PHILOSOPHY REVIEWER
Chapter I Nature of Philosophy –
Lesson 1 – What Philosophy Means
Some Common meanings of Philo:
-Philosophy as a set of beliefs
-Philosophy as an activity of reasoning
-Philosophy as an academic subject/course
Philosophy came from the Greek word:
Philosophia, which means Love of Wisdom
Philo Love and Sophia - Wisdom –
Therefore, Philosophers are lovers of wisdom.
3 key Philosophers to remember: Socrates,
Pythagoras, and Plato.
Philosopher, first used by Pythagoras.
Pythagoras was popularly known for his
mathematical formula, Pythagorean Theorem.
Sophists were a group of intellectuals that –
taught oratory for a fee to indiv. That desired a
good career in Politics.
Sophists believe that all truths are Relative in
that all truths are determined by or based on
human interests.
Philosophers oppose of the sophists’ belief, and
stated that truth is Universal and are objective.
5 Traits of a Wise Person:
A wise person is aware of his own
ignorance
A wise person has justified true beliefs
A wise person knows what things are
valuable in life.
A wise person knows what to do and
does it.
A wiser person has the ability to put
knowledge into practice.
Rodolf Carnap distinction between internal –
and external questions.
Philosophy as an Activity
Ludwig Wittgenstein – “Philosophy is not a
body of doctrine but an activity”
Philosophy as an Activity is
Dynamic
Critical
Creative
Lesson 2 Kinds of Philosophy –
5 General Types of Philosophy
Thematic topic of the issues being –
addressed.
Positional - Solution that is being
proposed.
Methodological Method use to resolve –
issues.
Regional according to geographical –
location.
Historical When or the Historical period.–
Branches of Philosophy under Thematic type:
Logic
- From the Greek which has a “logos”
variety of meanings including word,
thought, idea, argument, account,
reason or principle is the study of
reasoning, or the study of the principles
and criteria of valid inference and
demonstration.
- Right way of thinking
- Has Formal, Informal, Symbolic, and
Mathematical logic.
- Aristotle – “is new and necessary”
Epistemology
- Greek word episteme meaning
“knowledge.
- The nature of Scope and Knowledge
- Is the study of the nature and scope of
knowledge and justified belief.
- Analyzes nature of knowledge
Metaphysics
- Traditional branch of philosophy
concerned with explaining the
fundamental nature of being and the
world that encompasses it.
- Derived from the word “Meta” –
beyond, upon, after
- First used as title in Aristotle’s work
- Ultimately, what is there? And what is it
like?
Keep in mind :
