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END OF PAGE OSHA's Safety Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 is sometimes called the law. - ANSWERS-"Right-to-know" What is a hazardous substance? - ANSWERS-A Hazardous Substance is any substance which can cause injury (a physical hazard) or cause illness (a health hazard) in a person. Different types of labeling systems: - ANSWERS-The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) label The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) labeling system The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Hazard category 1 on a GHS label - ANSWERS-MOST severe hazard. Hazard category 5 on a GHS label - ANSWERS-LEAST severe hazard. How are the HMIS and the NFPA labels are alike? - ANSWERS-They use the same color codes and number warnings.
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END OF PAGE HMIS and NFPA LABELS: (EXAMPLE) - ANSWERS-On the blue health area, 0 = no health hazard, 1= slight health hazard, 2= moderate health hazard, 3= Extreme Danger 4= very severe or deadly health hazard.. SDS - ANSWERS-Safety Data Sheet. Each SDS must contain: - ANSWERS-The identity used on the label The physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous chemical (such as the vapor pressure and flash point) The physical hazards of the hazardous chemical (such as any fire, explosion, and reactivity hazards) The health hazards of the chemical, including the signs and symptoms of exposure and any medical conditions resulting from exposure to the chemical The primary routes of entry The relevant exposure limits
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END OF PAGE You must be properly trained and wear the proper PPE if you work where there are dangerous concentrations of asbestos. Lead: - ANSWERS-Lead is commonly added to industrial paints because of its corrosive resistance. Just like asbestos, lead does not pose a health hazard under normal conditions. If a painted surface is burned during welding or the paint becomes airborne through sandblasting, grinding or sanding, then the lead can become a health hazard. If lead is ingested (oral) or inhaled (breathing) the exposure can cause health problems in your blood, urinary system and reproductive system. You must be properly trained and wear the proper PPE when lead exposure may occur. Radiation: - ANSWERS-The X-raying of equipment, microwaves, and lasers are all forms of radiation. When equipment is being used that emit radiation, it is important that you obey all warning signs and never go through radiation barricades. If you are doing work that may require you to work near such chemicals where exposure could present physical harm, then you will receive special training on how to take proper precautions against exposure. PPE: - ANSWERS-Personal Protective Equipment.
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END OF PAGE LIst of PPE: - ANSWERS-1. Head Protection
- Eye Protection
- Face Protection
- Hearing Protection
- Body Protection
- Foot Protection
- Respiratory Protection
- Fall Protection
- Hand Protection Head Protection - ANSWERS-All "hardhats" provide protection from injury caused by falling objects. Sometimes different classes of hardhats are needed. (Electricians would use a class of hardhat that also would help to protect them from electrical shock, for example.) Eye Protection - ANSWERS-Safety glasses must be approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and will have a Z87. number stamped on the glasses. Remember, your prescription glasses are
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END OF PAGE Fall Protection - ANSWERS-You must use personal fall protection when you work six feet or more above the ground. Hand Protection - ANSWERS-Rubber gloves protect you from electrical shock. Neoprene or latex gloves protect the hands from certain chemicals. There are many other kinds of gloves. You must know exactly what the dangers are before you can choose the correct hand protection. OSHA's Preferred order for Hazard Control Methods: - ANSWERS- Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) *PPE is used when the hazard can't be controlled by engineering or administrative controls. *Engineering controls is the best way to control hazards in the workplace. Examples of Engineering Controls: - ANSWERS-Using mufflers or buying quieter tools so that you don't have to wear earplugs.
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END OF PAGE Installing "guards" on equipment that will prevent you from touching a moving part by mistake. Examples of Administrative Controls: - ANSWERS-Rotating individuals out of hazardous areas for part of shift. Reducing the number of individuals allowed into hazardous areas. SCBA - ANSWERS-(Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) respirators. (these are shared, UNLIKE your PPE) What must be done before you can wear a respirator? - ANSWERS-1. Medical evaluation
- Training
- Fit test (what you did @ drug test with mask) What can contaminate the air? - ANSWERS-Particulates or dusts Organic mists or vapors It could be that the air is oxygen deficient
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END OF PAGE ONLY to be used if the air contaminants have been properly IDENTIFIED and the filter, canister or cartridge is designed to absorb the amount of contaminant in the air. *** They must NEVER be used when the air quality is not known and it could be Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. The actual type of cartridge, canister or filter that you will use is determined by the type of air hazard that exists. when should air purifying respirators NOT be used? - ANSWERS-This type of unit must NOT be used if the air is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Hearing Conservation Program (if the noise you will be exposed to exceeds OSHA safe limits) - ANSWERS-Checking The Noise In Your Work Area - Periodically, your employer must check work areas for noise levels that may harm you. Hearing Tests - This is called an audiogram. It is a simple, painless test that will determine how well you hear. Hearing Protection/ Ear Plugs & Ear Muffs - You must wear some type of hearing protection, either ear plugs, ear muffs, (or a combination of both) if your job exposes you to 85 decibels in an 8-hour TWA or when you must go into any area that is determined to be a high noise area. Training - You must be trained every year on the proper use and care of each type of hearing protection you will use. You will also learn how too
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END OF PAGE much noise can cause hearing loss and how hearing PPE can protect you. How is noise measured? - ANSWERS-Decibals. Engineering Controls for NOISE: - ANSWERS-Enclosing noisy processes in sound-absorbing rooms. Using carpet, resilient flooring and sound-dampening walls. Using rubber cushions or cardboard at the end of line chutes. Replacing noisy metal parts with quieter plastic or rubber components. Eliminating vibration noise by placing heavy equipment on resilient pads. Ensuring equipment is properly maintained. Administrative Controls for NOISE: - ANSWERS-Operating noisy machinery on a shift when fewer employees are present Rotating employees out of noisy areas for part of a shift Hearing Personal Protective Equipment
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- Safety and Health Training PSM - ANSWERS-Process Safety Management The primary goal of the Process Safety Management of highly hazardous chemicals is: - ANSWERS-to prevent unwanted releases of hazardous chemicals. MPH - ANSWERS-Major Process Hazards There are Basic Elements of Process Safety Management. - ANSWERS- 14 Employee Involvement in Process Safety Management - ANSWERS- Employees must be trained and informed so they know how to prevent exposure to, or protect themselves from, the hazards of chemicals. Process Safety Information - ANSWERS-The employer must compile complete and accurate written information concerning process chemicals, process technology, and process equipment. This is essential
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END OF PAGE to an effective process safety management program and to process hazard analysis (PHA). PHA - ANSWERS-Process Hazard Analysis Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) - ANSWERS-This is an evaluation of the potential hazards of a process or job and is one of the most important elements of a successful process safety management program. A designated team works together to perform a PHA. Operating Procedures and Practices - ANSWERS-Operating procedures tell you how to safely perform a job. It tells the data to be recorded, operating conditions to be maintained, samples to be collected and evaluated, and the safety and health precautions that must be taken all the time. Employee Training - ANSWERS-All employees, including maintenance and contractor employees who could be impacted by the hazards of chemicals must be trained so that they know the hazards and how to protect themselves, their fellow employees and the citizens of nearby communities.
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END OF PAGE Non-routine work... - ANSWERS-canNOT be done without a signed, written permit that has all the special precautions addressed within it. Examples of some of the different types of work permits or procedures you may need for your job are - ANSWERS-Line Breaking Procedures Lockout/Tagout Procedures Cold Work Permits Hot Work Permits Confined Space Entry Permits Managing Change Investigation of Incidents Emergency Preparedness Compliance Audits Trade Secrets Line Breaking Procedures - ANSWERS-These procedures will identify what steps must have occurred before the line is opened that will assure that the line does not have pressure on it and that the contents in the line cannot start to come out while the work is being done.
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END OF PAGE Lockout/Tagout Procedures - ANSWERS-This refers to the basic steps of a typical Lockout/Tagout procedure as discussed earlier in this study guide. Cold Work Permits - ANSWERS-This type of permit is used for work which typically does not create any serious safety concerns associated with the job: it will NOT produce heat or a spark and the work is to be done in normal work areas. Hot Work Permits - ANSWERS-This permit is used when the work that will be done or the tools and equipment used to do the work could produce enough HEAT or a SPARK to IGNITE the materials around it. This permit requires the results of the gas test that proves that this work can be safely done as well as what fire extinguishing equipment must be on hand during the work. Some other requirements are time and date the work can be done, description of the object to be worked on, and what emergency equipment should be on hand. Confined Space Entry Permits - ANSWERS-This permit has special requirements that must be in place before anyone can enter a confined space. This includes air quality testing and emergency rescue needs.
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END OF PAGE Compliance Audits - ANSWERS-The employer must have trained personnel to audit the site's process safety management program. This audit is to ensure that the site is doing what they say they will do, and also to help determine if what they are doing meets the requirements of what it was designed to do. Keywords: doing what they say they will do = COMPLY Trade Secrets - ANSWERS-The employer must make all information necessary to comply with the standard available to those persons responsible for compiling the process safety information. However, confidentiality agreements may be used to SAFEguard certain aspects of the process. Cranes - ANSWERS-Cranes can never be operated in a position where their boom or line can come within 10 feet of any overhead power line without special approval. Crane operators must never allow their load to swing over people. The load being handled by a crane must be controlled by the use of a tag-line. Crane operators can only take directions from a designated spotter. The spotter can verbally communicate or use hand signals to direct the crane operations. Forklifts - ANSWERS-Approximately 100 workers are killed each year in a forklift accident. Many of these deaths are caused when the forklift
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END OF PAGE overturns. Another major cause of death is when pedestrians are struck and killed by forklifts. Examples of some of the types of permits that are used at worksites: - ANSWERS-Hot Work Confined Space Entry Safe Work Line Entry/Breaking Lockout/Tagout permits The science of finding the best FIT between you and your job conditions is known as: - ANSWERS-Ergonomics Some examples of good ergonomic practices: - ANSWERS-Good posture Proper body mechanics Good placement of computer equipment Comfortable handles and grips
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