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Phonological rules : exercises
1. In the following data, [ T ] and [f] are substitutes for the targets /f/, /s/, / S /, and / T /, and their occurrences are predictable. Give the generalization.
feather [TEd´] soup [fup] fall [fçl] thin [TIn] fish [fIs]
2. Examine the following data from B (4years, 1month), a child with phonological disorder, and determine whether the realizations of /r/ targets are predictable.
race [res] mirror [mIw´] berry [bewi] correct [kçwEk] parade [p´wed] rain [ren] ride [raId] four [fç] deer [di] road [rod] wrong [rçN] room [rum]
3. Examine the following data from Japanese and determine whether [t], [ts] and [t S ] are allophones of the same phoneme or represent two different phonemes, or three different phonemes. If allophones, state the complementary distribution; if phonemes, state the contrast.
a. [te] hand i. [tsutSi] earth b. [takai] high j. [ato] later c. [tegami] letter k. [kutsu] shoe d. [tsukue] desk l. [tSitSi] father
e. [utSi] house m. [matsu] wait f. [tSizu] map n. [ita] board g. [tatami] mat o. [tomodatSi] friend h. [kata] person p. [tatsu] summer
On the basis of your findings, predict the most likely pronunciation of the following English words by a speaker of Japanese. You should concentrate on the realization of /t/ targets in these words. And ignore the other potential problems.
city [ ]
team [ ]
tear [ ]
totem [ ]
tune [ ]
