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ATOMS Rutherford’s Moded of Atom !- Scoring to this modeR , The mass of = atoms __and_‘k_ te ohavge,G88_Con= —cenkoterl__ot_the _centre_hart of atom a nucle us__of vadigs lem. Around He nucleus e0echens are dishibubed te _cireu- — Yar orbit efechons in atom __are not Skrhonery but. ave revving, ayYound the nurePeus in_dliffevent__civewlar_ orbit and. _ He _hecess-_ —ary centnpein? _force._is__provided by Hhe__eRechasky He forre_ of ——sHyachon bj) elechons a the +ve_huefeus, “The tote —ve charge of_ellectrons _is_epuck totes ___ ___charge of nucleus hence the clom as_a_ohofe Is eechially neutral : 1 Drawhacks of Rutherferct” 5 Moded | - ee 1: ® Regarding Stabi®ity of atom '- &¢ “revedving At bn avound the een have cenbipeh-l ace. 1 is a Acordting te efechadynamics , ace Berabest charged \, pS ae “s _ parkede radiate ehergy Ce. M, Waves) cenbrnucnsh, ay. al due te this Qess of enerqy , Ine Faclius of elechons “ork bit soutal | be Continucusdg. _clecreasing ond wQtmatedy. eRechken should fate ino Hye fuckeus . Thas atom Cannel remains _.skahle. © Regarding Explanation _ of Line- Shechtrm '- Due 40 “conFinuous Py changing _reclit of cvcwer ovkibs of eheclens , Me frequency _ r of + veveRukion of _ ef efeckems “must alse be change. . As ao resuth, | Bechens wild racial &.m, loaves of att fresuency , Hat is , N Ihe Shechuen of here Leaves wh be _entinsens in nature -f Buk ' | =o se el eed Lh , Nek. O toni: Number of rere = ho. of broken = = ho. -y eechon | r @_ Atomic_mass number (A) = ho. ef bron -+ no of neulrons - rp ®_—Neutron _nember (N) = A-Z | eal! eg. An element _ ox represent _Z Prelon_, @ iahen an atom recieves energy fren outside , hen ane or move of ‘is outer elechens Beaves its stable orbit and goes fo | some _h ighey orbit . This stale of atom is callet exciled Stele, | The efechen th highey Crbert Shays only for 15 ® see. and relyrn back to a fower ovbit . Whike tehirning beck he clechon _vaaiales energy inthe -form of @+m: Wave ( phokm ef Energy hd ) hd = E,- Ey 3 : 4 : Hudyogen - Dike Qlems = _ x Bohv's theury of Hydlroge Using cherakion ae a a 1 228° — 7 rf = 4n€0 ¥> i ee (es 2) att Sr put ea 1 7 mer Rant te Helen | | =: NZe o eer au _ men eg radius of nth orbit [iy ye Re | ———_—_—_— v= hiss eo a 7 —®& Zz =| _ ——TTrm @ a aaa. %, ~ b> No le- Vad us of m7 7" ovbit of H- gto is callers Bohys | Valls — 7 .: t) €o / 2 re eS Eel Tye —“tising 9” @ in e57 GY GE Ge Weboct hy of ebectsay — ==. nN orbit , - Scanned by CamScanner inp) p t i) n z* Rhe (2 cul ) 2 a hp nz Thabane eat | ! he. Aye stents : Es | Lot p ft 4) | aca ne ne) _ seer poy Vi] hele, {22} J— , ne ne) fee e é ) NW - = —¥ "S34 E Nele- The value of Rhe oq kta x &Erle x 3Alo_ J | bod KOGK3 xa yy | " Pentel? =—_13.6 eV Now E= - 136 ey So At Poy H- cory, For “aviy sted” aleon [ens al a de Emission Shechum of H-atom | te atom ot a parker ____ element _has__some __diisereate__enerquy Revels Ordinarify , ofQ he atoms _tematn: in Ihe’ _Qourest energy, Sele_._iahen_they ___ receive _abbrobriale __enerqy fem _owtside_ ythey fleawe Hoe __ ____ Dowest _enevay stale __and —go_to some __exciled stale of highey _ energy. But the _exciled stale vemains for a _wery short time | [2158 See)__andl He atoms return back immediatly . An alm! may refurns._either__dlivecty to. the ground stale or Hrrough | __ofher__ Somer energy _Stele_, it _vadiale energy —in_ the fore) Of 4 Sige __sf_tenve berg — given —by—--=-8(1 = —— ' Aap the senes found bh the hylvagen emission ghechum are ex pdained as FeO a —~Tymen Series !- When an atom jumps from any excited skele ON eek enerey shale haz] then the emjHed shechrat 4 i" “are ebleined in Ubraveifet reghew and th Lymer me. a —— — —Sgeies Rf R-A) nee x aon Scanned by CamScanner Malet. Longest coqveQensin for n=2 is 1216 A Ond shortest wavelength. for new is qiaA wiki S Calbed Simi Hng Une of . Lymen Series , y @® Balmer Series’ When an atomic: elechon Jumbs from any __@xciked stele do h,= 2 then emiHedl SpecheR me Oe: oblatned in te visthe Ly and 1s cated the Ome “of Balmer | Les I . : ps8 [gh] vnesast — fey h=4 ue Get fyst member + Bolmev (Longest) kofer hz we get Biting Sine sf Bodmer CSmathest) | @_Paschen Senes'- if ys 3% hae tS 6. i aA een cl ee (inf reel sien) nt | ‘oa Z A. 2 @® Brackett Series'- ip Wyn wm N2S,4.70 0° 8 I =R}{t 1 WY-ne Seb, 7.—-[Hafea-ted_regen) A Lae nt] ac) Phinc “Seri es!- ip hy=S 7 24.7. 7.&+-. of x8 [4h - eal teh eé.7 Be. Arena) ———— FTonjsed Stake er ee | my of ot 7 i . : Ye ge —— = = eee Hl emai Ec= =~ 154 av: ) Ke $< — a ———— —4 , Brackett. ppentt 85-4} en aro af H ee 01 ee Raschen - 7 4 ) 7 oe Boe ee ee Bev nel exciled a $2. } —- i yp _ excited FF : r —— a “1 ]/Balmev CSE [-SIHING It { ot led okie. _ — se “att exh a r _ 5a = =Rovet a ia “atl »——— ge ets) | —— | Lymen __} = ford eV | — r——— FI, : f p.--Bbe s-lhG- —hel be Nod av: yO = Ground Ski , i fees | Scanned by CamScanner | Noe’. CxeilaHon bolenHak of mercury. are 4.96 eV, béTeN,--- | BR lonishhon folenlia of mercury fo tV we JorteV, J Limitations of Bohr S REO aohy’s Hreem of Heaters and —_ H- ike atoms £ a a yt 4H", single tontsed hekiun » doubky fon seek | ____ Bithium eke. ) has @ number of Qimitahons. oO. tk expQaings the Shecla ef one elechon atom such as (Hs hydraqen Iso tobe s 5 ‘Singfe tonisedt he@ium , doubRe lonised Oithium ek). it fails +o expSein the shecva of mubhelechen atoms. ® tAken a shechat Qine is cbservel under a high resolving | bower Spechoscope ,ik Is found to be made up ef 4 humber of elesedy. ~ Shar ed Dines . Bohr's theory dées not explain Fine shuchwe of ckms. @) Mu does not +200 anything. about yelalive trtensily oF spechal Qines . ®@ St does not erbQsin the shitting of sheclrad Dine in magnehe Felol . (Zeemen effect) and in sheng elechic fied (Start: effet) @ st does nol expOsin Phe dishibubion of ellechans t) diferent orbils @® sk docs not give eng Infermabon about wave nature of elechm, Se ———— — ee ___—— —— ee — — ——————_——_—— —— —. $e — a —— _— re) — —_ 4 _ Scanned by CamScanner 
