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MICROBIOLOGY LAB EXAM STUDY GUIDE, Study notes of Biology

Biology

MICROBIOLOGY LAB EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Available from 06/27/2026

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MICROBIOLOGY LAB EXAM STUDY
GUIDE
WhataocoloraodoaoGram-Positiveaobacteriaaostain?ao-aoans--Purple
WhataocoloraodoaoGram-Negativeaobacteriaaostain?ao-aoans--Pink
Whataoareaotheao4aostepsaoofaoaaogramaoreaction?ao-aoans--
Primaryaostainaocrystalaoviolet,aomordantaoiodine,aodecolorizeraoalcohol-
acetone,aoandaocounterstainaosafranin.
Whataoareaosomeaowaysaoyouaocouldaomessaoupaoaaogramaostain?
aoAndaohowaowillaoyouaoknowaoyouaomessedaoup?ao-aoans--
a.aoNotaoheataofixingaoyouraoslideao-aoclearaoslide,
b.aooveraodecolorizingao-
aoslideaohasaobothaopinkaoandaopurpleaoevenaothoughaotheaocultureaowasaopure,aosoaogra
maopositiveaobacteriaaowillaostainaopinkaoandaopurple
c.aoUnderaodecolorizingao-
aoslideaohasaobothaopinkaoandaopurpleaoevenaothoughaotheaocultureaowasaopure,aosoaothea
ogramaonegativeaobacteriaaowillaostainaopurpleaoandaopinkao
d.aoOverheatingaoyouraoslideaooraonotaolettingaoyouraosmearaocompletelyaodryao-
aobacteriaaowillaoburnaooffaoleavingaoyouraoslideaoclear
e.aoForgettingaotoaocounterstainao-
aoyouaowillaohaveaogramaopositiveaobacteriaaothataoappearaopurpleaoandaogramaonegativea
obacteriaaowillaoappearaocolorless
Lookaooveraocellaoshapeaoandaoarrangementao(i.e.aococciaoandaostreptoao=aoStreptococcu
s)ao-aoans--
Lookaooveraocolonyaomorphologyaocharacteristicsao-aoans--
WhichaogrowsaobetteraoonaoMSAao(MannitolaoSaltaoAgar)aostaphylococcusaooraoenteroco
ccus?aoWhy?ao-aoans--
StaphylococcusaobacteriaaogrowsaobetteraoonaoMSAaobecauseaoitaohasaoaaohighaosaltaoco
ntentaothataomakesaoitaoveryaodifficultaoforaoenterococcusaobacteriaaotoaogrowaoonaoit.aoAls
oaosomeaostaphylococcusaospecies,aolikeaostaphylococcusaoaureus,aoareaoableaotoaoferm
entaotheaomannitolaoinaotheaoagaraoandaochangeaotheaopHaoofaotheaoagaraoasaoevidenceda
obyaoaaocoloraochangeaofromaopinkaotoaoyellow
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MICROBIOLOGY LAB EXAM STUDY

GUIDE

WhataocoloraodoaoGram-Positiveaobacteriaaostain?ao-aoans--Purple WhataocoloraodoaoGram-Negativeaobacteriaaostain?ao-aoans--Pink Whataoareaotheao 4 aostepsaoofaoaaogramaoreaction?ao-aoans-- Primaryaostainaocrystalaoviolet,aomordantaoiodine,aodecolorizeraoalcohol- acetone,aoandaocounterstainaosafranin. Whataoareaosomeaowaysaoyouaocouldaomessaoupaoaaogramaostain? aoAndaohowaowillaoyouaoknowaoyouaomessedaoup?ao-aoans-- a.aoNotaoheataofixingaoyouraoslideao-aoclearaoslide, b.aooveraodecolorizingao- aoslideaohasaobothaopinkaoandaopurpleaoevenaothoughaotheaocultureaowasaopure,aosoaogra maopositiveaobacteriaaowillaostainaopinkaoandaopurple c.aoUnderaodecolorizingao- aoslideaohasaobothaopinkaoandaopurpleaoevenaothoughaotheaocultureaowasaopure,aosoaothea ogramaonegativeaobacteriaaowillaostainaopurpleaoandaopinkao d.aoOverheatingaoyouraoslideaooraonotaolettingaoyouraosmearaocompletelyaodryao- aobacteriaaowillaoburnaooffaoleavingaoyouraoslideaoclear e.aoForgettingaotoaocounterstainao- aoyouaowillaohaveaogramaopositiveaobacteriaaothataoappearaopurpleaoandaogramaonegativea obacteriaaowillaoappearaocolorless Lookaooveraocellaoshapeaoandaoarrangementao(i.e.aococciaoandaostreptoao=aoStreptococcu s)ao-aoans-- Lookaooveraocolonyaomorphologyaocharacteristicsao-aoans-- WhichaogrowsaobetteraoonaoMSAao(MannitolaoSaltaoAgar)aostaphylococcusaooraoenteroco ccus?aoWhy?ao-aoans-- StaphylococcusaobacteriaaogrowsaobetteraoonaoMSAaobecauseaoitaohasaoaaohighaosaltaoco ntentaothataomakesaoitaoveryaodifficultaoforaoenterococcusaobacteriaaotoaogrowaoonaoit.aoAls oaosomeaostaphylococcusaospecies,aolikeaostaphylococcusaoaureus,aoareaoableaotoaoferm entaotheaomannitolaoinaotheaoagaraoandaochangeaotheaopHaoofaotheaoagaraoasaoevidenceda obyaoaaocoloraochangeaofromaopinkaotoaoyellow

WhataoisaoinaoBEAaoagaraothataomakesaoitaoselective?ao-aoans-- TheaoBileaosaltsaoinaotheaoBEAaoareaowhataomakeaoitaoselective WhataoisaoinaoBEAaoagaraothataomakesaoitaoDifferentialao-aoans-- TheaoEsculinaoAzideaoinaotheaoagaraoisaowhataomakesaoitaodifferential HowaocanaoyouaotellaoifaoanaoenterococcusaospeciesaoisaogrowingaoonaoaaoBEAaoplate?ao- aoans--Theaomediaaowillaoturnaodarkaobrown WhyaodoaoweaouseaoEMBaoagar?ao-aoans-- Itaoallowsaousaotoaoselectivelyaocultureaogramaonegativeaobacteriaaoandaodifferentiateaoba sedaoonaolactoseaofermentation. WhyaoisaoE.aocoliaogreenaoonaoEMB?ao-aoans-- Becauseaoitaoisaofermentingaotheaolactoseaoinaotheaoagaraoandaoisaostainedaobyaotheaocom binedaoeosinaoYaoandaomethyleneaoblueaodyes. Whataospeciesaoofaobacteriaaodoesaoaaocatalaseaotestaodifferentiateaobetween?ao-aoans-- Betweenaostaphylococcus/micrococcusaoandaostreptococcus/enterococcusaobacteria Whichaospeciesaoisaocatalaseaonegative?ao-aoans--Streptococcus/enterococcusaospecies Whataodoesaoaaopositiveaooxidaseaotestaolookaolike?ao-aoans-- Aaopositiveaooxidaseaotestaowillaoshowaoasaoaaoblueaocoloraochangeaotoaotheaobacteriaaoo naotheaoswab. Whataoisaoanotheraotermaoforaobetaaohemolysis?ao-aoans--Completeaohemolysis Whataoisaoanotheraotermaoforaoalphaaohemolysis?ao-aoans--Incompleteaohemolysis MatchaotheaofollowingaoplatesaowithaotheaocorrectaoHemolysisao-aoans-- Whenaowashingaoyouraohands,aowhataoareaotheaomostaocommonlyaomissedaoareas?ao- aoans-- Cracksaoofaotheaohands,aoaroundaotheaonailsaobeds,aoinaobetweenaotheaofingers,aoonaothe aosideaoofaotheaopinky,aoaroundaoanyaojewelry,aoinaoanyaoscars,aocuts,aooraoabrasions Howaolongaoshouldaoyouaowashaoyouraohandsaofor?ao-aoans--20aoseconds Trueaooraofalse? aoItaoisaobetteraotoaouseaohandaosanitizeraoinsteadaoofaowashingaoyouraohands.ao-aoans-- False.aoALWAYSaoWASHaoYOURaoHANDS!!! Whataoareaotheaodifferentaomodesaoofaotransmission?aoGiveaoanaoexampleaoofaoeach.ao- aoans--

Whataoareaosomeaoreasonsaoyouaowouldaoseeaoaaocompletelyaodarkaofieldaowhenaolookin gaothroughaoaaomicorscope?ao-aoans-- Theaopoweraoisaooffaooraotheaomachineaoisaonotaopluggedaoin,aotheaoobjectiveaoisaonotaocli ckedaointoaoplace,aooraotheaobulbaoisaoburnedaoout. Whyaodoaoweaouseaoimmersionaooil?ao-aoans-- Immersionaooilaoincreasesaotheaoresolution,aobyaodecreasingaotheaolightaorefraction,aomak ingaotheaoimageaoappearaosharper.