ISTC BASIC PLUS TRAINING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, Exams of Workplace Safety

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ISTC BASIC PLUS TRAINING QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration four essential elements to recognizing hazards and reducing and/or eliminating the workplace hazards:

• Management Commitment and Employee Involvement
• Worksite Analysis
• Hazard Prevention and Control
• Safety and Health Training PSM Process Safety Management The primary goal of the Process Safety Management of highly hazardous chemicals is: to prevent unwanted releases of hazardous chemicals. MPH Major Process Hazards There are _____ Basic Elements of Process Safety Management. 14 Employee Involvement in Process Safety Management Employees must be trained and informed so they know how to prevent exposure to, or protect themselves from, the hazards of chemicals. Process Safety Information The employer must compile complete and accurate written information concerning process chemicals, process technology, and process equipment. This is essential to an effective process safety management program and to process hazard analysis (PHA). PHA Process Hazard Analysis Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) This is an evaluation of the potential hazards of a process or job and is one of the most important elements of a successful process safety management program. A designated team works together to perform a PHA.

Operating Procedures and Practices Operating procedures tell you how to safely perform a job. It tells the data to be recorded, operating conditions to be maintained, samples to be collected and evaluated, and the safety and health precautions that must be taken all the time. Employee Training All employees, including maintenance and contractor employees who could be impacted by the hazards of chemicals must be trained so that they know the hazards and how to protect themselves, their fellow employees and the citizens of nearby communities. Contractors Employees must be hired who can accomplish their job tasks without compromising the safety and health of that employee or others. Pre-Startup Safety All important elements such as start-up, shut-down and operating procedures, including emergency procedures must be in place and the operating staff trained before a startup. The development of P&IDs (Piping & Instrument Diagrams) must be available prior to startup for training assistance. Mechanical Integrity An employer must operate and maintain the process in a safe manner and process equipment as designed in order to ensure safety. Equipment needs to be replaced when it is worn out. Work Permits It is also important that non-routine work be well communicated, not only to those who will do the work, but to any persons that could be affected by the work. WORK PERMITS give authorization to workers to do special tasks only after many things are in place that can ensure the safety of that work. Non-routine work... canNOT be done without a signed, written permit that has all the special precautions addressed within it. Examples of some of the different types of work permits or procedures you may need for your job are Line Breaking Procedures Lockout/Tagout Procedures Cold Work Permits Hot Work Permits Confined Space Entry Permits Managing Change Investigation of Incidents Emergency Preparedness Compliance Audits Trade Secrets Line Breaking Procedures

These procedures will identify what steps must have occurred before the line is opened that will assure that the line does not have pressure on it and that the contents in the line cannot start to come out while the work is being done. Lockout/Tagout Procedures This refers to the basic steps of a typical Lockout/Tagout procedure as discussed earlier in this study guide. Cold Work Permits This type of permit is used for work which typically does not create any serious safety concerns associated with the job: it will NOT produce heat or a spark and the work is to be done in normal work areas. Hot Work Permits This permit is used when the work that will be done or the tools and equipment used to do the work could produce enough HEAT or a SPARK to IGNITE the materials around it. This permit requires the results of the gas test that proves that this work can be safely done as well as what fire extinguishing equipment must be on hand during the work. Some other requirements are time and date the work can be done, description of the object to be worked on, and what emergency equipment should be on hand. Confined Space Entry Permits This permit has special requirements that must be in place before anyone can enter a confined space. This includes air quality testing and emergency rescue needs. Managing Change The management of change covers such areas as changes in process technology, changes in instrumentation, or changes in the equipment itself. Not properly managing change has been a primary cause of many accidents. Special attention must always be made to be sure that pump types and sizes, and other equipment that is being replaced are identical to what is being removed. Investigation of Incidents The investigation of an incident is the only way to determine the underlying causes of incidents and then determine any steps that could prevent the same or similar events from reoccurring in the future. The focus of all investigations should be to obtain facts - and not to place blame. For this purpose, ALL accidents, injuries, and incidents (even "near-miss" incidents) must be reported to the proper personnel. Emergency Preparedness Each employer must have an Emergency Action Plan that lays out what action employees are to take should there be a release of hazardous chemicals. This plan tells how personnel will evacuate if there is a release of hazardous chemicals. Employees must be trained so they will know what to do if such a situation occurs. Compliance Audits The employer must have trained personnel to audit the site's process safety management program. This audit is to ensure that the site is doing what they say they will do, and also to help determine if what they

are doing meets the requirements of what it was designed to do. Keywords: doing what they say they will do = COMPLY Trade Secrets The employer must make all information necessary to comply with the standard available to those persons responsible for compiling the process safety information. However, confidentiality agreements may be used to SAFEguard certain aspects of the process. Cranes Cranes can never be operated in a position where their boom or line can come within 10 feet of any overhead power line without special approval. Crane operators must never allow their load to swing over people. The load being handled by a crane must be controlled by the use of a tag-line. Crane operators can only take directions from a designated spotter. The spotter can verbally communicate or use hand signals to direct the crane operations. Forklifts Approximately 100 workers are killed each year in a forklift accident. Many of these deaths are caused when the forklift overturns. Another major cause of death is when pedestrians are struck and killed by forklifts. Examples of some of the types of permits that are used at worksites: Hot Work Confined Space Entry Safe Work Line Entry/Breaking Lockout/Tagout permits The science of finding the best FIT between you and your job conditions is known as: Ergonomics Some examples of good ergonomic practices: Good posture Proper body mechanics Good placement of computer equipment Comfortable handles and grips BBP Bloodborne Pathogens What are disease- causing microorganisms that are present in human blood and certain bodily fluids. These microorganisms can infect and can cause disease when they enter your body? Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) Universal Precautions means that you treat all blood and body fluids as if they are _________ for BBP INFECTIOUS.

Examples of Universal Precautions include, but are not limited to: Practicing personal hygiene (hand-washing) Wearing gloves or eye protection to prevent exposure Using engineering and work practice controls to limit exposure Why was OSHA created? OSHA was created to help reduce the injury and health problems that can occur in industry.. (apart of the US Federal Governement) OSHA's Safety Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 is sometimes called the _________ law. "Right-to-know" What is a hazardous substance? A Hazardous Substance is any substance which can cause injury (a physical hazard) or cause illness (a health hazard) in a person. Different types of labeling systems: The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) label The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) labeling system The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Hazard category 1 on a GHS label MOST severe hazard. Hazard category 5 on a GHS label LEAST severe hazard. How are the HMIS and the NFPA labels are alike? They use the same color codes and number warnings. HMIS and NFPA LABELS: (EXAMPLE) On the blue health area, 0 = no health hazard, 1= slight health hazard, 2= moderate health hazard, 3= Extreme Danger 4= very severe or deadly health hazard.. SDS Safety Data Sheet. Each SDS must contain: The identity used on the label The physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous chemical (such as the vapor pressure and flash point) The physical hazards of the hazardous chemical (such as any fire, explosion, and reactivity hazards) The health hazards of the chemical, including the signs and symptoms of exposure and any medical conditions resulting from exposure to the chemical The primary routes of entry

The relevant exposure limits Whether the chemical is a cancer-causing agent What is PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit)? is the measurement OSHA uses to identify the maximum amount of substance that a person can safely be exposed to at any one moment in time. What is"TWA" meaning Time-Weighted-Average (of 8 hours)? it is another measure for exposure limits, it determines how much of an exposure is allowable within a normal 8-hour workday. Examples of such chemical hazards would be: Asbestos Lead Radiation Abestos: Asbestos contains fibers that are very strong and resistant to heat and chemicals. Asbestos is often used to insulate vessels and piping. Asbestos is used in siding, shingles and floor tiles. Under normal conditions, these fibers do not pose a health hazard but they do become hazardous if something happens to cause these fibers to be released into the air. When released in the air these fibers can cause lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, or a lung condition called asbestosis. You must be properly trained and wear the proper PPE if you work where there are dangerous concentrations of asbestos. Lead: Lead is commonly added to industrial paints because of its corrosive resistance. Just like asbestos, lead does not pose a health hazard under normal conditions. If a painted surface is burned during welding or the paint becomes airborne through sandblasting, grinding or sanding, then the lead can become a health hazard. If lead is ingested (oral) or inhaled (breathing) the exposure can cause health problems in your blood, urinary system and reproductive system. You must be properly trained and wear the proper PPE when lead exposure may occur. Radiation: The X-raying of equipment, microwaves, and lasers are all forms of radiation. When equipment is being used that emit radiation, it is important that you obey all warning signs and never go through radiation barricades. If you are doing work that may require you to work near such chemicals where exposure could present physical harm, then you will receive special training on how to take proper precautions against exposure. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment. LIst of PPE:

1. Head Protection
2. Eye Protection

3. Face Protection
4. Hearing Protection
5. Body Protection
6. Foot Protection
7. Respiratory Protection
8. Fall Protection
9. Hand Protection Head Protection All "hardhats" provide protection from injury caused by falling objects. Sometimes different classes of hardhats are needed. (Electricians would use a class of hardhat that also would help to protect them from electrical shock, for example.) Eye Protection Safety glasses must be approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and will have a Z87.1 number stamped on the glasses. Remember, your prescription glasses are NOT safety glasses, unless designed for this purpose and classified as Z87.1. Face Protection A face shield must be used if there is a chance that a hazardous chemical could splash onto your face. Hearing Protection Hearing protection must be worn when the noise is so loud that it could damage your hearing. If you work in noisy areas, you must wear hearing protection. You may need to use earplugs, earmuffs or the combination of both in extremely noisy environments. Body Protection Long-sleeve shirts and full-length pants may help to protect you from burns and spills. Sometimes chemical resistant suits or flame retardant clothing may be required. Foot Protection Safety shoes and boots may protect your foot from injuries that would be caused by items dropping on or cutting the foot. A chemical resistant boot may be needed for some jobs. Respiratory Protection You must wear respiratory protection if the air in your work area may become hazardous to breathe. Fall Protection You must use personal fall protection when you work six feet or more above the ground. Hand Protection Rubber gloves protect you from electrical shock. Neoprene or latex gloves protect the hands from certain chemicals. There are many other kinds of gloves. You must know exactly what the dangers are before you can choose the correct hand protection. OSHA's Preferred order for Hazard Control Methods:

Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) *PPE is used when the hazard can't be controlled by engineering or administrative controls. *Engineering controls is the best way to control hazards in the workplace. Examples of Engineering Controls: Using mufflers or buying quieter tools so that you don't have to wear earplugs. Installing "guards" on equipment that will prevent you from touching a moving part by mistake. Examples of Administrative Controls: Rotating individuals out of hazardous areas for part of shift. Reducing the number of individuals allowed into hazardous areas. SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) respirators. (these are shared, UNLIKE your PPE) What must be done before you can wear a respirator?

1. Medical evaluation
2. Training
3. Fit test (what you did @ drug test with mask) What can contaminate the air? Particulates or dusts Organic mists or vapors It could be that the air is oxygen deficient There are TWO basic classes of breathing protection:
4. Air supplied respirators
5. Air purifying respirators Air Supplied Respirators: HOSE LINE AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR - This type of respirator uses supplied air that may come from an air compressor that is located where the air is known to be safe or from a bank of compressed air bottles. The air is sent to the respirator face piece through a hose. SELF- CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) - This is another type of Air-Supplied Respirator. This type of respirator uses a tank of air that you carry with you. A self- contained breathing unit (SCBA) MUST be used if the conditions of the air are NOT known OR where the air is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Different SCBA's may last between 5 minutes to 45 minutes. 5 minute units are only to be used for escape or emergencies. Air Purifying Respirators:

This type of respirator uses filters, canisters or cartridges that can REMOVE specific contaminants from the air before it reaches your lungs. This type of respirator is ONLY to be used if the air contaminants have been properly IDENTIFIED and the filter, canister or cartridge is designed to absorb the amount of contaminant in the air. *** They must NEVER be used when the air quality is not known and it could be Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. The actual type of cartridge, canister or filter that you will use is determined by the type of air hazard that exists. when should air purifying respirators NOT be used? This type of unit must NOT be used if the air is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Hearing Conservation Program (if the noise you will be exposed to exceeds OSHA safe limits) Checking The Noise In Your Work Area - Periodically, your employer must check work areas for noise levels that may harm you. Hearing Tests - This is called an audiogram. It is a simple, painless test that will determine how well you hear. Hearing Protection/ Ear Plugs & Ear Muffs - You must wear some type of hearing protection, either ear plugs, ear muffs, (or a combination of both) if your job exposes you to 85 decibels in an 8-hour TWA or when you must go into any area that is determined to be a high noise area. Training - You must be trained every year on the proper use and care of each type of hearing protection you will use. You will also learn how too much noise can cause hearing loss and how hearing PPE can protect you. How is noise measured? Decibals. Engineering Controls for NOISE: Enclosing noisy processes in sound-absorbing rooms. Using carpet, resilient flooring and sound-dampening walls. Using rubber cushions or cardboard at the end of line chutes. Replacing noisy metal parts with quieter plastic or rubber components. Eliminating vibration noise by placing heavy equipment on resilient pads. Ensuring equipment is properly maintained. Administrative Controls for NOISE: Operating noisy machinery on a shift when fewer employees are present Rotating employees out of noisy areas for part of a shift Hearing Personal Protective Equipment TWO basic types of hearing protection devices you may use: Ear plugs and Ear muffs. De-Energized Equipment: De-Energized Equipment is equipment in which the circuits have been disconnected from all their power sources.

Energized Equipment: Energized Equipment is equipment that has exposed, live parts of circuits that may be directly contacted, or contacted by tools or materials...and can cause electrical shock. 10 Foot Rule. Always stay at least 10 feet from electric lines with voltages of 50 kilovolts or less!