Methods of Data collection, Cheat Sheet of English

Download Methods of Data collection and more Cheat Sheet English in PDF only on Docsity!

Methods of Data

Collection, Sampling

Techniques and Methods

in Presenting Data

Methods of Data Collection

1. Observation

2. Interview

3. Schedule

4. Questionnaire

Interview

• (^) The interview is, in a

sense, an oral

questionnaire.

• (^) Instead of writing the

response, the

interviewee or subject

gives the needed

information verbally in a

face-to-face relationship.

Schedule Method

• Schedule is very much similar to questionnaire and there is very little difference between the two so far as their construction is concerned.
• The main difference between these two is that whereas the schedule is used in direct interview on direct observation and in it the questions are asked and filled by the researcher himself.

Sampling techniques

• Probability (Random) Sampling
• Non-probability (Non-random) Sampling

Simple random sampling

• (^) In this case each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance, or probability, of being selected. One way of obtaining a random sample is to give each individual in a population a number, and then use a fish bowl and a paper(Draw lots).

Systematic sampling

• Individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame. The intervals are chosen to ensure an adequate sample size. If you need a sample size n from a population of size x , you should select every x/n th individual for the sample. For example, if you wanted a sample size of 8 from a population of BSN 1- which is 40, select every 40/8 = 5 th member of the sampling frame.

Stratified sampling

• (^) In this method, the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata ) who all share a similar characteristic.
• (^) For example, in a study of stroke outcomes, we may stratify the population by sex, to ensure equal representation of men and women. The study sample is then obtained by taking equal sample sizes from each stratum.

Non-probability (Non-random) Sampling

• (^) In non-probability (non-random) sampling, you do not start with a complete sampling frame, so some individuals have no chance of being selected. (Bias)

1. Convenience sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Judgement (or Purposive) Sampling
4. Snowball sampling

Quota sampling

• Interviewers are given a quota of subjects

of a specified type to attempt to recruit.

• For example, an interviewer might be

told to go out and select 20 adult men, 20

adult women, 10 teenage girls and 10

teenage boys so that they could interview

them about their television viewing.

Judgement (or Purposive) Sampling

• (^) Also known as selective, or subjective,

sampling, this technique relies on the

judgement of the researcher when

choosing who to ask to participate.

This approach is often used by the

media when canvassing the public for

opinions and in qualitative

research.