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ISTC BASIC PLUS TRAINING EXAM
100% VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
STUDY SET
OSHA
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
FOUR ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS TO RECOGNIZING HAZARDS AND REDUCING AND/OR ELIMINATING
THE WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
- MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
- WORKSITE ANALYSIS
- HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING
PSM
PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
IS:
TO PREVENT UNWANTED RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS.
MPH
MAJOR PROCESS HAZARDS
THERE ARE _____ BASIC ELEMENTS OF PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT.
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IN PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
EMPLOYEES MUST BE TRAINED AND INFORMED SO THEY KNOW HOW TO PREVENT EXPOSURE TO,
OR PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM, THE HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS.
PROCESS SAFETY INFORMATION
THE EMPLOYER MUST COMPILE COMPLETE AND ACCURATE WRITTEN INFORMATION CONCERNING
PROCESS CHEMICALS, PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT. THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO AN
EFFECTIVE PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AND TO PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA).
PHA
PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA)
THIS IS AN EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF A PROCESS OR JOB AND IS ONE OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. A
DESIGNATED TEAM WORKS TOGETHER TO PERFORM A PHA.
OPERATING PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES
OPERATING PROCEDURES TELL YOU HOW TO SAFELY PERFORM A JOB. IT TELLS THE DATA TO BE
RECORDED, OPERATING CONDITIONS TO BE MAINTAINED, SAMPLES TO BE COLLECTED AND
EVALUATED, AND THE SAFETY AND HEALTH PRECAUTIONS THAT MUST BE TAKEN ALL THE TIME.
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
ALL EMPLOYEES, INCLUDING MAINTENANCE AND CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES WHO COULD BE
IMPACTED BY THE HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS MUST BE TRAINED SO THAT THEY KNOW THE HAZARDS
AND HOW TO PROTECT THEMSELVES, THEIR FELLOW EMPLOYEES AND THE CITIZENS OF NEARBY
COMMUNITIES.
CONTRACTORS
EMPLOYEES MUST BE HIRED WHO CAN ACCOMPLISH THEIR JOB TASKS WITHOUT COMPROMISING
THE SAFETY AND HEALTH OF THAT EMPLOYEE OR OTHERS.
PRE-STARTUP SAFETY
ALL IMPORTANT ELEMENTS SUCH AS START-UP, SHUT-DOWN AND OPERATING PROCEDURES,
INCLUDING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MUST BE IN PLACE AND THE OPERATING STAFF TRAINED
BEFORE A STARTUP. THE DEVELOPMENT OF P&IDS (PIPING & INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS) MUST BE
AVAILABLE PRIOR TO STARTUP FOR TRAINING ASSISTANCE.
THIS REFERS TO THE BASIC STEPS OF A TYPICAL LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURE AS DISCUSSED
EARLIER IN THIS STUDY GUIDE.
COLD WORK PERMITS
THIS TYPE OF PERMIT IS USED FOR WORK WHICH TYPICALLY DOES NOT CREATE ANY SERIOUS SAFETY
CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE JOB: IT WILL NOT PRODUCE HEAT OR A SPARK AND THE WORK IS
TO BE DONE IN NORMAL WORK AREAS.
HOT WORK PERMITS
THIS PERMIT IS USED WHEN THE WORK THAT WILL BE DONE OR THE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT USED
TO DO THE WORK COULD PRODUCE ENOUGH HEAT OR A SPARK TO IGNITE THE MATERIALS AROUND
IT. THIS PERMIT REQUIRES THE RESULTS OF THE GAS TEST THAT PROVES THAT THIS WORK CAN BE
SAFELY DONE AS WELL AS WHAT FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT MUST BE ON HAND DURING THE
WORK. SOME OTHER REQUIREMENTS ARE TIME AND DATE THE WORK CAN BE DONE, DESCRIPTION
OF THE OBJECT TO BE WORKED ON, AND WHAT EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE ON HAND.
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMITS
THIS PERMIT HAS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS THAT MUST BE IN PLACE BEFORE ANYONE CAN ENTER A
CONFINED SPACE. THIS INCLUDES AIR QUALITY TESTING AND EMERGENCY RESCUE NEEDS.
MANAGING CHANGE
THE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE COVERS SUCH AREAS AS CHANGES IN PROCESS TECHNOLOGY,
CHANGES IN INSTRUMENTATION, OR CHANGES IN THE EQUIPMENT ITSELF. NOT PROPERLY
MANAGING CHANGE HAS BEEN A PRIMARY CAUSE OF MANY ACCIDENTS. SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST
ALWAYS BE MADE TO BE SURE THAT PUMP TYPES AND SIZES, AND OTHER EQUIPMENT THAT IS BEING
REPLACED ARE IDENTICAL TO WHAT IS BEING REMOVED.
INVESTIGATION OF INCIDENTS
THE INVESTIGATION OF AN INCIDENT IS THE ONLY WAY TO DETERMINE THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF
INCIDENTS AND THEN DETERMINE ANY STEPS THAT COULD PREVENT THE SAME OR SIMILAR EVENTS
FROM REOCCURRING IN THE FUTURE. THE FOCUS OF ALL INVESTIGATIONS SHOULD BE TO OBTAIN
FACTS - AND NOT TO PLACE BLAME. FOR THIS PURPOSE, ALL ACCIDENTS, INJURIES, AND INCIDENTS
(EVEN "NEAR-MISS" INCIDENTS) MUST BE REPORTED TO THE PROPER PERSONNEL.
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
EACH EMPLOYER MUST HAVE AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN THAT LAYS OUT WHAT ACTION
EMPLOYEES ARE TO TAKE SHOULD THERE BE A RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS. THIS PLAN
TELLS HOW PERSONNEL WILL EVACUATE IF THERE IS A RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS.
EMPLOYEES MUST BE TRAINED SO THEY WILL KNOW WHAT TO DO IF SUCH A SITUATION OCCURS.
COMPLIANCE AUDITS
THE EMPLOYER MUST HAVE TRAINED PERSONNEL TO AUDIT THE SITE'S PROCESS SAFETY
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. THIS AUDIT IS TO ENSURE THAT THE SITE IS DOING WHAT THEY SAY THEY
WILL DO, AND ALSO TO HELP DETERMINE IF WHAT THEY ARE DOING MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF
WHAT IT WAS DESIGNED TO DO.
KEYWORDS: DOING WHAT THEY SAY THEY WILL DO = COMPLY
TRADE SECRETS
THE EMPLOYER MUST MAKE ALL INFORMATION NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH THE STANDARD
AVAILABLE TO THOSE PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPILING THE PROCESS SAFETY INFORMATION.
HOWEVER, CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS MAY BE USED TO SAFEGUARD CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE
PROCESS.
CRANES
CRANES CAN NEVER BE OPERATED IN A POSITION WHERE THEIR BOOM OR LINE CAN COME WITHIN
10 FEET OF ANY OVERHEAD POWER LINE WITHOUT SPECIAL APPROVAL. CRANE OPERATORS MUST
NEVER ALLOW THEIR LOAD TO SWING OVER PEOPLE. THE LOAD BEING HANDLED BY A CRANE MUST
BE CONTROLLED BY THE USE OF A TAG-LINE. CRANE OPERATORS CAN ONLY TAKE DIRECTIONS FROM
A DESIGNATED SPOTTER. THE SPOTTER CAN VERBALLY COMMUNICATE OR USE HAND SIGNALS TO
DIRECT THE CRANE OPERATIONS.
FORKLIFTS
APPROXIMATELY 100 WORKERS ARE KILLED EACH YEAR IN A FORKLIFT ACCIDENT. MANY OF THESE
DEATHS ARE CAUSED WHEN THE FORKLIFT OVERTURNS. ANOTHER MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH IS
WHEN PEDESTRIANS ARE STRUCK AND KILLED BY FORKLIFTS.
EXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE TYPES OF PERMITS THAT ARE USED AT WORKSITES:
OSHA WAS CREATED TO HELP REDUCE THE INJURY AND HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT CAN OCCUR IN
INDUSTRY.. (APART OF THE US FEDERAL GOVERNEMENT)
OSHA'S SAFETY STANDARD 29 CFR 1910.1200 IS SOMETIMES CALLED THE _________ LAW.
"RIGHT-TO-KNOW"
WHAT IS A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE?
A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE IS ANY SUBSTANCE WHICH CAN CAUSE INJURY (A PHYSICAL HAZARD) OR
CAUSE ILLNESS (A HEALTH HAZARD) IN A PERSON.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LABELING SYSTEMS:
THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) LABEL
THE NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) LABELING SYSTEM
THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (HMIS)
HAZARD CATEGORY 1 ON A GHS LABEL
MOST SEVERE HAZARD.
HAZARD CATEGORY 5 ON A GHS LABEL
LEAST SEVERE HAZARD.
HOW ARE THE HMIS AND THE NFPA LABELS ARE ALIKE?
THEY USE THE SAME COLOR CODES AND NUMBER WARNINGS.
HMIS AND NFPA LABELS: (EXAMPLE)
ON THE BLUE HEALTH AREA, 0 = NO HEALTH HAZARD, 1= SLIGHT HEALTH HAZARD, 2= MODERATE
HEALTH HAZARD, 3= EXTREME DANGER 4= VERY SEVERE OR DEADLY HEALTH HAZARD..
SDS
SAFETY DATA SHEET.
EACH SDS MUST CONTAIN:
THE IDENTITY USED ON THE LABEL
THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL (SUCH AS THE
VAPOR PRESSURE AND FLASH POINT)
THE PHYSICAL HAZARDS OF THE HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL (SUCH AS ANY FIRE, EXPLOSION, AND
REACTIVITY HAZARDS)
THE HEALTH HAZARDS OF THE CHEMICAL, INCLUDING THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
EXPOSURE AND ANY MEDICAL CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO THE CHEMICAL
THE PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY
THE RELEVANT EXPOSURE LIMITS
WHETHER THE CHEMICAL IS A CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
WHAT IS PEL (PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT)?
IS THE MEASUREMENT OSHA USES TO IDENTIFY THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE THAT A
PERSON CAN SAFELY BE EXPOSED TO AT ANY ONE MOMENT IN TIME.
WHAT IS"TWA" MEANING TIME-WEIGHTED-AVERAGE (OF 8 HOURS)?
IT IS ANOTHER MEASURE FOR EXPOSURE LIMITS, IT DETERMINES HOW MUCH OF AN EXPOSURE IS
ALLOWABLE WITHIN A NORMAL 8-HOUR WORKDAY.
EXAMPLES OF SUCH CHEMICAL HAZARDS WOULD BE:
ASBESTOS
LEAD
RADIATION
ABESTOS:
ASBESTOS CONTAINS FIBERS THAT ARE VERY STRONG AND RESISTANT TO HEAT AND CHEMICALS.
ASBESTOS IS OFTEN USED TO INSULATE VESSELS AND PIPING. ASBESTOS IS USED IN SIDING,
SHINGLES AND FLOOR TILES. UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS, THESE FIBERS DO NOT POSE A HEALTH
HAZARD BUT THEY DO BECOME HAZARDOUS IF SOMETHING HAPPENS TO CAUSE THESE FIBERS TO
BE RELEASED INTO THE AIR. WHEN RELEASED IN THE AIR THESE FIBERS CAN CAUSE LUNG CANCER,
GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER, OR A LUNG CONDITION CALLED ASBESTOSIS. YOU MUST BE PROPERLY
TRAINED AND WEAR THE PROPER PPE IF YOU WORK WHERE THERE ARE DANGEROUS
CONCENTRATIONS OF ASBESTOS.
ALL "HARDHATS" PROVIDE PROTECTION FROM INJURY CAUSED BY FALLING OBJECTS. SOMETIMES
DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HARDHATS ARE NEEDED. (ELECTRICIANS WOULD USE A CLASS OF HARDHAT
THAT ALSO WOULD HELP TO PROTECT THEM FROM ELECTRICAL SHOCK, FOR EXAMPLE.)
EYE PROTECTION
SAFETY GLASSES MUST BE APPROVED BY THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
AND WILL HAVE A Z87.1 NUMBER STAMPED ON THE GLASSES. REMEMBER, YOUR PRESCRIPTION
GLASSES ARE NOT SAFETY GLASSES, UNLESS DESIGNED FOR THIS PURPOSE AND CLASSIFIED AS Z87.1.
FACE PROTECTION
A FACE SHIELD MUST BE USED IF THERE IS A CHANCE THAT A HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL COULD SPLASH
ONTO YOUR FACE.
HEARING PROTECTION
HEARING PROTECTION MUST BE WORN WHEN THE NOISE IS SO LOUD THAT IT COULD DAMAGE
YOUR HEARING. IF YOU WORK IN NOISY AREAS, YOU MUST WEAR HEARING PROTECTION. YOU MAY
NEED TO USE EARPLUGS, EARMUFFS OR THE COMBINATION OF BOTH IN EXTREMELY NOISY
ENVIRONMENTS.
BODY PROTECTION
LONG-SLEEVE SHIRTS AND FULL-LENGTH PANTS MAY HELP TO PROTECT YOU FROM BURNS AND
SPILLS. SOMETIMES CHEMICAL RESISTANT SUITS OR FLAME RETARDANT CLOTHING MAY BE
REQUIRED.
FOOT PROTECTION
SAFETY SHOES AND BOOTS MAY PROTECT YOUR FOOT FROM INJURIES THAT WOULD BE CAUSED BY
ITEMS DROPPING ON OR CUTTING THE FOOT. A CHEMICAL RESISTANT BOOT MAY BE NEEDED FOR
SOME JOBS.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
YOU MUST WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IF THE AIR IN YOUR WORK AREA MAY BECOME
HAZARDOUS TO BREATHE.
FALL PROTECTION
YOU MUST USE PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION WHEN YOU WORK SIX FEET OR MORE ABOVE THE
GROUND.
HAND PROTECTION
RUBBER GLOVES PROTECT YOU FROM ELECTRICAL SHOCK. NEOPRENE OR LATEX GLOVES PROTECT
THE HANDS FROM CERTAIN CHEMICALS. THERE ARE MANY OTHER KINDS OF GLOVES. YOU MUST
KNOW EXACTLY WHAT THE DANGERS ARE BEFORE YOU CAN CHOOSE THE CORRECT HAND
PROTECTION.
OSHA'S PREFERRED ORDER FOR HAZARD CONTROL METHODS:
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
*PPE IS USED WHEN THE HAZARD CAN'T BE CONTROLLED BY ENGINEERING OR ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROLS.
*ENGINEERING CONTROLS IS THE BEST WAY TO CONTROL HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE.
EXAMPLES OF ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
USING MUFFLERS OR BUYING QUIETER TOOLS SO THAT YOU DON'T HAVE TO WEAR EARPLUGS.
INSTALLING "GUARDS" ON EQUIPMENT THAT WILL PREVENT YOU FROM TOUCHING A MOVING
PART BY MISTAKE.
EXAMPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS:
ROTATING INDIVIDUALS OUT OF HAZARDOUS AREAS FOR PART OF SHIFT.
REDUCING THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS ALLOWED INTO HAZARDOUS AREAS.
SCBA
(SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS) RESPIRATORS. (THESE ARE SHARED, UNLIKE YOUR PPE)
WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE YOU CAN WEAR A RESPIRATOR?
1. MEDICAL EVALUATION
2. TRAINING
3. FIT TEST (WHAT YOU DID @ DRUG TEST WITH MASK)
THIS TYPE OF UNIT MUST NOT BE USED IF THE AIR IS IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND
HEALTH (IDLH).
HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM (IF THE NOISE YOU WILL BE EXPOSED TO EXCEEDS OSHA SAFE
LIMITS)
CHECKING THE NOISE IN YOUR WORK AREA - PERIODICALLY, YOUR EMPLOYER MUST CHECK WORK
AREAS FOR NOISE LEVELS THAT MAY HARM YOU.
HEARING TESTS - THIS IS CALLED AN AUDIOGRAM. IT IS A SIMPLE, PAINLESS TEST THAT WILL
DETERMINE HOW WELL YOU HEAR.
HEARING PROTECTION/ EAR PLUGS & EAR MUFFS - YOU MUST WEAR SOME TYPE OF HEARING
PROTECTION, EITHER EAR PLUGS, EAR MUFFS, (OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH) IF YOUR JOB EXPOSES
YOU TO 85 DECIBELS IN AN 8-HOUR TWA OR WHEN YOU MUST GO INTO ANY AREA THAT IS
DETERMINED TO BE A HIGH NOISE AREA.
TRAINING - YOU MUST BE TRAINED EVERY YEAR ON THE PROPER USE AND CARE OF EACH TYPE OF
HEARING PROTECTION YOU WILL USE. YOU WILL ALSO LEARN HOW TOO MUCH NOISE CAN CAUSE
HEARING LOSS AND HOW HEARING PPE CAN PROTECT YOU.
HOW IS NOISE MEASURED?
DECIBALS.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS FOR NOISE:
ENCLOSING NOISY PROCESSES IN SOUND-ABSORBING ROOMS.
USING CARPET, RESILIENT FLOORING AND SOUND-DAMPENING WALLS.
USING RUBBER CUSHIONS OR CARDBOARD AT THE END OF LINE CHUTES.
REPLACING NOISY METAL PARTS WITH QUIETER PLASTIC OR RUBBER COMPONENTS.
ELIMINATING VIBRATION NOISE BY PLACING HEAVY EQUIPMENT ON RESILIENT PADS.
ENSURING EQUIPMENT IS PROPERLY MAINTAINED.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS FOR NOISE:
OPERATING NOISY MACHINERY ON A SHIFT WHEN FEWER EMPLOYEES ARE PRESENT
ROTATING EMPLOYEES OUT OF NOISY AREAS FOR PART OF A SHIFT
HEARING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
TWO BASIC TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES YOU MAY USE:
EAR PLUGS AND EAR MUFFS.
DE-ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT:
DE-ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT IS EQUIPMENT IN WHICH THE CIRCUITS HAVE BEEN DISCONNECTED
FROM ALL THEIR POWER SOURCES.
ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT:
ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT IS EQUIPMENT THAT HAS EXPOSED, LIVE PARTS OF CIRCUITS THAT MAY BE
DIRECTLY CONTACTED, OR CONTACTED BY TOOLS OR MATERIALS...AND CAN CAUSE ELECTRICAL
SHOCK.
10 FOOT RULE.
ALWAYS STAY AT LEAST 10 FEET FROM ELECTRIC LINES WITH VOLTAGES OF 50 KILOVOLTS OR LESS!
