NASM-CPT (7TH EDITION) CHAPTER 5
STUDY GUIDE
Human Movement System (HMS) - ANSWER The collective components and structures
that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Kinetic Chain - ANSWER A concept that describes the human body as a chain of
interdependent links that work together to perform movement.
Nervous System - ANSWER A network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit
and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body.
Neuron - ANSWER Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system.
Nucleus - ANSWER Cellular structure or organelle that contains the majority of the cell's
genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
Organelles - ANSWER Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a
cell. Examples include nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Mitochondria - ANSWER The parts of the cell that use nutrients to create energy for the
cell; commonly known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Effector Sites - ANSWER A part of the body, such as a muscle or organ, that receives a
signal from a neuron to produce a physiological response.
Electrolytes - ANSWER Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve
impulses throughout the body, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER A division of the nervous system that
includes the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER Nerves that connect the rest of the body
to the central nervous system.
Afferent Pathway - ANSWER Sensory pathway that relays information to the central
nervous system.
Efferent Pathway - ANSWER A motor pathway that relays information from the central
nervous system to the rest of the body.
