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MICROBIOLOGY LAB FINAL EXAM., Study notes of Biology

Biology

MICROBIOLOGY LAB FINAL EXAM.MICROBIOLOGY LAB FINAL EXAM.

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Available from 06/27/2026

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MICROBIOLOGY LAB FINAL EXAM
Heataoreactionaotoao95aoCaotoaodenatureaoDNA
Coolaorxnaotoao55aoCaotoaoallowaoprimersaotoaoanneal
Heataorxnaotoao72aoCaotoaoallowaoTaqaopolymeraseaotoaobindao-aoans--
GiveaotheaostepsaoofaoaaoPCR
thermocyclerao-aoans--WhataomachineaoisaousedaotoaocarryaooutaoaaoPCRaoreaction?
30ao-aoans--HowaomanyaocyclesaodoesaoaaoPCRaorxnaousuallyaogo?
Bacillusaosubtillis
Enterobacteraoaerogenes
Enteroaocloacae
Escherichiaaocoli
Klebsiellaaopneumoniae
Pseudomonasaoaeruginosa
Salmonellaaotyphimurium
Staphylococcusaoaureus
Staphylococcusaoepidermidisao-aoans--
Nameaotheao9aoorganismsaousedaoinaotheaounknownaolab
E.aocoli
E.aocloacae
E.aoaerogenes
K.aopneumoniaao-aoans--Whichaoorganismsaocanaofermentaolactose?
rod-shaped,aoGram-negative,aonon-sporeaoforming,aoandaomotileaooraonon-
motileaobacteriaaowhichaocanaofermentaolactoseaowithaotheaoproductionaoofaoacidaoandaog
asao-aoans--Defineaocaliformaobacteria
BloodaoAgar
BileaoEsculin
MannitolaoSaltaoAgarao(MSA)
MacConkeyaoAgarao(MaC)
EosinaoMethyleneaoBlueao(EMB)
HektoenaoEntericaoAgarao(HEA)
XyloseaoLysineaoDesoxiolateao(XLD)ao-aoans--
Nameaotheaoselectiveaomediasaousedaoinaoclass
pf3
pf4
pf5

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MICROBIOLOGY LAB FINAL EXAM

Heataoreactionaotoao 95 aoCaotoaodenatureaoDNA Coolaorxnaotoao 55 aoCaotoaoallowaoprimersaotoaoanneal Heataorxnaotoao 72 aoCaotoaoallowaoTaqaopolymeraseaotoaobindao-aoans-- GiveaotheaostepsaoofaoaaoPCR thermocyclerao-aoans--WhataomachineaoisaousedaotoaocarryaooutaoaaoPCRaoreaction? 30 ao-aoans--HowaomanyaocyclesaodoesaoaaoPCRaorxnaousuallyaogo? Bacillusaosubtillis Enterobacteraoaerogenes Enteroaocloacae Escherichiaaocoli Klebsiellaaopneumoniae Pseudomonasaoaeruginosa Salmonellaaotyphimurium Staphylococcusaoaureus Staphylococcusaoepidermidisao-aoans-- Nameaotheao 9 aoorganismsaousedaoinaotheaounknownaolab E.aocoli E.aocloacae E.aoaerogenes K.aopneumoniaao-aoans--Whichaoorganismsaocanaofermentaolactose? rod-shaped,aoGram-negative,aonon-sporeaoforming,aoandaomotileaooraonon- motileaobacteriaaowhichaocanaofermentaolactoseaowithaotheaoproductionaoofaoacidaoandaog asao-aoans--Defineaocaliformaobacteria BloodaoAgar BileaoEsculin MannitolaoSaltaoAgarao(MSA) MacConkeyaoAgarao(MaC) EosinaoMethyleneaoBlueao(EMB) HektoenaoEntericaoAgarao(HEA) XyloseaoLysineaoDesoxiolateao(XLD)ao-aoans-- Nameaotheaoselectiveaomediasaousedaoinaoclass

O/FaoGlucose MRVP Catalase Oxidase Citrate Starch Indole TSIao-aoans--Nameaotheaodifferentialaomediasaousedaoinaoclass indole methylaored voguesaoproskaver in citrateao-aoans--WhataodoesaotheaoacronymaoIMViCaostandaofor? usedaotoaodifferentiateaogramaonegativeaorodsao-aoans-- WhataoisaotheaoIMViCaoseriesaoofaotestsaousedaofor? Enterobacterao-aoans-- WhichaospecificaoorgnaismsaoareaotheaoIMViCaotestsaogoodaoataodifferentiating? designedaotoaogrowaoonlyaospecificaobacteriaaobutaonotaoothersao-aoans-- Defineaoselectiveaomedia designedaotoaoshowaotheaodifferenceaobetweenaodifferentaoorganismsaogrownaoonao- aoans--Defineaodifferentialaomedia showsaotheaotypesaoofaohemolysisao(abilityaotoaobreakaodownaoRBCs)aoofaoorganismsao- aoans--Whataodoesaobloodaoagaraoshow? alpha beta gammaao-aoans--Whataoareaotheao 3 aotypesaoofaohemolysis? partialaogrowth,aogreenao-aoans--Describeaoalphaaogrowthaoonaobloodaoagar totalaogrowth,aoclearao-aoans--Describeaobetaaogrowthaoonaobloodaoagar nothing,aostillaoredao-aoans--Describeaogammaaogrowthaoonaobloodaoagar abilityaoofaoorganismsaotoaotolerateaobileaoandaohydrolyzeaoesculinao-aoans-- Bileaoesculinaoshowsaowhat?

indicatesaolactoseaofermentationaoandaohydrogenaosulfideaoproductionao-aoans-- HEAaoshowsaowhat? isolatesaosalmonellaao&aoshigellaaobacteriaao-aoans--HEAaoisaousedaofor? pinkaogrowthaoindicatesaolactoseaofermenteraoandaosulfuraoreducerao-aoans-- WhataoareaotheaopossibleaoresultsaoofaoaaoHEAaotest? xyloseaolysineaodesoxiolateao-aoans--XLDaostandsaofor ifaoanaoorganismaocanaofermentaotheaosugaraoxyloseaotoaoproduceaoacidao-aoans-- XLDaoshowsaowhat? isolatesaosalmonellaao&aoshigellaaobacteriaao-aoans--XLDaoisaousedaofor? yellowaoindicatesaoacidaoproduction redaowithaosomeaoblackaogrowthaoindicatesaosulfuraoreductionao-aoans-- WhataoareaotheaopossibleaoresultsaoofaoXLDaotest? oxidative/fermentationao-aoans--O/FaoinaoO/Faoglucoseaostandsaofor doesaotheaoorganismaooxidizeaoand/oraofermentaoglucoseao-aoans-- O/Faoglucoseaotestsaoshowaowhat? 2 aotubes,aooneaowithaooilao(anaerobic)aoandaooneaonot: yellowaoinaoanaerobicaomeansaofermentingaoglucoseaobutaoifaoyellowaoonlyaoinaoaerobic,ao thenaooxidizingaoglucoseao-aoans-- WhataocouldaobeaotheaoresultsaoofaoanaoO/Faoglucoseaotest? methylaoredaovougesaoproskaurao-aoans--MRVPaostandsaoforaowhat? MR-aotestsaoforaoacidaofermentation VP-aocanaoitaofermentaoglucoseao-aoans--MRVPaoshowsaowhat? redaoisao+ yellowaoisao-ao-aoans--Whataocouldaotheaoresultsaoofaotheaomethylaoredaolookaolike? redaoisao+ nothingaoisao-ao-aoans--Whataocouldaotheaoresultsaoofaovougesaoproskaueraolookaolike? doesaotheaoorganismaohaveaocatalaseao-aoans--Catalaseaotestsaoforaowhat? bubblesaoindicatesaocatalaseaoisaopresent noaobublesaoisao-ao-aoans--Whataocouldaobeaotheaoresultsaoofaoaaocatalaseaotest?

catalyzesaotheaodecompositionaoofaohydrogenaoperoxideaotoaowateraoandaooxygenao(H₂O² ao→aoH₂Oao+aoO₂)ao-aoans--Defineaocatalaseaoenzyme doesaotheaoorganismaohaveaocytochromaocaooxidaseao-aoans--Oxidaseaotestsaoforaowhat? ifaotheaoorganismaobecomesaoblueaoafterao 20 aosecsaothenaocytochromeaocaooxidaseaoisao presentao-aoans--Whataocouldaobeaotheaoresultsaoofaooxidaseaotest? anaoenzymeaothataopromotesaotheaotransferaoofaoaaohydrogenaoatomaofromaoaaoparticulara osubstrateaotoaoanaooxygenaomolecule,aoformingaowateraooraohydrogenaoperoxide.ao- aoans--Defineaooxidaseaoenzyme canaotheaoorganismaouseaocitrateaoasaoitsaosoleaosourceaoofaocarbonao-aoans-- Citrateaotestsaoforaowhat? anyaoamountaoofaoblueaoisao+ growthaobutaonoaoblueaomeansaocitrateaoisaoutilized nothingaoisao-ao-aoans--Whataocouldaotheaoresultsaoofaoaaocitrateaotestaobe? canaotheaoorganismaobreakaodownaostarchao-aoans--Starchaotestsaoforaowhat? plateaoappearedaowhiteaoandaocloudyaowhereaohydrolysisaooccurred,aoblackaoisaooriginala ocolorao-aoans--Whataowouldaoaaopositiveaostarchaohydrolysisaotestaolookaolike? doesaotheaoorganismaohaveaotryptophanao-aoans--Indoleaotestsaoforaowhat? redaoringao-aoans--Whataowillaoaaopositiveaoindoleaotestaolookaolike? kovac'saoreagantao-aoans--Whataoreagantaoisaoaddedaotoaoanaoindoleaotest? tripleaosugaraoironao-aoans--TSIaostandsaofor usedaotoaodifferentiateaobacteriaaoonaotheaobasisaoofaoglucoseaofermentation,aolactoseaofe rmentation,aosucrose,aoandaosulfuraoreductionao-aoans--TSIaotestaoforaowhat? cracksaoindicateaogasaoproduction blackaoprecipitateaoindicatesaosulfuraoproduction redaoslantaowithaoyellowaobuttaoindicatesaoglucoseaofermentation yellowaoslantaoindicatesaoglucoseaoandaolactoseaofermentationao-aoans-- WhataocouldaobeaotheaoresultsaoofaoaaoTSIaotest? aidsaoinaotheaoprotectionaoofaoforeignaoDNA,aorestrictionaoenzymesaofunctionaobyaobinding aotoaotheaoDNAaoandaocuttingaooutaodamagedaoportions.aositesaoareaoshort,aousuallyao4- 8 aonucleotidesao-aoans--Defineaorestrictionaodigest