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NOCTI GA Engineering & Technology complete Study Guide CAD - computer aided drafting plot plan - diagram showing everything at the project site at a set scale floor plan - diagram showing arrangement of rooms and furniture at a set scale elevation plan - diagram showing the external face of a building showing height at a set scale foundation plan - diagram showing the plane view of a structure at a set scale specification sheets - a document describing the specifications a product or property Brainstorm - A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion. Client - A person using the services of a professional person or organization. Creativity - The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create. Criteria - A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged. Constraint - 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction. Design - 1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made. 3. A decorative pattern.
Design Brief - A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. Encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution. Design Process - A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice. Design Statement - A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed. Designer - A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to organize his or her work. Engineer - A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. Engineering Notebook - A book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project. Innovation - An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. Invention - A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. Iterative - A process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the desired outcome is obtained. Valid - Well-founded on evidence and corresponds accurately to the real world. open-looped - a system that has to have input each time the system is used
Third-angle projection - the system in which the top view of a drawing is placed above the front view CAD (Computer Aided Design) - The use of a computer to assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc. Fabricate - Construct or manufacture an industrial product. Mockup - A model devised to expose its parts for study, training or testing. Model - A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original. A model is often used to test ideas, make changes to a design, and to learn more about what would happen to a similar, real object. Engineering - The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgement to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. Systems Model - input -> process -> output -> feedback 7 resources of input - time, energy, tools, materials, people, capital, information input - information, ideas, and activities that we need to provide to determine what you want to accomplish process - The conversion of ideas or activities through the use of machines, resources and labor into useful products output - What the system produces. feedback - the part of a system that measures and controls the outcome of a system
types of outputs - expected, unexpected, desirable, undesirable EDP: Step 1 - Define the problem EDP: Step 2 - Brainstorm, research EDP: Step 3 - Brainstorm-develop solutions EDP: Step 4 - Choose the best solution EDP: Step 5 - Create a prototype EDP: Step 6 - Evaluate the solution EDP: Step 7 - Communicate the design EDP: Step 8 - Refine the Design Who is an Engineer? - a person who designs products, structures, or systems to improve people's lives What is Engineering? - it is the process of designing solutions Who is an Engineer Technologist? - these people work out the production details and design the system for manufacturing a product model - an object, usually built to scale, that communicates information and represents a larger object design brief - a written plan that identifies the problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constriants. It is used to encourage thinking about all aspects of the problem before attempting a solution
mock-up - a rough model made of cardboard or other materials prototype - a model made of the actual materials that can be used TECHNOLOGY - processes and knowledge that can be used to extend human abilities as well as satisfy human needs and wants. TEAM - a group of people working together to accomplish a common goal. Design - A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made or a decorative pattern. Design Brief - A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. Design Process - A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to narrow down the possible solutions to one final choice. Engineering Notebook - A book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project. Innovation - An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. Invention - A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. Product - A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by biological or chemical process.
Research - The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Assess - To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria. Creativity - The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create. Criteria - A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged. Problem Identification - The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt with. Prototype - A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments. Assess - To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria Creativity - The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create Criteria - A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged Constraint - 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction ABET - Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology ANSI - American National Standards Institute ISO - International Standards Organization - International Organization for Standardization
UNF - Unified National Fine (threads) SES - Society of Engineering Science SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers SME - Society of Manufacturing Engineers SWE - Society of Women Engineers ASEE - American Society of Electrical Engineers watts - amps x volts AWJ - Abrasive Water Jet. Cuts profile parts in any material usually with an abrasive such as garnet. Actually it erodes parts from sheet stock at cut lines. Wire EDM - cuts using a wire with high voltage. Used for making gears and detailed cuts. EDM - Electrified cathode and anode (mold and blank stock) in a bath. Voltage erodes the stock to shape of mold. cast or casting - made from a mold form - presses material to a desired shape injection molding - for mass production of plastic parts, heated plastic injected into mold, then ejects finished parts vacuum molding - used for clamshell packaging. Heated plastic vacuumed to a form.
What are the major engineering fields? - Civil Mechanical Electrical Aerospace Structural What major functions do engineers perform? - 1. Research- making new discoveries and finding uses
- Development- production of a function able device/ process
- Design- optimizing/ making easier to produce/ improving performance
- Production/Testing- mass production + quantity control
- Construction- Production on a site
- Operations- managing facilities and networks
- Sales- consumer creator link, creating a market
- Management- using background for managing
- Consulting- solving problems What type of education is required to be an engineer? - 1. Bachelors degree at a credited school (ABET or CAEB)
- Exams- Fundamentals of Engineering test- Engineering in Training (EIT)
- Practice for 4 years- principles and practice exam- licensed engineer What important ethics are related to engineering situations? - Engineers use knowledge and skill for the advancement of human welfare. They need to be honest and impartial, increasing reputation of the engineering profession. Who do engineering interact with? (Other technical personnels on the job) - Engineers Scientists Technologists Technicians
How to explain components of set up, machining, casting, molding, welding, and finishing? - Turning- lathe Milling- makes square objects Casting- turns liquid into mold Welding- arc, spot, gas (oxyacetylene) Undercutting- welding reduce cross sectional strength Finishing- painting How to identify and use common hand tools - Straight edge- ruler VIC (vernier caliper)- measures inside/outside distanxes How to identify and properly use fasteners? - Machine srews- hex nuts Wood screws- course thread/pointy Sheet metal- pointed heads, sharp fine threads Thread Rotation= UNC 1/4(diameter)-20(thread per inch)-2(thread length)-2A(type of thread) How to estimate and measure the size of objects using SI and US units? - 1 inch = 2.54 cm 100 ft = 28.3 L 1 gal water = 7-8 lbs How to explain the role and quality control in manufacturing? - -Controls the quality -bSigma- stands for manufacturing for standardization -International organizations -Manufacturing tolerance How to measure with percussion to olds and instruments? - 7.00 sleeve(0.5) 0.25 thimble What role does quality control plays in assembly and fabrication? - -Improves quality and reputation
-Reducing execution time -Lower costs What are the roles of supplying and outsourcing? - -Reordering levels are set -No over stocking (to attain materials in time w/o overstocking) What does the order and methodology of the assembly process consist of? - Operations Storage Transportation/Delays Inspection What are the attributes of common materials? - Ferrous- high weight/ lower conductivity/ easily corrodible/ magnetic Non Ferrous- malleable/ high conductivity How to make an oral presentation? - Practice Don't read from slides Speak to the audience How to interpret aspects and/or types of engineering drawings and plans? - Orthographic drawings Dimensions/ line drawings How to express data in tables, graphs, and charts? - Bar graph- qualitative Histogram- Quantitative How to contribute to a team project? - Communication Common goal, vision Find a good team
How hydraulic and pneumatic systems work? - Pump, Valce, Motor/Cylinder Hydraulic motor- generates power Pneumatic- pressurized fluId Three ways heat is transferred - Convection- hot to cold (no direct contact) Radiation- to contact (vacuum) Conduction How to convert between Celsius and Ferenheit? - (X9/5)+32 (-32X5)/9 How heat conductors and insulators work? - Head conductors relies on density (more particles) heat can jump How to solve thermal problems using appropriate units? - BTU- British thermal unit 1 pound of water needed to get 1 degrees F What are the six simple machines? - Pulley Lever Wheel and Axel Wedge Screw Plane How to solve problems using appropriate units in engineering systems? - Increase velocity of liquid Increase force or increase area absolute p + gauge = atmospheric pressure How to identify the uses and types if inductors and capacitors? - Capacitor- stores electrical energy
Inductors- stores energy (w/ magnetic field) How to use insulation to minimize heat flow? - 1. sealed windows (vacuum)
- Fiberglass How to identify electrical components and their functions? - Diode limits- keeps current in 1 direction Translator- amplifies or switches on electrical signal
