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NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Cembosi hon of hucleus '- “the highO chosed sbhericeR ebnho® per rt of tadius 19m _of en gh olde beg ~ ~ oF protons ® nybons are Called Nucleus, proben gins +ve charge Yo the. huckeus eahile. jpretoh < ahd nubon egelher* gives mOsSs In an atom xh Z= Atomte nimber = ho. of broten or “Beclon, : w A= mass ae = he ef (poten. + hubren) - AZ Sho. of _hufrons 128 2AqZ : vw Nuclear Sige , shabe & densihy '- : @O- Radius ef huecteus '- the volume of nucews is divectPy proportional to d+ of nurkeons ( brian # nubrons’) fe mass rare OM RA lsat an R> ak A — ( ee rey ers ee cE oF = ms — " y there Ro = an hn _embiriced canstent ine xt = meley. = (02 Ferme “4 @ Nuclear shape — most of Ihe _nucler are Sphericet tm shape but certain, hevevey devicle fram sphencity - = I Pea mass oF nudleus | 7 - }i= _® Nuclear clensihy —_ 2 =acens'iter ef macfens (¢) Velume ef nucleus - eee far A= mass number 3m #32 i 1 53 r= 4 (Ron) 4.71 Ry ar) eerste — "2 a Pe = 2) leg AB ey J fw ——= Anand K(bIK?) f CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEI- (ISOTOPES , ISOBARS 4 'SOTONES) 1. (soropes (or — The atoms of an element those nucle! _ subs: fre ear mass urbes A) are elfed. (sofohes. TT exe _leelapes of Hydeage LW H® Lsebobes of Cnugen = _ 0 = 4 ef Uranium - yest 4238 \ 91 ee Nole3 t- chemtea® preperttes ot Isotopes are Same hence Hey Connot Seperale by, chemics® process but Hey Sebercle by Physical Scanned by CamScanner D 2+ Among Isolthes of Same element Same care shibde and some rasp D be redisachve . e5: ce is sable , while ect is radioachve, D 2-1s0PARS- The _nudei thle howe same number af neueleons — te(Meass number] but different number eo} profens 2 Aiflerent nutans ave coed _Isobars . Isobarg =H? & pte ete Nt eke Nole!«_Isobars are of different element. they heve__ctiferent chemical ow physical broberbes D_3- Isotones - “Tre ue! having. equal number of heubans are cabled » Isolones . hence Hey have different 7 & different A_ 3 an agli! u abe : Wx ste Sy Nee gig Bor_Nucbear FORCES | In hucSeus , cherged prelens_s_uncherged nutes Bae eta together in an _extrernfy _ srmatt 5 pace_(=15'Srm) tn spite Bs: the _shrang ___rebul'sion bf.» _protans.. ObviousSy , there are _some__ sheng __ailractive: Forces aching, bekseen ___nuckeons —tahich bind p——_P=p_, poh n-n__thas _eebing tou. intact. These _ferces_are_ cotter nuclear -ferces. =—— . ~ Proherties'- @ Nuclear ferces are atlvactive in nabure . id @ These ere hon eechic » non magnelic , Nen gravika hone ‘forces De These are charge _indetondent feces 3 @ There Gre Short range forces . a @ These are spin debendent shong forces . 7) (@® Nuclear forces here He freberty of Sahurahon . DO Wee are EXCHANGE FORCES). 7 Dw YUKAWA’S MESON THEORY OF NUCLEAR FORCES '~ Yukawa th 1935. D _ bredicted —a_hew particle 77 meson, tahich eve __vesbonstbile for the _ D___origin__of _nucleav formes _, “The __vest__mass__of _TT_mesen_is 200 Himes _ P___ leet _of _ePecheny__T=_meson ye of Hore type ve -ve_ » nybed _ __Tr- meson (at 7 > )__magnibide of charge = berets! cotam » Yukewa acid _, there is _q cloud of _71- mesons__avound every 5 nucleons The difference efi brelon and nuhens__ts _ondy dtu eto oti eren_—shuchore—e}mesen cloud — avound them... There_is_a contnu- ___-aus__exchange of T= meson behseen__forotons si _nubons due to fy —— Shih —theg _tomfincse ‘tebe converted ‘inte ane _ nother. — then 717 _mesen _jumbs from _a_broton to _nuhens_, ten __ Py broten is ¢onvevled in to nubon the huhon 13 converled te nn eet, ; ——. Ps proton Th —3 hy 4 h+7" —>» 6 Scanned by CamScanner -— = ee ee Nok! © if Q- value of nuckear energy Is “Bhe meens energy is @bevalkea ie. kinehe. energy, af fihaQ sicle is | Guealey han meek ehergy of jotliat hele Nuclenr traction ui be SOME, me) if Q-velue is Ve, energy is lelsorhed | kEnerqy ot fina? Slele _ Ress Wan bk. Eneropy of ‘inihed stale . Huckeet react cape | SK_ Graph hu - bolenie®. trey U versus F b/o hucteons, patv - | — v —— \ \¥52 men diskence bey Ea rere dans Tr e ‘Ni ; ean ! X : ~=>y % — ! iy r —_— _—__—___}|______* <—t - a — —_= <——Al —_ Rabudsion aire Rebudsion 1e~AHrecton—> = 7 Scanned by CamScanner 
