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GCSE (9–1) Physical Education
J587/01 Physical factors affecting performance
Time allowed: 1 hour No extra materials are needed. Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes. Centre number Candidate number First name(s) Last name OCR GCSE (9–1) Physical Education J587/01 Physical factors affecting performance Combined Question Paper and Mark Scheme Oxford Cambridge and RSA INSTRUCTIONS
- Use black ink.
- Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
- Answer all the questions. INFORMATION
- The total mark for this paper is 60.
- The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
- Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
- This document has 16 pages. ADVICE
- Read each question carefully before you start your answer. DC (PQ/CB) 332856/6 (^) OCR is an
© OCR 2025 Section A 1 The images show the three planes of movement. A B C (a) Name the correct plane of movement for A , B and C. A ....................................................................................................................................................... B ....................................................................................................................................................... C ....................................................................................................................................................... [3] (b) State if movement is through plane A , B or C for each of the following sporting examples: A gymnast performing a cartwheel ................................................................................................... The running action of a sprinter’s legs ............................................................................................. [2]
© OCR 2025 6 Litter, lack of supervision and overcrowding are examples of hazards in a fitness centre. Identify one other hazard in a fitness centre. Explain how this hazard can cause injury during a sporting activity. Example of hazard: .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... How this hazard can cause injury: .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [2] 7 State the role of red blood cells.
. ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 8 Complete the two statements using words from the list below. clavicle gastrocnemius quadriceps scapula sternum ulna (a) Articulating bones at the shoulder joint are the humerus and ...................................................... [1] (b) Muscles found at the back of the leg are the hamstrings and ....................................................... [1]
© OCR 2025^ Turn^ over 9 The image shows the set-up and route for a test of one component of fitness. 10 metres Start 5 metres Finish Name the component of fitness that is measured by this test.
. ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 10 Identify two physical benefits of a warm up. 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [2] 3.3 m 3.3 m 3.3 m
© OCR 2025^ Turn^ over 14 Name the heart chamber that receives blood from the vena cava.
. ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 15 (a) Define the term tidal volume. . ................................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) State what happens to the tidal volume of a 100 m swimmer during a race. . ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 16 Describe how a weight trainer could increase intensity in their weight training programme. .......................................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 17 FITT is an acronym for optimising training. State the meaning of one of the letter ‘T’s in the FITT principle. . ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 18 Describe the effect of a cool down on breathing rate. .......................................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................................... [1] 19 Describe how an amateur boxer can reduce the risk of injury by giving a practical example for each of the following: Personal protective equipment .......................................................................................................................................................... Appropriate level of competition .......................................................................................................................................................... [2]
© OCR 2025 20 This image shows a training exercise which involves jumping. Name the type of training shown.
. ................................................................................................................................................... [1]
© OCR 2025 (c) Describe the following functions of the skeleton. You must apply each function to a gymnastic routine. Protection: .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... Posture: .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... Support: .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [3] (d) Tendons are a connective tissue found at the knee. State the main role of tendons. .......................................................................................................................................................... Name one other type of connective tissue found in the knee. .......................................................................................................................................................... [2]
© OCR 2025^ Turn^ over
(a) A cyclist is unable to train due to injury. (i) Describe two effects of reversibility on the cyclist’s muscular system. 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) Describe two ways that reversibility will affect the cyclist’s performance in a cycle race. 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [2] Turn over for the next question
© OCR 2025^ Turn^ over
(a) Low-intensity exercise and stretching are the components of a cool down. Describe an example of each cool down component. Low-intensity exercise: .......................................................................................................................................................... Stretching: .......................................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) The physical benefits of a cool down include gradually lowering heart rate, breathing rate and body temperature. Describe two other physical benefits of a cool down. 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... **[2] (c) *** A warm up prepares the body for exercise and can help to increase skill levels in sport. Describe the components of a warm up. Describe and apply the characteristics of skilful movement. Apply your answer to a named physical activity or sport. [6] Named physical activity or sport ...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................
© OCR 2025
END OF QUESTION PAPER
J587/01 Mark Scheme June 2025
Question Answer Marks Guidance 4 One mark for: Double circulatory system.
1 x AO 5 One mark for: to give you more chance of winning the race OR to gain an advantage / head start over other swimmers OR to reduce the swimmer’s time
1 x (AO2) Swimming may be implied as in the first example. Answers must show why a fast reaction time is important for a swimmer. ‘Head start’ means getting an advantage over others Do not accept: opposites, e.g. why a slow reaction time is bad (a different question) jump off the blocks quickly = TV start of the race you need a quick take-off = TV getting a fast / good start = TV (they do not show why it is important) Accept: Jumping off the block faster than your opponent = ✓
J587/01 Mark Scheme June 2025
Question Answer Marks Guidance 6 One mark for example of hazard, one mark for effect. Accept other suitable ways that explain how hazards can cause injury.
1 x AO 1 x AO Do not accept: Litter / debris / dirt OR overcrowding / lack of supervision (in question) use REP and ignore. Do not accept: ‘causes injury’ on its own (in question) Effect of hazard must show how injury may be caused. If no example of hazard given, ignore ‘how hazard can cause injury’ answer and use SEEN But, if example of hazard is TV and the second part clarifies to create a correct hazard, credit with BOD. E.g. hazard given is clothing = TV, but if answer explains that loose clothing can get caught in the machine, BOD loose clothing and credit with 2 marks. Accept: Inappropriate weight used / heavy weights = BOD ✓ 7 Training while fatigued = BOD ✓ 7 Water spilt on its own = BOD 1 Hazard How hazard can cause injury
- Wet floor / slippery floor OR sweat on floor 2. Performers slipping / falling over
- Hard floor / damaged floor / uneven floor 4. Performers can get hurt landing heavily / trip up
- Poor behaviour of participants OR not using a spotter 6. not following rules / dropping weights
- Poor technique / fitness level / coaching OR inappropriate use of equipment 8. Lifting weights incorrectly OR attempting to lift too much OR pushing themselves too much OR overexertion
- Inappropriate clothing OR inappropriate footwear 10. Lack of grip / support from footwear OR examples of injury from unsuitable / loose clothing getting caught in machines
- Open windows / doors OR fittings on windows / door / wall
- Performer catches themself on protruding windows / doors / equipment
- Equipment left out OR equipment not stored correctly
- trip hazard for performers OR equipment falling onto performer / fingers caught in machines
- Broken / damaged equipment / 16. Lack of grip / loose fittings / sharp edges
- Faulty electrical sockets 18. Risk of electric shock
- Poor lighting 20. Risk of collisions / tripping over
J587/01 Mark Scheme June 2025
10 Two marks from:
- Increases muscle / body temperature OR preparing the body / muscles for physical activity
- Increases heart rate / pulse rate
- Increases stroke volume
- Increases cardiac output
- Increases breathing rate
- Increases tidal volume
- Increases minute ventilation
- Increases flexibility / elasticity / pliability (of muscles) OR increases flexibility / range of movement / mobility (of joints)
9. Increases flexibility / pliability of tendons / connective tissue
10. Increases / more / faster blood (flow) / oxygen to muscles
OR redistribution of blood OR activates vascular shunt mechanism
- Increases speed / strength of contractions
- Reduces risk of injury OR reduces risk of muscle soreness
2 x AO Do not accept: Prevent injury / soreness = TV (does not prevent, only reduce …) More blood / oxygen to body = TV Muscles are stretched / loose = TV Increases blood pressure = TV Faster removal of lactic acid = TV Warms up muscles = TV Practice skills = TV Performer feels ready to perform = TV (not a physical benefit) Accept: Helps to prevent injury = BOD ✓ 12 Practice the specific skills = BOD ✓ 1 Increases BPM = BOD ✓ 2 11 One mark for: Working muscles need more blood / oxygen OR (vaso)constriction of blood vessels supplying other organs
1 x AO Do not accept: Vascular shunt mechanism on its own with no explanation ‘other organs need less oxygen’ = TV ‘vasoconstriction’ on its own = TV (one-word answer not an explanation) ‘muscles need more blood’ = TV ‘Helps slow down lactic acid’ = TV Accept: reference to correct action of pre-capillary sphincters ‘Vascular shunt / redistribution of blood to working muscles’ = BOD✓ 12 One mark for: 100 bpm
1 x AO
J587/01 Mark Scheme June 2025
13 One mark for: Prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium OR prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle
1 x AO Do not accept: Prevents backflow of blood = TV Accept : prevents backflow of blood between right atrium and right ventricle = BOD✓ 14 One mark for: Right atrium
1 x AO 15 a One mark for: The volume of air inspired / breathed in per breath OR The volume of air expired / breathed out per breath OR The volume of air inspired / expired per breath
1 x AO Do not accept: oxygen for air = TV Volume of air inspired AND expired per breath = TV minute ventilation ÷ breathing rate = TV (equation to calculate, not a definition) ‘depth of breathing per breath’ = TV Accept : ‘amount’ for ‘volume’ 15 b One mark for: Increases
1 x AO Accept : synonyms of ‘increases’ .e.g. ‘goes higher’ 16 One mark for: Increase the weight being lifted OR increase the number of sets OR increase the number of reps OR decrease the rest interval between sets / reps
1 x AO Do not accept: make exercises harder = TV use overload / progression = TV Increase frequency / time / duration (different components of FITT) = TV train for longer = TV (duration) train until fatigue = TV 17 One mark from:
- Time OR the duration of exercise / how long you train for
- Type OR the exercise / activity you choose
1 x AO Do not accept: Tedium
