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Medical assignment to help you study, Assignments of Medicine

The University of Vermont (UVM)Medicine
Prof. Heather Vonasek

Medical assignment to help you study

Typology: Assignments

2024/2025

Uploaded on 04/28/2026

jonathan-bryant
jonathan-bryant 🇺🇸

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OCEMT COURSE NOTEBOOK
Jonathan Bryant
Class #151
04/20/2026
Block Three: Medical
Activated Charcoal (pg.833)
1. Name:
● Actidose
● Insta-Char
● Liqui-Char
2. Action:
● Binds to toxins
● Absorption by the body
3. Indication
● Patients who have ingested poison
● Overdose
4. Contraindication:
● Iron
● Ethanol
● Organic solvents
● Hypersensitivity
● Patient cannot protect airway
● Cyanide
● Alkali Poisons
● Lithium
● Menthanol
5. Route of Administration:
● Oral ingestion
6. Interaction:
● May reduce absorption of other oral medications
7. Dose:
● 1/gkg body weight
● 30-100g adult
● 12-30g children
8. Adverse Effects:
● Constipation
● Black stools
● Vomiting
● Nausea
Oral Glucose (pg.509-510, 791)
1. Name:
● Glucose
2. Action:
● Simple sugar that is absorbed by the body to increase blood glucose level
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Jonathan Bryant Class # 04/20/ Block Three: Medical Activated Charcoal (pg.833)

  1. Name: ● Actidose ● Insta-Char ● Liqui-Char
  2. Action: ● Binds to toxins ● Absorption by the body
  3. Indication ● Patients who have ingested poison ● Overdose
  4. Contraindication: ● Iron ● Ethanol ● Organic solvents ● Hypersensitivity ● Patient cannot protect airway ● Cyanide ● Alkali Poisons ● Lithium ● Menthanol
  5. Route of Administration: ● Oral ingestion
  6. Interaction: ● May reduce absorption of other oral medications
  7. Dose: ● 1/gkg body weight ● 30-100g adult ● 12-30g children
  8. Adverse Effects: ● Constipation ● Black stools ● Vomiting ● Nausea Oral Glucose (pg.509-510, 791)
  9. Name: ● Glucose
  10. Action: ● Simple sugar that is absorbed by the body to increase blood glucose level
  1. Indication and specific conditions used in: ● Hypoglycemia
  2. Contraindication: ● Nausea ● Unconscious ● Hypersensitivity ● Vomiting ● Can’t swallow ● Hyperglycemia
  3. Route of administration: ● Oral between cheek and gum to absorb ● Chewable tablet ● Liquid Formulation
  4. Interaction ● Insulin
  5. Dose: ● One tube or 15 g
  6. Adverse Effects: ● Nausea ● Vomiting ● Risk of aspiration ● Hyperglycemia Block 3: Supplemental Medications Acetaminophen
  7. Names:(Drugbank.com) ● Tylenol ● Panadol ● Excedrin
  8. Drug Classification: (Medlineplus.gov) ● Non-opioid analgesic ● Antipyretic
  9. Treatment Indications (Drugbank.com) ● Mild to moderate pain ● Fever reducer
  10. Who Carries it: (Medlineplus.gov) ● Hospital ● Paramedics Ibuprofen
  11. Names: (Medlineplus.gov) ● Advil ● Motrin ● Midol

● Opipza ● Mezofy ● Abilify

  1. Drug Classification: (Drugs.com) ● Atypical Antipsychotic
  2. Treatment Indications: (Drugs.com) ● Schizophrenia ● Bipolar ● Major depressive disorder ● Tourette’s
  3. Who Carries it: (Drugs.com) ● Hospitals ● Prescribed Patients Metformin
  4. Names: (Drugbank.com) ● Glucophage ● Riomet ● Fortamet
  5. Drug Classification: (Drugbank.com) ● Biguanide antihyperglycemic agent
  6. Treatment Indications: (Medlineplus.gov) ● Type 2 diabetes
  7. Who Carries it: (Drugs.com) ● Hospitals ● Prescribed Patients Levothyroxine
  8. Names: (Drugbank.com) ● Synthroid ● Ermeza ● Levoxyl
  9. Drug Classification: (National Library of Medicine) ● Synthetic thyroid hormone
  10. Treatment Indications: (National Library of Medicine) ● Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism
  11. Who Carries it: (Drugs.com) ● Hospitals ● Prescribed Patients Omeprazole
  12. Names:(Drugs.com)

● Prilosec ● Losec ● Zegerid

  1. Drug Classification: (Drugs.com) ● Proton pump inhibitor
  2. Treatment Indications: (Medlineplus.gov) ● GERD ● Peptic ulcers ● Prevention of GI bleed
  3. Who Carries it: (Medlineplus.gov) ● Hospitals ● Prescribed Patients Block 3: Assessment Knowledge Cincinnati Stroke Scale (Name the three steps and what do we ask?) (pg. 741)
  4. Facial droop - Ask the patient to show teeth or smile a. Normal response- both sides of the face move equally well b. Abnormal response - One side of the face does not move as well and droops
  5. Arm drift – ask patient to close eyes and hold both arms out with palms up a. Normal response - both arms move the same, or neither arm moves b. Abnormal response - one arm does not move, or one arm drifts down compared to the other side
  6. Speech - ask a patient to say “you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” a. Normal response - patient using correct words with no slurring b. Abnormal response - Patient slurs words, uses inappropriate words, unable to speak AEIOUTIPS (What does it mean and when do we use it?) (pg. 792) AEIOU-TIPS is a mnemonic used to help identify causes of altered mental status. It stands for alcohol, epilepsy or endocrine disorders, insulin issues, overdose, underdose or uremia, trauma or temperature problems, infection, psychiatric causes or poisoning, and stroke or shock. Many of these conditions can lead to or be associated with hypoglycemia, so it is essential to always consider and rule out low blood sugar when evaluating a patient with altered mental status. Block 3: Specific Conditions Migraine (pg. 726,730, 747)
  7. Pathophysiology: Migraines are headaches that are thought to be caused by changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain.
  8. Signs and Symptoms: ● Head pain ● Vomiting ● Flashing lights ● Partial vision loss
  1. Signs and Symptoms: ● Loss of movement on one side ● Facial droop ● Seizures ● Nausea ● Confusion ● Tongue deviation ● Altered mental status ● Slurred speech ● Loss of balance
  2. Risk Factors ● Stress or exertion ● Head trauma ● Hypertension ● Weakness in artery walls
  3. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  4. Differential Diagnosis: ● Migraine ● Hypoglycemia ● Seizure ● TIA Transient Ischemic Attack:(pg.730)
  5. Pathophysiology: A transient ischemic attack is a disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.
  6. Signs and Symptoms: ● Severe headache ● Facial droop ● Loss of balance ● Vision loss ● Tongue deviation ● Slurred speech ● Altered mental status
  7. Risk Factors ● Atherosclerosis ● Atrial fibrillation ● Hypertension
  8. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation

● ALS upgrade

  1. Differential Diagnosis: ● TIA ● Migraine ● Hypoglycemia ● Seizure ● Bell's palsy Status Epilepticus(pg.732-735)
  2. Pathophysiology: Status epilepticus is a condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes.
  3. Signs and Symptoms: ● Tonic clonic body spasm ● Staring ● Numbness ● Weakness ● Visual changes ● Fear ● Aura ● Tachycardia ● Hyperventilation ● Sweating ● Salivation ● Unconsiousness ● Unusual smells or tastes ● Lip smacking
  4. Risks Factors ● Epilepsy ● Tumor ● Infection ● Head Trauma ● Stroke ● Drug overdose ● Hyperglycemia ● Hypoglycemia ● Poisoning
  5. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  6. Differential Diagnosis: ● Syncope ● Hypoglycemia ● Stroke
  1. Pathophysiology: Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
  2. Signs and Symptoms: ● RUQ pain ● Nausea ● Vomiting ● Gas ● Bloating ● Belching ● Pain in right shoulder ● Elevation in body temperature
  3. Risk Factors ● Women ● Older adults ● Obese people
  4. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  5. Differential Diagnosis: ● Kidney stone ● Appendicitis ● Peptic ulcer disease ● MI Peptic Ulcer Disease (pg.760-761)
  6. Pathophysiology: Peptic ulcer disease is an abrasion of the stomach or small intestine.
  7. Signs and Symptoms: ● Burning pain in stomach ● Belching ● Heartburn ● Melena ● Hematemesis
  8. Risks Factors ● Infection in the stomach ● Alcohol use ● Smoking ● Older people
  9. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  10. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis ● Pancreatitis

● GERD

● MI

Diverticulitis (pg.759-764)

  1. Pathophysiology: Diverticulitis is inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls of the intestines.
  2. Signs and Symptoms: ● Lower left quadrant pain ● Acute Abdomen ● Body aches ● Vomiting ● Lower GI bleeding ● Fever
  3. Risks Factors ● Low fiber diet ● Obesity
  4. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  5. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis ● Pancreatitis ● GERD ● MI ● Peptic ulcer disease Cystitis (pg.760-765)
  6. Pathophysiology: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder.
  7. Signs and Symptoms: ● Lower midabdominal pain ● Nausea ● Frequent urination
  8. Risks Factors ● UTI ● Women
  9. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  10. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis

● Abdominal trauma

  1. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  2. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis ● Diverticulitis ● Cholecystitis ● AAA ● Pancreatitis Gastrointestinal Bleeds (pg.762)
  3. Pathophysiology: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.
  4. Signs and Symptoms: ● Acute abdomen ● Melena (black, tarry stool) ● Blood in vomit ● Blood in stool
  5. Risks Factors ● Bowel inflammation ● Diverticulosis ● Hemorrhoids ● Cancer
  6. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  7. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis ● Diverticulitis ● Cholecystitis ● AAA ● Pancreatitis Diabetes (Type 1 and 2) (pg.231, 780-785)
  8. Pathophysiology: Diabetes is metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates(sugars) is impaired, usually because of lack of insulin
  1. Signs and Symptoms: ● Immune system produces antibodies against pancreatic beta cells (type 1) ● Polyuria ● Obesity (type 2) ● Weight loss ● Resistance to effects of insulin at cellular level (type 2) ● Polydisia ● Polyphagia ● Patient injects insulin
  2. Risks Factors ● Obesity ● Unhealthy Diet ● Family history
  3. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade ● Oral glucose
  4. Differential Diagnosis: ● Stroke ● Sepsis ● Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (pg. 785-786)
  5. Pathophysiology: Symptomatic hypoglycemia is severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.
  6. Signs and Symptoms: ● Aggressiveness ● Normal to shallow respirations ● Pale, moist skin ● Diaphoresis ● Dizziness ● Rapid pulse ● Synocope ● Altered level of consciousness
  7. Risks Factors ● Obesity ● More insulin than necessary ● Acute illness + insulin ● Insulin without eating
  8. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade

● Altered mental status ● Nasuea ● Body aches

  1. Risk Factors ● Hyperglycemia ● Type 1 diabetes ● Missed insulin doses
  2. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  3. Differential Diagnosis: ● Hypoglycemia ● Sepsis ● Stroke HHNS (pg.785)
  4. Pathophysiology: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome is a life threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage.
  5. Signs and Symptoms: ● Hyperglycemia ● Severe dehydration ● Visual defects ● Paralysis ● Seizures ● Altered mental status
  6. Risk Factors ● Hyperglycemia ● Type 2 diabetes
  7. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  8. Differential Diagnosis: ● DKA ● Hypoglycemia ● Stroke Delirium Tremens (pg.835,851)
  9. Pathophysiology: Delirium tremens is a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol.
  1. Signs and Symptoms: ● Restlessness ● Sweating ● Agitation ● Seizures ● Fever ● Disorientation
  2. Risk Factors ● Alcohol addition ● Withdrawal
  3. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  4. Differential Diagnosis: ● Sepsis ● Hypoglycemia ● Stroke Narcotic Overdose (pg.836-837)
  5. Pathophysiology: Narcotic overdose occurs when excessive opioids depress the central nervous system, particularly the respiratory centers in the brainstem.
  6. Signs and Symptoms: ● Respiratory depression ● Cyanosis ● Bradcardia ● Altered mental status ● Pinpoint pupils
  7. Risk Factors ● Chronic opioid use
  8. Treatment (National EMT Scope of Practice) ● Oxygen (Nasal Cannula. Non-Rebreather, BVM, CPAP) ● Monitor ABC’s ● Transportation ● ALS upgrade
  9. Differential Diagnosis:

● Transportation ● ALS upgrade

  1. Differential Diagnosis: ● Appendicitis ● Cholecystitis ● Pneumonia ● Sepsis ● Stroke