.

STRUCTURE OF A BALANCED REVIEW:

I. Introduction

II. Summary

III. Analysis & Evaluation

a. Advantages of the Transparency Initiative

b. Disadvantages and Criticisms of the

Transparency Initiative

IV. Conclusion

INTRODUCTION - An introduction provides an

overview of the entire paper.

SUMMARY - Elaborates on the main claim of your

review. ANALYSIS & EVALUATION - This part is

where you will be providing your evaluation of

the text being critiqued.

4. BACKGROUND - The literature review gives an

account of the prior research conducted and its

relation to the study being conducted. This part

makes the current state of research and the

context for the specific study comprehensible to

the reader.

5. OBJECTIVES - Goals will state what the research

intends or seeks to accomplish. S.M.A.R.T. is an

acronym of specific, measurable, achievable,

relevant and time-bound, which these goals

should meet. Targets assist in the outlining of the

research process and help to determine what this

study aims to achieve.

6. HYPOTHESIS - an assumed solution or answer

based on which the research will operate to

provide evidence. It provides a clear research

hypothesis that stems from theoretical frameworks

or past studies.

7. METHODOLOGY - The data collection information

is presented in the methodology section, which

outlines the research design and techniques

employed.

8. TIMELINE - This shows how different phases of

the research will be accomplished at different

points in the project timeline.

9. REFERENCES - l ist of all sources that were used

or referred to in the development of the concept

paper is compiled in the references section.

ELEMENTS OF CONCEPT PAPER FOR A PROJECT

1. COVER PAGE - details about the

proponents, organization, contact details,

title of the proposal, the name of the

client or funder, the date of submission,

and any other relevant details

2. INTRODUCTION - It explains the nature

and scope of the particular problem or

challenge that the concept paper seeks to

solve.

3. RATIONALE - defines the relevance of the

project or research. It should focus on the

possible significance, advantages, and

value of the project within the given field

or society.

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION - p articularly

addresses goals and objectives, is one of

the important components of a concept

paper.

5. METHODOLOGY (ACTION PLAN) - The

method or activities will be congruent

with or based on what has been tried in

the field in the past, they have to be

based on research findings; these designs

will have to be relatively affordable and

not very complicated.

6. PROJECT NEEDS AND COST - highlights

the key activities that need to be

completed in order to accomplish the

project and offers a cost breakdown of the

venture.

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING CONCEPT PAPERS

STEP 1: Choose a topic

a. Focus

b. Objectives

c. Target Audience

d. Methodology

e. Findings

f. Conclusion

Step 2: Make a list of SIMILARITIES and

DIFFERENCES

STEP 3: Organize the content

STEP 4: Use transitional phrases

CPAR REVIEWER

WEEK 1: ART

-Art is a human expression through skills and

imagination.

-Manifest through various mediums

-Reflects unique perspectives on the world.

Purpose of Art

• Tool for emotional expression
• Ways to communicate feelings
• Method to interpret the world
• Means of cultural documentation
• Vehicle for social commentary

MODERN ART (1880 - 1970) Art:

• Fauvism
• Impressionism
• Surrealism

Artists:

• Pablo Picasso
• Salvador Dali
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Frida Kahlo

Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art

• Victorio Edades
• Hernando Ocampo
• Carlos Botong Francisco

CONTEMPORARY ART (1970 - present)

• Produced by living artists.
• Uses diverse media forms.
• Addresses current global issues

Philippine Contemporary Art

• Reflects national cultural heritage
• Addressed social issues
• Embraces modern challenges
• Uses multiple mediums
• Engages with globalization

Arts :

Jeff Koons,Yoko Ono, Banksy, Yayoi Kusama

ELEMENTS OF ART

1. FORM (3D): depth, width, height. Basis for

sculpture and creates illusion in 2D art

2. LINE: “Strokes” in digital artworks. Creates

movement and direction and create emotion.

Marks distance between

2 points which is used for outline and implied

lines in artwork and design.

3. COLOR: Forms when light interacts with an

object, either being reflected or absorbed.

Hue- Basic color names

Intensity- Color Vividness

Value - Light and Dark

Variations

4. SPACE: Creates depth and perspective. Can be

positive (subject) or negative (backround). The

area around and within objects.

5. TEXTURE: Denotes the

smoothness, rudgedness of the image of

object. Can be actual or implied visually.

Adds dimension to artwork. How it feels.

6. SHAPE: 2-dimensional, flat area enclosed by

lines. Creates visual structure

WEEK 2: CONTEMPORARY PH ARTS 2

PRE COLONIAL ART- Daily life and function

• Art had social utility and was part of everyday life.

-Weaving for clothing and identity symbols.

• Metalwork for tools and weapons.
• Oral literature: chants, epics, and songs.

Rituals and Community Practice

-planting, harvesting, marriage, funerals.

-Kashawing of Lake Lanao: reenacts ancestral

pact for harvest abundance.

-Tagbanwa rituals: rice planting and spirit communication.

Performance Arts Before Colonization

-Hunting experiences inspired mimetic dance,

drama, and poetry.

-Movement imitation is used for ritual preparation.

-Music and dance worked together for spiritual

and celebratory purposes.

Indigenous Music and Dances

-Agung ensemble: large gongs producing layered

rhythmic patterns.

-Banog-banog (Higaonon, B’laan): bird-movement dance.

-Man-manok (Bagobo): ritual bird Dance.

-Talip (Ifugao): courtship dance representing traditions

and relationships.

Indigenous Beliefs and Symbolic Art

-Strong animistic belief system.

-(Bulul) wooden rice guardian figure.

-Curvilinear motifs in wood, metal, and architecture.

-Symbols and carvings express

spirituality and community identity.

SPANISH COLONIAL ART

- Cultural Shift

-Spanish arrival in 16th century changed

indigenous art forms.

-Catholicism

-Churches and plazas became central

structures.

-Birth of Christian themes in art.

Religious Art and Music

-Santos and retablos as church imagery.

-Paintings visualized biblical stories for evangelization.

-Music focused on liturgical chants and pasyon/pabasa.

-Secular music evolved: awit, korido, kundiman, balitao.

Theater and Revolutionary Literature

• Rise of sarsuwela, senakulo, and komedya as

popular entertainment.

• Spanish suppression led to nationalist sentiment.
• Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo

exposed colonial abuses.

AMERICAN COLONIAL INFLUENCE

• Public education system introduced; English

became the medium of instruction.

• Philippine Literature in English began to develop.
• 1925: Paz Marquez Benitez's 'Dead Stars'

marked literary maturity.

Visual Arts and Performance

-Popularization of secular arts; vaudeville/bodabil.

-Establishment of UP School of Fine Arts.

-Fernando Amorsolo: master of light, Western-

influenced style.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION AND PROPAGANDA ART

• Japanese rule pushed for nationalism

through propaganda.

• Sendenbu controlled media and cultural

production.

• Felipe Padilla de León composed 'Awit sa

Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas'.

CONTEMPORARY ART: MARCOS ERA TO MARTIAL

LAW

• Birth of Contemporary Philippine Art under

Marcos.

• The Cultural Centre of the Philippines was

established.

• Martial Law resulted in censorship and the rise of

social realism.

• Jose Lacaba’s 'Prometheus Unbound' used

acrostic protest.

Post-Martial Law and Modern Contemporary Art

-Democracy restored; expressive freedom

expanded.

-Artists explored identity, politics, technology,

and multimedia.

-Blurring of traditional art categories.

-Social media and digital tools transformed art

creation and sharing

WEEK 3: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE VISUAL AND

PERFORMING ARTS

Fine Arts - Created primarily for appearance rather

than function.

Drawing – a form of visual art in which an artist

uses instruments to mark paper or another two-

dimensional surface.

Painting – a form of visual art in which an artist

applies paint, pigment, color or other medium to a

solid surface.

Sculpture – an artistic form in which hard or plastic

materials are worked into three-dimensional art

objects.

Architecture – an artistic process of sketching,

conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing

buildings or other structures.

Art Prints – a process of making an art through

pressing an inked carved image in a hard surface

(known as a matrix) to a paper or another material

to produce an image.

Decorative Arts - Aesthetically pleasing and

functional. Also known as decorative. Formerly

considered ‘lower arts’.

Weaving (Textile Art) – the process of crossing one

group of threads, the weft, with a second group of

threads, the warp, to make cloth.

Jewelry Making – the process of creating

ornamental pieces worn for personal decoration or

adornment.

Furniture Making – the process of creating

equipment with the purpose to make a person's

living space more suitable for working or living.

Pottery – the process and the products of

forming vessels and other objects with clay and

other ceramic materials, which are fired at high

temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.

*Both use drama and storytelling

Integrative Art -Combines multiple art disciplines.

Common in contemporary art due to cultural

blending. Spoken poetry

WEEK 4: NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Order of National Artists

• Highest national honor for Filipino Artist

Administered by NCCA & CCP

• Conferred by the President
• Measures vision, creativity, technical proficiency
• Established under Proclamation No.1001, April 27,

Purpose of the award

-Recognize contributions to cultural heritage

-Promote Filipino artistic accomplishments

-Encourage new paths for future artists

Categories of Recognition

**1. Literature

2. Film & Broadcast Arts
3. Architecture, Design & Allied Arts
4. Music
5. Dance
6. Theater
7. Visual Arts**

Insignia of the Order

-Grand Collar with arts links and sunburst

-Center: Philippine Flag colors + CCP motto

'Katotohanan, Kabutihan, Kagandahan'.

-Material: Silver gilt bronze

Qualifications:

• Natural-born Filipino citizens
• Contributions build Filipino sense of nationhood
• Unique artistic expression
• National & international recognition

Nomination & Conferment Process

• Nominated by peers or institutions
• Reviewed by NCCA & CCP
• Conferred by the President

Rewards & Benefits

• Title of National Artist
• Gold-plated medallion & citation
• Cash awards: P200k (living), P150k (posthumous)
• Life insurance & state funeral
• Place of honor in events

Pioneering National Artists

- Fernando Amorsolo – Painting - Ryan Cayabyab – Music - Alice Reyes – Dance - Amado V. Hernandez – Literature - Lino Brocka – Film & Broadcast Arts

*86 National Artists as of 2025

WEEK 5: NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD:

GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA AWARD

PURPOSE OF GAMABA

• Preserve cultural heritage
• Promote continuity of indigenous traditions
• Support master artisans in sustaining their craft

HISTORY OF THE AWARD

• Institutionalized in 1992 (RA 7355)
• Administered by the NCCA
• Rooted in the 1988 National Folk Artists Award

MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN

• A Filipino master of traditional art
• High level of technical and artistic excellence
• Skill transmitted to next generations

GAMABA EMBLEM

• Represents human form used in traditional cloth
• Features 'Manlilikha ng Bayan' written in Baybayin

1993 AWARDEES

● Ginaw Bilog – National Artist for Literature

(1993) – Preserver of the Ambahan and

Mangyan script.

● Masino Intaray – National Artist for Music

(1993) – Preserver of Palawan’s kulilal and

bagit music, and epic chants.

● Samaon Sulaiman – National Artist for

Music (1993) – Master of the kutyapi and

preserver of Magindanaon musical

traditions.

1998 AWARDEES

● Lang Dulay – National Artist for Textile

(1998) – Preserver of T’boli tnalak

weaving and traditional designs.

● Salinta Monon – National Artist for Textile

(1998) – Preserver of Bagobo textiles and

intricate patterns like Binuwaya.

2000 AWARDEES

● Alonzo Saclag – National Artist for Folk

Music and Dance (2000) – Preserver of

Kalinga music, dance, and traditional

crafts.

● Federico Caballero – National Artist for Folk

Music (2000) – Preserver of Panay-

Bukidnon oral epics.

● Uwang Ahadas – National Artist for Music

(2000) – Master of Yakan instruments and

preserver of Yakan musical traditions.

2004 AWARDEES

● Darhata Sawab i – National Artist for Textile

(2004) – Preserver of Tausug pis syabit

weaving.

● Eduardo Mutuc – National Artist for Crafts

(2004) – Master metalsmith preserving

traditional Filipino metalwork.

● Haja Amina Appi – National Artist for

Textile (2004) – Preserver of Sama mat

weaving and intricate designs.

2012 AWARDEES

● Teofilo Garcia – National Artist for Crafts

(2012) – Preserver of Ilocano tabungaw

gourd headgear.

● Magdalena Gamayo – National Artist for

Textile (2012) – Preserver of Ilocano abel

weaving tradition.

2016 AWARDEES

● Ambalang Ausalin – National Artist for

Textile (2016) – Preserver of traditional

Yakan weaving.

● Estelita Bantilan – National Artist for

Textile (2016) – Preserver of Blaan mat

weaving.

● Yabing Masalon Dulo – National Artist for

Textile (2016) – Preserver of Blaan ikat

weaving and natural dye traditions.

2013 AWARDEES

● Samporonia Pagsac Madanlo – National

Artist for Textile (2023) – Preserver of

Mandaya Dagmay weaving.

● Rosie Godwino Sula – National Artist for

Chanter (2023) – Preserver of T’boli

Tudbulul epic chanting.

● Barbara Kibed Ofong – National Artist for

Textile (2023) – Preserver of T’boli T’nalak

weaving.

2023 AWARDEES

● Marife Ravidas Ganahon – National Artist

for Mat Weaving (2023) – Preserver of

Higaonon Ikam Sodsod mats.

● Hadja Sakinur-ain Mugong Delasas –

National Artist for Traditional Dance

(2023) – Preserver of Sama Igal dance.

● Amparo Balansi Mabanag – National Artist

for Embroidery (2023) – Preserver of

Ga’dang traditional garments and

beadwork.

● Bundos Bansil Fara – National Artist for

Crafts (2023) – Preserver of T’boli Temwel

brass casting.

● Adelita Romualdo Bagcal – National Artist

for Chanter and Poet (2023) – Preserver of

Ilocano Dallot oral tradition.

● Abing Tawide Coguit – National Artist for

Embroidery (2023) – Preserver of Agusan

Manobo Suyam embroidery.

WEEK 6: PHILIPPINE ART AS A MIRROR OF FILIPINO

CULTURE

ART - it is an examination of the human condition

or a result of the human experience. Medium for

communication. It represents the artist as well as

the society to which the artist belongs.

CULTURE- THE WORD "CULTURE " COMES FROM

LATIN “ COLERE” WHICH MEANS “TO CULTIVATE”

OR “TO GROW”

CULTURE IS A SOCIETY’S WAY OF LIFE:

• Language
• Beliefs and customs
• Traditions
• Art and behavior

Philippine Art is a mirror of the Filipino way of life—

our stories, struggles, beliefs, and joys. It helps

define our identity as Filipinos (called pagkafilipino).

Manunggul Jar: A Glimpse into Ancient Filipino

Beliefs- Found in Palawan, this jar was used in

burials. Its boat design shows ancient Filipinos

believed that souls travel by water to the afterlife.

It reflects our maritime culture and belief in the

spirit world, showing respect for nature and

ancestors.

● 3 Faces: Soul of the Beat, Soul of the beat

driver, and the Soul

- Maximalism is an art style filled with patterns,

color, and emotion.

• Filipinos love to express themselves with

vibrant and detailed designs —seen in festivals,

homes, and crafts.

• This reflects our emotional warmth and desire to

connect with others.

Felipe M. De Leon - Cultural behavior springs from

an expressive exuberance deeply rooted in

emotional sensitivity and the strong urge to

connect

BAHAY KUBO: SYMBOL OF UNITY AND SIMPLICITY

The Bahay Kubo (nipa hut) is more than a house—

it shows our values: Sociableness – open space for

family and neighbors Bayanihan – helping one

another, especially in times of need

METAPORA NG KATAWAN AT BANGA (METAPHOR

OF THE HUMAN BODY AND THE JAR)

DR. PROSPERO COVAR COMPARED THE FILIPINO

PERSON TO A JAR WITH:

● Labas (outside): Face, body, behavior

● Loob (inside) : Feelings, thoughts

● Lalim (depth ): Soul and conscience (budhi)

FILIPINO PERSONHOOD

1. LABAS AT LOOB (MUKHA-ISIP) - Sa mukha

nasasalamin ang samu’t saring karanasan. Salamin

ang mukha ng damdami’t kalooban ng pagkataong

nililok ng kulturang karanasan.

2. PUSO AT DIBDIB - Ang puso ay nagpapakita ng

uri ng pagkatao. Ang dibdib ang pandama ng

damdamin.

3. TIYAN AT BITUKA - Ito’y naglalarawan ng

kalagayan ng pagkatao Malaki ang tiyan. Maliit o

walang tiyan. Ang bitukang sala- salabid (buhay na

punong-puno ng balakid)

4. SIKMURA AT ATAY - Ang sikmura ay bahagi ng

katawan na ginagamit na pantantiya ng

damdamin, pag-iisip at kilos, at gawa ng ibang tao.

Masama, malakas, mahapdi o maasim

5. KALULUWA AT BUDHI - Ang budhi ay nag-uusig.

Kung ang kaluluwa ay siyang nagpapagalaw ng

buhay, ang budhi naman ay siyang humuhusga sa

buhay na naganap na.