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Pepperdine PSY 600 Final Exam
Questions With Accurate Answers
What is characteristic of separation anxiety disorder? - ANSWER An excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures, which exceeds what, may be expected given the person's developmental level. This must last at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults. What is involved in a specific phobia? - ANSWER marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation such as flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, or seeing blood. What is the duration for specific phobia? - ANSWER Typically lasting for 6 months or more. What is the first DSM criterion for social anxiety disorder? - ANSWER marked fear or anxiety about 1 or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Such as social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of other. Are the panic attacks in panic disorder expected or unexpected? - ANSWER unexpected Is one attack sufficient for panic disorder? - ANSWER one attack is not sufficient n addition to panic attacks, what else has to occur for 1 or more months? - ANSWER There needs to be 1 or both of the following: (1) persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences or (2) a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks. 4 DSM symptoms of a panic attack? - ANSWER Palpitations/accelerated heart rate Sweating trembling/shaking sensations of shortness of breath
How many symptoms are required for a panic attack? - ANSWER 4 What is the source of perceived threat for a person with agoraphobia? - ANSWER Marked, or intense, fear or anxiety triggered by the real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations. In the event of developing panic-like symptoms in agoraphobia, the person is concerned that _____ or _____. - ANSWER Individuals believe that escape from situations might be difficult or that help might be unavailable. How many settings/situations are associated with fear/anxiety in agoraphobia? - ANSWER Two types of settings or situations involved such as using public transportation and being in open spaces. Can substances, medications, or medical conditions contribute to anxiety symptoms? - ANSWER Yes, substances such as alcohol, caffeine, cannabis Yes, medical conditions such as endocrine disease, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory illness Is it important to involve parents when treating children with separation anxiety disorder? - ANSWER In general, parental involvement usually increases treatment efficacy. Interventions that also involve parents tend to reduce anxiety and have other important benefits. What is a concern about using medications when treating phobias and other anxiety disorders? - ANSWER Medication does not cure the problem and may actually reinforce that the fear is real. Is the prognosis for the treatment of specific phobias favorable? - ANSWER The prognosis for specific phobia is the best out of anxiety disorders, with 70% to 85% of people experiencing significant improvement. What are 2 components of the treatment plan for social anxiety disorder? - ANSWER Psychoeducation about the cause of onset and maintenance of fears in social anxiety disorder and Exposure to gradually more fearful situations What is the well-established "treatment of choice" for panic disorder - ANSWER Cognitive behavioral therapy Briefly describe interoceptive (internal) exposure - ANSWER Interoceptive exposure is an exposure to bodily sensations. By eliciting fearful body sensations, identifying maladaptive thoughts and beliefs associated with these sensations, and sustaining the feared sensations without avoidance or distraction, a shift can come about whereby these sensations are no longer seen as a threat.
The accumulation of things fill up and clutter active living areas to the extent that their intended use is no longer possible. Individuals with hoarding disorder often have possessions that spill beyond the active living areas of the home and can occupy and impair the use of other spaces Hoarding disorder cannot apply if it results from a medical condition What is the recommended treatment for OCD? To what is a person "exposed" in ERP? What is the "response prevention" part? - ANSWER form of behavioral therapy known as exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). Exposure and ritual prevention enhances the brain's emotional learning by changing connections in the brain's response to emotional stimuli circuitry. Prolonged exposures to obsessional cues and strict prevention of rituals have been found to be more efficacious than medication. The exposure typically is graduated, beginning with situations that evoke low anxiety and then moving on to higher levels of anxiety-provoking stimuli as clients become habituated to the lower levels. It is important to not terminate the exposure while the person's level of distress is still high; thus exposure sessions should last from 45 minutes to 2 hours, to allow ample time for anxiety to rise and then fall. They are encouraged to practice it outside of the office. Do those with hoarding disorder usually seek treatment voluntarily? - ANSWER No, they are ashamed and embarassed What are 3 of the main symptom categories of PTSD in the DSM and one typical symptom in each category? - ANSWER Criterion B - intrusion symptoms Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event Criterion C - avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about the traumatic event Criterion D - negative alteration in cognitions and mood Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event What is the distinction between PTSD and acute stress disorder in terms of duration? - ANSWER Acute stress disorder is differentiated from PTSD because the symptoms in acute stress disorder must occur within 1 month of
the traumatic event and resolve within that month. If symptoms persist for more than 1 month diagnosis can be changed to PTSD. when should treatment begin for PTSD? - ANSWER as early as possible In prolonged exposure therapy, to what will the person be exposed - ANSWER memory of trauma event and external cues Besides prolonged exposure therapy, what are two other evidence-supported interventions for PTSD? - ANSWER Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) What are 4 DSM symptoms in the criteria for a substance use disorder? - ANSWER Impaired Control - the individual may express a persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use and may report multiple unsuccessful efforts to decrease or discontinue use. Social Impairment - the individual may continue substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance. Risky use - the individual may continue substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance. Pharmacological Criteria - tolerance is signaled by requiring a markedly increased dose of the substance to achieve the desired effect or a markedly reduced effect when the usual dose is consumed. How many symptoms are required and over what period of time for Alcohol Use Disorder? - ANSWER at least 2 symptoms within a 12-month period Besides typical symptoms of being "under the influence" (slurred speech, incoordination), what else is needed for the DSM diagnosis of alcohol intoxication? - ANSWER Unsteady gait Nystagmus Impairment in attention or memory Stupor or coma What are 2 similarities of the criteria for gambling disorder and the substance use disorders (consider applying the terms of "impaired control and social impairment" or elements of tolerance and withdrawal). - ANSWER the increasing amounts necessary to achieve desired excitement or feelings (tolerance)
prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise. What is involved in a binge? - ANSWER (1) eating, in a period of time, a larger amount of food than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances. (2) a sense of lack of control over eating during this episode. What is the key distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? - ANSWER Binge eating disorder involves binge eating but does not engage in regular inappropriate compensatory behaviors. For the person with bulimia, what are common triggers for binges? - ANSWER tension and anxiety, food cravings, unhappiness, inability to control appetite, hunger, and insomnia What is the possible gain of self-induced vomiting? - ANSWER increase feelings of self-control and to reduce anxiety as well as controlling their weight. What are 3 distinct research-supported treatments for bulimia, anorexia, and BED? - ANSWER Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy Interpersonal Therapy How common is binge eating disorder relative to other eating disorders? (326) Treatable? - ANSWER The prognosis for binge eating disorder is good and is much better than that for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or obesity alone. The most frequently occuring eating disorder A diagnosis of intellectual disability requires deficits in intellectual functioning and what else? - ANSWER deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. What are the two DSM categories of impairment for autism spectrum disorder? - ANSWER Social communication Repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities What are 2 examples of social communication and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities? - ANSWER abnormal social approach with a failure of normal back and forth communication & poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication.
inflexible adherence to routines & highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus. For ADHD, what are 3 examples of inattentive symptoms? - ANSWER Often having difficulty sustaining attention to tasks or play activities Often not seeming to listen when spoken to directly Often not following through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace. For ADHD, what are 3 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms? - ANSWER Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat Often talks excessively Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn. In how many settings do symptoms need to be evident for ADHD? - ANSWER two or more settings What combination of tics makes Tourette's disorder distinctive among the tic disorders? - ANSWER multiple motor and one or more vocal tics. What are 2 helpful components to include in interventions for autism spectrum disorders? Under prognosis, what is the most important factor for a positive outcome for ASD? - ANSWER Early intervention and intensive, behavioral based treatment is key in autism spectrum disorder. Using a child's interests to encourage the use of verbal language as primary form of communication. Training parents to increase their child's communication. Early intervention appears to be the most important factor related to a positive outcome. What are 4 components in the treatment for ADHD? - ANSWER classroom teaching strategies, parent management training, behavioral interventions, and medications What medications are effective in treating ADHD? - ANSWER stimulants What are 3 typical symptoms (from DSM) of oppositional defiant disorder? - ANSWER angry/irritable mood: often loses temper
What is the outcome of parent management training intervention? - ANSWER reduces aggression and oppositional behaviors and increases prosocial behaviors. If kleptomania-like symptoms have a sudden onset, what must be done first in treatment? Why? - ANSWER a medical evaluation should initially be conducted to rule out any medical conditions that may have precipitated the onset of the disorder. Epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and other head trauma have been reported to occur before sudden onset of kleptomania.
