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GIZMOS Student Exploration
Roller Coaster Physics
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. What happens at the beginning of every roller coaster ride? The car is pulled up the first (and usually tallest) hill. This process stores energy for the rest of the ride. - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ The roller coaster car goes up the first hill. 2. Does the roller coaster ever get higher than the first hill? Explain. - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No. - Explanation: The roller coaster cannot go higher than the first hill because the total mechanical energy of the car cannot increase; it can only stay the same (in a perfect, frictionless system) or decrease (due to friction). Therefore, it doesn't have enough energy to reach a point higher than its starting point. Gizmo Warm-up The Gizmo simulates a toy car on a track leading to an egg. You can adjust the hills, car mass, and friction. Using the default settings (Hill 1 = 70 cm, Hill 2 = 0 cm, Hill 3 = 0 cm, 35-g car): 1. Press Play to roll the 35-gram toy car down the track. Does the car break the egg? - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No 2. Click Reset. Set Hill 1 to 80 cm, and click Play. Does the car break the egg? - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ Yes 3. Click Reset. Lower Hill 1 back to 70 cm and select the 50-gram toy car. Click Play. Does the 50-gram car break the egg? - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ Yes 4. What factors seem to determine whether the car will break the egg?
- ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ The starting height (Hill 1) and the mass of the car determine whether the car will break the egg. Activity A: Roller Coaster Speed Get the Gizmo ready: Click Reset. Select the 35-g toy car. **Question: What factors determine the speed of a roller coaster?
- Observe:** Set Hill 1 to 100 cm, Hill 2 to 0 cm, and Hill 3 to 0 cm. Set the Coefficient of friction to 0.00.
- A. Click Play. What is the final speed of the toy car?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ 442.9 cm/s
- B. Try the other cars. Does the mass of the car affect its final speed?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No
2. Collect data: Find the final speed of a toy car in each situation. Hill 1 Hill 2 Hill 3 Final Speed (cm/s) Total Height Lost (cm) 40 cm 0 cm 0 cm 280.1 40 40 cm 30 cm 0 cm 280.1 40 60 cm 50 cm 20 cm 280.1 40 60 cm 0 cm 0 cm 343.1 60 60 cm 45 cm 0 cm 343.1 60 90 cm 75 cm 30 cm 343.1 60 3. Analyze: - A. What did each set of trials have in common?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ In each set of three trials, the final speed was the same.
- B. Did hill 2 have any effect on the final speed?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No, Hill 2 did not affect the final speed.
- ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ The total energy is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy. As the car moves, potential energy converts to kinetic energy and vice versa, but the total energy remains constant (when there is no friction). 6. Calculate: Use the formulas U = mgh and K = 1/2 mv². (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)
- A. What is the mass of the 50-gram car, in kilograms?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ 0.050 kg
- B. Set Hill 1 to 75 cm (0.75 m). What is the potential energy (U) in joules?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ 0.368 J (Calculation: 0.050 kg * 9.8 m/s² * 0.75 m)
- C. What is the final speed in m/s?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ 3.83 m/s
- D. What is the kinetic energy (K) at the bottom?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ 0.368 J
7. Challenge: Use algebra to solve for the speed from the equation K = U. - A. Derive the formula:
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ v = √(2gh)
- B. With no friction, does the final speed depend on the mass of the car?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No
- C. With no friction, does the final speed depend on the steepness of the hill?
o ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ No, only the total height lost matters.
Activity C: Breaking the Egg Get the Gizmo ready: Click Reset. Check that the Coefficient of friction is 0.00. Introduction: The car's ability to break the egg is related to its momentum (p = mv) and kinetic energy (K = 1/2 mv²). Question: What determines whether the car will break the egg?
1. Form hypothesis: Which factor(s) determine if the car breaks the egg? - ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ The determining factors are the momentum of the car and the kinetic energy of the car. While mass and speed individually contribute, the combined effect (momentum/kinetic energy) is the ultimate decider.
2. Collect data: Use the Gizmo to find the minimum hill height required to break the egg. (This data shows the relationship. The key is that a heavier car requires less height to achieve the same result.) Car mass (kg) Height (cm) Speed (cm/s) 0.035 kg ~80 cm ~280 cm/s 0.050 kg ~70 cm ~280 cm/s 0.075 kg ~60 cm ~280 cm/s 3. Analyze: This data shows that to break the egg, the car needs to reach a certain speed (around 280 cm/s). A lighter car needs a higher hill to reach this speed, while a heavier car can reach the same speed (and greater momentum/energy) from a lower height. 8. A broker is reselling a used manufactured home and discovers a lien on the title. Who is responsible for obtaining the necessary consent to sell or a lien release? A) The previous owner B) The buyer C) The seller (current owner) D) The broker
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ D
Rationale: The broker must ensure a clear title can be transferred and is responsible for obtaining consent from the lienholder or a lien release.
9. The New Mexico Manufactured Housing Division (NMMHD) is authorized to take disciplinary action against a licensee for all of the following EXCEPT : A) Engaging in deceptive advertising B) Failure to maintain a physical business location in New Mexico C) A salesperson making a minor error in calculating the total square footage of a home D) Failure to provide a copy of the purchase agreement to the customer at closing
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: Minor, unintentional errors are less likely to result in formal discipline, while deceptive advertising, lack of a physical location, and failure to provide required documents are clear violations.
10. What is the maximum number of manufactured homes an individual can sell in a single year without holding a New Mexico manufactured housing dealer or salesperson license?
14. A dealer takes a trade-in manufactured home. The dealer must apply for a new certificate of title in the dealer’s name within: A) 10 days B) 20 days C) 30 days D) 45 days
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: Upon acquisition (including trade-ins), the dealer must apply for a title in the dealer’s name within 30 days.
15. A salesperson’s license is valid for: A) One year B) Two years C) Three years D) Indefinite with annual fee payment
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: Licenses are issued for one year and must be renewed annually.
16. A dealer’s bond amount for a manufactured housing dealer is: A) $5, B) $10, C) $15, D) $25,
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: The statutory bond requirement for a manufactured housing dealer is $15,000.
17. A dealer fails to renew the license before the expiration date. A renewal application submitted within the 30-day grace period will require: A) The regular renewal fee only B) The regular renewal fee plus a late fee C) Double the regular renewal fee D) A new application and examination
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Renewals submitted within the grace period are accepted with payment of the renewal fee plus a late fee.
18. A dealer sells a home and the buyer obtains financing. The lender’s check is made payable jointly to the dealer and the buyer. The dealer must: A) Endorse and deposit it into the dealer’s operating account B) Hold it until the buyer endorses, then deposit into the trust account C) Give it to the buyer and have the buyer pay the dealer separately D) Return it to the lender for reissuance
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Jointly payable funds must be handled through a trust account to protect all parties.
19. A salesperson is terminated for cause. The salesperson’s license: A) Remains active for 30 days B) Must be immediately returned to the division C) Automatically converts to a dealer license D) May be used to sell as an independent contractor
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: The license is valid only while employed; upon termination, it must be returned to the division.
20. Which disclosure must be provided to a prospective buyer before signing a purchase agreement for a used manufactured home? A) A copy of the original HUD label application B) A written statement of the home’s condition, including known defects C) A copy of the dealer’s bond D) A warranty from the manufacturer
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Dealers must provide a written condition disclosure for used homes before the buyer signs the purchase agreement.
21. A manufactured home is installed on private land. Before moving the home to a different location, the homeowner must: A) Notify the local zoning board B) Obtain a moving permit from the Manufactured Housing Division C) Obtain a new HUD label D) Cancel the existing title
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: A moving permit is required for any transport on public roads.
26. A dealer’s license is set to expire on May 31. The dealer submits a renewal application on June 10. The renewal fee is: A) Regular renewal fee only B) Regular renewal fee plus a late fee C) Double the regular renewal fee D) Not accepted because the license has lapsed
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Within the grace period, the license can be renewed with payment of the regular fee plus a late fee.
27. A dealer advertises “All homes 20% off manufacturer’s suggested retail price” but fails to disclose the discount applies only to floor models. This advertisement is: A) Permissible as a common sales tactic B) Deceptive and violates advertising rules C) Allowed if a disclaimer is in small print D) Regulated only by the manufacturer
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Omitting a material limitation makes the advertisement deceptive and subject to disciplinary action.
28. A buyer discovers the home was not installed according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The buyer’s primary recourse for the installation is against: A) The manufacturer B) The dealer who sold the home C) The licensed installer who performed the work D) The title company
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: The licensed installer is directly responsible for compliance with installation standards.
29. A dealer’s place of business must be inspected by the Manufactured Housing Division: A) Annually B) Before the license is issued and then periodically C) Only if a complaint is filed D) Every three years
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: An initial inspection is required for licensure, and the division may conduct periodic inspections thereafter.
30. A qualifying party for a dealer or broker license must: A) Own at least 51% of the business B) Be employed full-time by the licensee and pass the required examination C) Be a licensed attorney in New Mexico D) Hold a separate real estate broker license
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: The qualifying party is an employee who has passed the examination and ensures compliance.
31. If a dealer’s bond is cancelled, the dealer’s license: A) Remains valid for 60 days to allow replacement B) Automatically becomes inactive until a new bond is filed C) Is permanently revoked D) Remains valid if no pending transactions
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Maintaining a bond is a condition of licensure; without it, the license becomes inactive.
32. A dealer receives a consumer complaint and fails to respond to the division’s inquiry. The division may: A) Issue a cease and desist order B) Suspend or revoke the license C) Impose a fine D) All of the above
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ D
Rationale: Failure to cooperate can lead to a range of disciplinary actions.
33. A salesperson changes their residential address. They must notify the division in writing within: A) 10 days B) 20 days C) 30 days D) 45 days
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: Licensees must report address changes within 10 days.
34. A dealer sells a used home “as is” without any warranty. The dealer must: A) Obtain a signed waiver from the buyer acknowledging the “as is” nature B) Still provide a one-year implied warranty of habitability
C) Is automatically exonerated if they reported it D) Must repay the money personally
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: A salesperson has a duty to ensure compliance; knowingly participating in a violation can lead to discipline.
39. A dealer’s license is revoked. The individual who was the qualifying party may: A) Immediately apply for a new dealer license under a different name B) Not be employed as a qualifying party for any dealer for one year C) Continue as a salesperson without restrictions D) Never hold a license again
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: After revocation, the qualifying party is typically prohibited from serving in that capacity for a specified period.
40. A buyer gives the dealer a $3,000 earnest money check. The dealer deposits it into the business operating account. This is: A) Permissible if the dealer has a large operating balance B) A violation of trust account rules C) Allowed if the dealer discloses it to the buyer D) Required by the lender
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Commingling earnest money with operating funds is prohibited.
41. The New Mexico Manufactured Housing Division is part of which department? A) Department of Transportation B) Department of Workforce Solutions C) Regulation and Licensing Department D) Department of Finance and Administration
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: The Manufactured Housing Division operates under the New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department.
42. A dealer is selling a home built before the HUD Code went into effect (before June 15, 1976). The dealer must: A) Obtain a special pre-HUD certification B) Provide a disclosure that the home does not comply with current HUD standards
C) Refuse to sell the home D) Install a HUD label retroactively
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Pre-HUD homes can be sold, but the dealer must disclose that they do not meet current HUD construction standards.
43. A dealer is required to display a sign at the place of business that includes: A) The dealer’s name and license number B) The name of the qualifying party C) The hours of operation D) The bond company name
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: The sign must show the licensed business name and license number.
44. If a dealer or broker fails to renew before the grace period ends, the license is considered: A) Inactive B) Lapsed C) Suspended D) Probationary
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: After the grace period, the license lapses and the applicant must reapply as new.
45. A salesperson wishes to become a licensed dealer. The salesperson must: A) Notify the division and pay a fee B) Submit a new application, meet dealer requirements, and pass the dealer examination C) Serve a one-year apprenticeship D) Obtain a real estate broker license first
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: A dealer license requires a separate application, qualifying party, bond, and examination.
46. A manufactured home dealer also sells RVs. The sale of RVs: A) Is covered by the same license if sold on the same lot B) Requires a separate dealer license from the Motor Vehicle Division C) Is prohibited on a manufactured housing lot D) Does not require any license if the RV is used
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: RVs are not manufactured homes; selling them requires a motor vehicle dealer license.
B) A copy of the home’s warranty C) Proof of the buyer’s credit score D) The dealer’s profit margin
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: The permit application must identify the licensed installer responsible.
52. A dealer charges a “document preparation fee” of $500. This fee: A) Is prohibited B) Must be reasonable and disclosed in the contract C) Is allowed only if the dealer prepares the documents D) Is regulated by the lender
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Document fees are allowed if reasonable and disclosed in the purchase agreement.
53. A salesperson is paid solely by commission. The salesperson may: A) Receive commission directly from the buyer B) Receive commission only from the employing dealer C) Accept a bonus from a lender for referring the buyer D) Share commission with an unlicensed individual
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Commissions must be paid by the employing dealer; kickbacks to unlicensed persons are prohibited.
54. A dealer closes a transaction and issues a closing statement. The closing statement must be signed by: A) Only the buyer B) Only the dealer C) Both the buyer and the dealer D) The salesperson only
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ C
Rationale: Both parties must sign the closing statement acknowledging final figures.
55. Which is a valid reason for the division to deny a license application? A) The applicant has a prior felony conviction for fraud discharged five years ago B) The applicant is a non-resident of New Mexico C) The applicant’s business location is in a residential zone D) The applicant has no prior experience
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: A fraud conviction is directly job-related and disqualifying. Non-residents may be licensed; zoning and lack of experience are not automatic grounds.
56. A dealer’s license is placed on inactive status. During the inactive period, the dealer: A) May sell up to three homes B) May not engage in any business requiring a license C) May continue to sell but cannot take deposits D) Must surrender the license permanently
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: An inactive license does not authorize any licensed activity.
57. A dealer sells a home and delivers it, but installation is delayed by weather. The 45-day completion period: A) Is automatically extended B) May be extended by mutual written agreement of the parties C) Does not apply once delivered D) Is waived automatically
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: The 45-day period may be extended only by a written agreement signed by both dealer and buyer.
58. A dealer takes a trade-in home and later sells it. The dealer must provide the third-party buyer with: A) A new manufacturer’s warranty B) A disclosure of any known defects C) A HUD label even if pre-HUD D) A 90-day warranty on the furnace
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: For used homes, the dealer must provide a written condition disclosure.
59. A dealer employs a salesperson who does not have a license. The dealer: A) Is not liable if the salesperson is supervised B) Is subject to disciplinary action C) May allow 30 days for application D) Must obtain a waiver
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Employing an unlicensed individual to perform licensed activities is a violation.
C) Issue a new W-4 only D) Notify the division within 60 days
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: A transfer application must be filed to change the sponsoring dealer.
65. A dealer enters into a contract for a new home that has not yet been manufactured. The contract must include: A) The estimated delivery date B) A clause allowing the dealer to substitute a different model C) The manufacturer’s cost D) A photo of the home
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: The contract must contain a delivery date or reasonable estimate.
66. A dealer sells a home and the buyer later claims false promises about energy efficiency. In a disciplinary hearing, the burden of proof is: A) On the buyer to prove by clear and convincing evidence B) On the division to prove by a preponderance of the evidence C) On the dealer to prove innocence D) On the manufacturer to prove the home was built correctly
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: In administrative proceedings, the division bears the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence.
67. A dealer’s qualifying party leaves employment. The dealer must: A) Cease all business immediately B) Notify the division within 10 days and may operate for up to 90 days while seeking a new qualifying party C) Surrender the license permanently D) Promote a salesperson without examination
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: The dealer must notify the division promptly and may have a temporary qualifying party while a new permanent one is obtained.
68. A home is sold with a “full” manufacturer’s warranty, but the dealer later discovers exclusions. The dealer: A) May rely on the manufacturer to explain exclusions
B) Must correct any misleading statements about warranty coverage C) Is not responsible for manufacturer’s exclusions D) Must offer a separate dealer warranty
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: The dealer must ensure advertising and disclosures are accurate; failure to do so is a misrepresentation.
69. A dealer maintains an escrow account for earnest money. The account must be: A) Interest-bearing with interest paid to the dealer B) Non-interest-bearing, or if interest-bearing, interest paid to the buyer or as agreed C) Held at an out-of-state bank D) A personal checking account of the qualifying party
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ B
Rationale: Trust accounts must not benefit the dealer; interest belongs to the buyer unless otherwise agreed.
70. A dealer sells a home with a third-party “10-year structural warranty.” The dealer must: A) Provide a copy of the warranty contract to the buyer B) Guarantee the warranty company’s solvency C) Not charge the buyer for the warranty D) Obtain division approval before offering
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ A
Rationale: The buyer must receive the actual warranty contract to understand terms and coverage.
71. A buyer discovers the dealer did not obtain a required installation permit. The buyer may: A) Withhold final payment B) File a complaint and seek a stop-work order C) Sue for the cost of the permit plus penalties D) All of the above
Correct ✔✔ Correct Answer ✔✔ D
Rationale: The buyer has multiple remedies, including reporting to the division and civil action.
72. A salesperson works for a dealer who goes out of business. The salesperson: A) May continue as an independent salesperson for 60 days B) Must find a new sponsoring dealer before further sales C) Automatically receives a broker license D) May sell only used homes
