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MCB 246 – final Exam with verified detailed answers, Exams of Anatomy

University of Illinois - Urbana-ChampaignAnatomy

MCB 246 – final Exam with verified detailed answers

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 07/01/2026

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MCB || 246 || – || final || Exam || with || verified || detailed ||
answers
Name || 3 || homeostatic || regulator || functions || of || the || kidney. || - || ✔✔1) || Regulates ||
blood || pressure || & || volume
2) || Regulates || plasma || ion || concentrations
3) || Regulates || acid-base || balance
Name || the || 3 || layers || that || make || up || the || renal || capsule || - || ✔✔1) || Endothelium || of ||
glomerulus
2) || Dense || layer || of || glomerulus
3) || Podocyte || Filtration || slits
Glomerular || filtration || depends || on || what || 3 || pressures?
How || is || NFP || calculated? || - || ✔✔Glomerular || Hydrostatic || Pressure || (HPg) || - ||
Promotes || filtration
Capsular || Hydrostatic || Pressure || (HPc) || - || Resists || filtration
Blood || Colloid || Osmotic || Pressure || (OPg) || - || resists || filtration
NFP || = || HPg || - || (HPc || + || OPg)
|| avg || = || 10 || mmHg
What || are || the || 3 || major || control || systems || that || regulate || GFR? || Name || what || they ||
do || - || ✔✔1) || Autoregulation || - || (myogenic || response) || arteriole || diameter || change
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MCB|| 246 || – || final|| Exam|| with|| verified|| detailed||

answers

Name || 3 || homeostatic || regulator || functions || of || the || kidney. || - || ✔✔1) || Regulates || blood || pressure || & || volume

  1. || Regulates || plasma || ion || concentrations
  2. || Regulates || acid-base || balance Name || the || 3 || layers || that || make || up || the || renal || capsule || - || ✔✔1) || Endothelium || of || glomerulus
  3. || Dense || layer || of || glomerulus
  4. || Podocyte || Filtration || slits Glomerular || filtration || depends || on || what || 3 || pressures? How || is || NFP || calculated? || - || ✔✔Glomerular || Hydrostatic || Pressure || (HPg) || - || Promotes || filtration Capsular || Hydrostatic || Pressure || (HPc) || - || Resists || filtration Blood || Colloid || Osmotic || Pressure || (OPg) || - || resists || filtration NFP || = || HPg || - || (HPc || + || OPg) || avg || = || 10 || mmHg What || are || the || 3 || major || control || systems || that || regulate || GFR? || Name || what || they || do || - || ✔✔1) || Autoregulation || - || (myogenic || response) || arteriole || diameter || change

2)Autonomic || Regulation || - || sympathetic || nervous || system || decreases || renal || blood || flow || in || fight-or-flight || state

  1. || Hormonal || Affects || - || ANP || released || in || response || to || increase || Atrial || Pressure || stimulates || afferent || arteriole || dilation T/F || Diffusion || and || osmotic || gradients || of || most || solutes || do || NOT || depend || on || Na+ || gradient || set || up || by || Na+/K+ || ATPase. || - || ✔✔False, || they || depend || on || it. What || is || countercurrent || multiplication || and || what || does || it || allow || for? || - || ✔✔CM || concentrates || filtrate. Descending || limb || pumps || out || water || and || ascending || limb || pumps || out || NaCl || while || being || impermeable || to || water When || is || aldosterone || secreted || and || what || does || it || do? || ADH? || - || ✔✔Aldosterone || - || secreted || when || blood || pressure || decreases -promotes || salt || and || water || reabsorption ADH || - || causes || formation || of || aquaporins || in || membranes || of || collecting || system, || increase || water || reabsorption What || do || Natriuteric || Peptides || (ANP) || do? || - || ✔✔Suppress || ADH || function Causes || water || loss Counters || increase || in || blood || volume || and || pressure T/F || Vasa || Recta || balances || solute || reabsorption || and || osmosis || in || the || MEDULLA || of || the || kidney || - || ✔✔True

T/F || Secondary || oocytes || are || arrested || at || metaphase || in || meioisis || 2 || unless || fertilized || - || ✔✔TRUE Explain || the || stages || of || the || ovarian || cycle || (days, || hormones, || what || happens) || - || ✔✔Follicular || Phase || (days || 1-13) || - || FSH || production || stimulates || follicles || to || form || and || mature Ovulation || (day || 14) || - || secondary || oocyte || ovulates || from || mature || follicle || as || a || result || of || an || LH || surge || - || caused || by || rising || estrogen || levels || released || from || primary || follicles Luteal || phase || (days || 15-28) || - || corpus || luteum || secretes || estrogen || and || progesterone || to || prepare || the || uterus || for || pregnancy. || Degenerates || about || a || week || after || pregnancy || does || NOT || occur. T/F || Estrogen || levels || have || no || affect || on || the || LH || surge || - || ✔✔False, || high || estrogen || levels || cause || the || LH || surge || (ovulation) How || does || inhibin || play || a || role || in || ovulation? || - || ✔✔Inhibin || has || a || negative || feedback || on || GnRH, || therefore, || FSH || production || decreases || and || estrogen || levels || rise || causing || an || LH || surge What || do || primary || follicles || secrete? || - || ✔✔Estrogen || to || mature || the || uterine || lining Menses || vs || menarche || vs || amenorrhea || (1 || & || 2) || - || ✔✔Menses || - || menstrual || period || of || a || female; || uterine || lining || sheds Menarche || - || a || woman's || first || menstrual || cycle

Amenorrhea || 1 || - || failure || to || initiate || menses Amenorrhea || 2 || - || 6+ || months || of || failing || to || initiate || menses || (pregnancy, || stress, || athletics, || etc.) What || is || atresia || and || when || is || it || the || most || prevalent? || - || ✔✔Loss || of || primordial || follicles, || most || prevalent || before || birth || (7 || million || primordial || follicles || compared || to || 2 || million || at || birth) || --- || continue || to || go || through || atresia || throughout || lifetime. Know || the || 3 || phases || of || the || uterine || cycle, || their || duration || and || the || hormones || responsible || for || each. || - || ✔✔1) || Menstrual || phase || - || (days || 1-7) || complete || loss || of || the || functional || zone || of || the || endometrium || -- || caused || by || decrease || in || estrogen || and || progesterone.

  1. || Proliferative || phase || - || (days || 7-13) || estrogen || levels || rise || as || released || from || primary || follicles, || functional || zone || begins || to || be || rebuilt
  2. || Secretory || Phase || - || (days || 14-28) || - || endometrial || glands || enlarge || as || corpus || luteum || produces || progesterone || and || estrogen, Know || the || significance || and || physiological || function || of || vaginal || bacteria. || - || ✔✔Vaginal || bacteria || is || harmless || resident || bacteria || that || prevents || pathogen || growth || in || the || vagina || -- || acidic || environment During || most || of || the || follicular || phase, || estrogen || has || what || type || of || feedback || on || the || hypothalamus || and || anterior || pituitary? || - || ✔✔Negative || - || decreases || GnRH || production

Spermatids || must || go || through || a || maturation || process || called || _______________ || to || become || spermatozoa || - || ✔✔Spermiogenesis What || is || the || function || of || nurse || cells? || What || 3 || things || do || they || secrete? || - || ✔✔Nurse || cells || allow || spermatogenesis || (develop || and || nourish || sperm) || and || spermiogenesis || to || occur, || the || provide || the || blood-testes || barrier. They || secrete || ABP, || MIF, || and || Inhibin T/F || Spermatogenesis || does || NOT || require || testosterone || - || ✔✔FALSE, || this || is || why || ABP || is || so || important. Intersitial || cells || stimulated || by || _______ || (hormone) || allow || for || spermatogenesis || by || secreting || _______ || (testosterone) || - || ✔✔LH Androgens Name || the || functions || of || these || parts || of || sperm: Head Acrosome Midpiece Tail || (Flagellum) || - || ✔✔Head || - || contains || nucleus || + || chromosomes Acrosome || - || contains || enzymes || for || fertilization Midpiece || - || contains || mitochondria || for || energy Tail || - || allows || motility

Ductus || deferens || is || responsible || for || what || 2 || things? || - || ✔✔Transport || by || peristalsis || of || smooth || muscle || in || walls Storage || site || (several || months) || prior || to || ejaculation Epididymis || is || responsible || for || what || 2 || things? || - || ✔✔Storing+Protecting || Spermatozoa Recycling || damaged/unused || Spermatozoa Name || the || 3 || structures || that || produces || seminal || fluid || and || the || characteristics || of || their || respective || fluid? || - || ✔✔1) || Prostate || Gland || - || slightly || acidic || (20-30% || total)

  1. || Bulbourethral || Gland || - || thick, || alkaline || mucous || to || neutralize || urethral || acid || and || lubricate || glans
  2. || Seminal || Vesicle || - || slightly || alkaline, || large || amounts || of || fructose || and || prostaglandins || (smooth || muscle || contraction) High || levels || of || testosterone || do || what || to || GnRH || release? || - || ✔✔Inhibit || GnRH || release || by || negative || feedback