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LING 115 Final
Which of the following are advantages of English as a global lingua franca? Everyone will get along better because they speak the same language. Communications in international organizations like the Association of South-East Asian Nations is easier. International travel is more accessible. People for whom English is an L1 (ex: people in Great Britain and the US) don't have to learn more than one language. English is sophisticated and easy to learn compared to other potential lingua francas, for instance Chinese. - correct answer ✔✔Communications in international organizations like the Association of South-East Asian Nations is easier. International travel is more accessible. People for whom English is an L1 (ex: people in Great Britain and the US) don't have to learn more than one language The biggest factor that caused English to be the dominant language in California was: The colonization of California Immigration into California The Mexican-American War
The Gold Rush - correct answer ✔✔The Gold Rush The effect of Prop. 63 in California is that: California has an extensive bilingual education system in the schools California publishes official government materials in English only. California must promote English, but it can and does still publish official government materials in many languages. California must publish official government materials in many languages because of Prop. 63. - correct answer ✔✔California must promote English, but it can and does still publish official government materials in many languages. What percentage of Californians are monolingual in English (according to the 2000 census data)? 98 82 60 10 - correct answer ✔✔ 60 What percentage of the US speaks English monolingually? 98
English was the language of religion. - correct answer ✔✔Number of Speakers (as compared to other languages) What did the court case Meyer vs. Nebraska in 1923 establish? The government cannot prohibit non-English languages from being taught in schools as foreign languages or being used as the medium of instruction after school hours. A school district is discriminating against students if it doesn't properly accommodate the fact that the students speak a language other than English or a dialect of English that is not Standard American English (ex: AAVE). Government offices must print official government documents in both English and another language if that other language is spoken by at least 5% of the people within the jurisdiction of that office. The United States must work to preserve and promote Native American languages. - correct answer ✔✔The government cannot prohibit non-English languages from being taught in schools as foreign languages or being used as the medium of instruction after school hours. What prompted the National Defense Act of 1958? The extremely high dropout rate of Spanish speaking students in Texas schools. The Michigan school district's habit of categorizing AAVE speaking students as learning disabled. Concern for the preservation of heritage languages in the United States. Sputnik and the fear that the United States was falling behind in the Space Race. - correct answer ✔✔Sputnik and the fear that the United States was falling behind in the Space Race.
What percentage of the world's population speaks English with native or near-native like proficiency? one fifth 50% 12% 1% - correct answer ✔✔12% The steam engine was invented in France China Great Britain The United States - correct answer ✔✔Great Britain Which of the following could cause English to stop being used as a global lingua franca? (The way Latin is no longer used.) A global lingua franca is no longer necessary. Former colonies reject the use of English as it is associated with being occupied. The power and wealth of the English speaking world (especially the United States and Great Britain) fades.
True/False Writing a computer program requires some amount of English proficiency. - correct answer ✔✔True A language used as a symbol of the people is: A. A Lingua Franca B. An Official Language C. A National Language D. None of the Above - correct answer ✔✔C. A National Language The language most commonly used as the medium of education is: A. A Lingua Franca B. An Official Language C. A National Language D. None of the Above - correct answer ✔✔B. An Official Language True/False Governments declare lingua francas. - correct answer ✔✔False True/False
Official languages must have a written form. - correct answer ✔✔True True/False Lingua Francas don't have to have a written form. - correct answer ✔✔True True/False National Languages must be prestigious. - correct answer ✔✔False Why was the implementation of Indonesian in Indonesia more successful than the implementation of Filipino in the Phillipines? A. Everyone knew that Filipino was just Tagalog by another name whereas Indonesian was a completely new language. B. Indonesian was wide spread, spoken by most people in the country, but Filipino was not. C. Filipino needed a lot of work to be a suitable official language whereas Indonesian did not. D. Indonesian was spoken by a variety of ethnic groups (but not the group in control of the government) whereas Filipino was spoken only by the ethnic group in control of the government. - correct answer ✔✔D. Indonesian was spoken by a variety of ethnic groups (but not the group in control of the government) whereas Filipino was spoken only by the ethnic group in control of the government. What was the most important factor in the success of Tanzania's language policy? A. Most people in the country could speak Swahili.
C. Language Planning D. Standardization - correct answer ✔✔A. Corpus Planning Swahili in Mozambique is an example of A. a lingua franca B. an official language C. a national language D. a nonprestigious language - correct answer ✔✔A. a lingua franca The country of Treelandia wants to use Sycamorese as its official language. Sycamorese isn't written or used in any official capacity currently. There are many different dialects. What is going to be the first step in elevating Sycamorese to an official status? A. Selection B. Codification C. Standardization D. Elaboration of Function - correct answer ✔✔A. Selection The poor country of Lawnville has just recently won its independence from Flowerville. It is trying to decide whether to use Flowerese as its official language or Lawnese. Lawnese has a written form, but it's not currently used in any educational setting. Which will they probably choose?
A. Flowerese. Because Lawnese isn't used in an educational setting, not very people will know it, but most people will have learned Flowerese during the time that Flowerville controlled the government. B. Flowerese. Because Lawnese isn't used in an educational setting it isn't standardized and will need to have its function elaborated. This will be expensive. C. Lawnese. Even if implementing Lawnese is expensive, its important that official languages be native to the area so that they are accepted. D. Lawnese. Flowerville probably won't allow Lawnville to use Flowerese because such a restriction is common in colonial situations - correct answer ✔✔B. Flowerese. Because Lawnese isn't used in an educational setting it isn't standardized and will need to have its function elaborated. This will be expensive. True/False Spanish is the national language of Paraguay. - correct answer ✔✔False Lingala (in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) is an example of A. A widely spoken official language B. A lingua franca C. A widely spoken national language D. A national language only spoken by a small percentage of the population - correct answer ✔✔D. A national language only spoken by a small percentage of the population Which of the following languages would have to undergo Lexical Expansion/Elaboration of Function in order to be used as an official language?
Which factor has contributed the most the survival of Welsh? A. Geographic Isolation B. National Government Support C. Positive Attitudes D. Teaching as a subject in school - correct answer ✔✔C. Positive Attitudes Which factor has contributed the most the survival of Mawng and other languages of Goulbern Island? A. Geographic Isolation B. National Government Support C. Positive Attitudes D. Teaching as a subject in school - correct answer ✔✔A. Geographic Isolation True/False A language can't survive without a large population of speakers. - correct answer ✔✔False True/False Language documentation can solve the problem of language death. - correct answer ✔✔False
True/False Multilingualism is common in many parts of the world. - correct answer ✔✔True True/False The language Watchish has 500 speakers. Its speakers live on an island far away from any cities. They are mostly sustenance farmers who are governed by a local council of elders. Watchish is very likely to die out soon. - correct answer ✔✔False True/False he language Cupench has 200,000 speakers. Its speaker are mostly sustenance farmers who live in the mountains, but many people have begun to move to the nearby city for better work. The people in the city speak Phonench. In order to help their children succeed, almost everyone sends their children to boarding schools in the city where the medium of education is Phonench. Cupench is very likely to die out soon. - correct answer ✔✔True True/Fale The language Ricish has 10,000 speakers. Its speakers live on an island, but that island has had a lot of Tissuese speakers move to it. Tissuese is the dominant language of the country used in government and as a medium of education. The Tissuese speakers have built big cities that most of the Ricish speakers now live in. There are a handful of schools that use Ricish as a medium of education, but it is very common for Ricish speakers to marry Tissuese speakers. Ricish is very likely to die out soon. - correct answer ✔✔True Which of the following best describes the role of the Eisteddfod in the survival/endangerment of Welsh? A. It contributes to the endangerment of Welsh through bottom-up pressures B. It contributes to the endangerment of Welsh through top-down pressures
C. There is high paying, industrialized work available on the island, but you are forbidden to speak an indigenous language in any of these positions. D. There is no high paying, industrialized work available on the island. You have to travel to the English speaking city for this work. - correct answer ✔✔D. There is no high paying, industrialized work available on the island. You have to travel to the English speaking city for this work. Which of the following is true about the economic situation of the Hawaiian Islands? A. There is high paying, industrialized work available for speakers of the indigenous languages who don't speak English. B. There is high paying, industrialized work available on the island, but it requires that you also speak English. C. There is high paying, industrialized work available on the island, but you are forbidden to speak an indigenous language in any of these positions. D. There is no high paying, industrialized work available on the island. You have to travel to the English speaking city for this work. - correct answer ✔✔B. There is high paying, industrialized work available on the island, but it requires that you also speak English. True/False If a language has over 10,000 speakers, it's safe and going to continue into the future - correct answer ✔✔False True/False 96% of the world's languages are spoken by 4% of the world's population. - correct answer ✔✔True
True/False Code-switching is one of the causes of language shift. - correct answer ✔✔False True/False The second stage in the 3-generation language shift model is bilingualism. - correct answer ✔✔True One of the places with the most language extinction is: A. Papua New Guinea B. North America C. Kenya D. Europe - correct answer ✔✔B. North America In the town of Oberwart, the oldest generation spoke: A. Hungarian with survival skills German B. German with survival skills Hungarian C. German and Hungarian equally well (bilingual) D. Only German - correct answer ✔✔A. Hungarian with survival skills German
A. a top-down pressure B. a bottom-up pressure C. encouragement for the minority language - correct answer ✔✔A. a top-down pressure A language with speakers in their 30's but no speakers under the age of 20 should be described as A. Safe B. Extinct C. Endangered D. Moribund - correct answer ✔✔C. Endangered The 1998 earthquake in Papua New Guinea is an example of which factor that can cause language loss? A. Economic Pressure B. Demographic Factors C. School D. Loss of Speakers - correct answer ✔✔D. Loss of Speakers Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps a language be revitalized?
A. Teaching the language as a foreign subject in high school B. Having money to create a dictionary for the language C. Getting government recognition for the language (so that official documents can be filled out in the minority language) D. Impressing upon the community how fast a language can go extinct - correct answer ✔✔A. Teaching the language as a foreign subject in high school What factor has been influential in the survival of Mwang? A. A large community of speakers B. The isolation of the speakers C. Government policies requiring that official offices are bilingual D. The economic viability of the language being associated with a prestigious career
- correct answer ✔✔B. The isolation of the speakers Which of the following did NOT contribute to the revival of Hebrew? A. The prestige of the language being associated with the Jewish religion. B. The existence of living mother-tongue language speakers. C. The wealth of the community that wanted to revitalize Hebrew
